Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gallium nitride compound semiconductor multilayer structure useful for producing a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device which operates at low voltage while maintaining a satisfactory light emission output. The inventive gallium nitride compound semiconductor multilayer structure comprises a substrate, and an n-type layer, an active layer, and a p-type layer formed on the substrate, the active layer being sandwiched by the n-type layer and the p-type layer, and the active layer comprising a thick portion and a thin portion, wherein the active layer has a flat lower surface (on the substrate side) and an uneven upper surface so as to form the thick portion and the thin portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a Group III nitride semiconductor device exhibiting improved crystallinity and a good performance. The inventive Group III nitride semiconductor device comprises a substrate, and a plurality of Group III nitride semiconductor layers provided on the substrate, wherein a first layer which is in contact with the substrate is composed of silicon-doped AlxGal-xN (0?×?1). Also, the inventive Group III nitride semiconductor device comprises a substrate, and a plurality of Group III nitride semiconductor layers provided on the substrate, wherein a first layer which is in contact with the substrate is composed of AlxGal-xN (0?×?1), and the difference in height between a protrusion and a depression which are present at the interface between the first layer and a second layer provided thereon is 10 nm or more and is equal to, or less than, 99% the thickness of the first layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a Group III nitride semiconductor crystal includes a first step of supplying a Group III raw material and a Group V raw material at a V/III ratio of 0 to 1,000 to form and grow a Group III nitride semiconductor on a heated substrate and a second step of vapor-phase-growing a Group III nitride semiconductor crystal on the substrate using a Group III raw material and a nitrogen raw material.

Abstract: A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus capable of adjusting the position of a tablet is a structure suitable for downsizing. A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus has an arranging device for arranging a long side of the tablet to be perpendicular to the tablet's moving direction by moving the tablet for a predetermined distance; and an oblique plate for making the tablet fall a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A short duration of exposure is selected for the object for EVEN fields and a long duration of exposure is selected for the object for ODD fields by the electronic shutter, the obtained images being subsequently synthetically combined according to a synthetic reference levels in a dynamic range broadening mode. For the EVEN field, the duration of exposure is automatically controlled according to the brightness for high speed shutter operation. The level of REF is lowered when a small value is selected for the duration of exposure whereas the level of REF is raised when a large value is selected for the duration of exposure. In the case of a dark object that does not require any dynamic range, REF rises to get to the white clip level, when the mode is switched to an ordinary mode to increase the duration of exposure for both EVEN fields and ODD fields.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a film of group-III nitride semiconductor crystal includes a step of using metal material to deposit particles of a group III metal on a substrate surface in an atmosphere containing no nitrogen source, a step of nitriding the particles in an atmosphere containing a nitrogen source and no metal material, and a step of growing group-III nitride semiconductor crystal on the substrate surface on which the particles have been deposited.

Abstract: A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus capable of adjusting the position of a tablet is a structure suitable for downsizing. A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus has an arranging device for arranging a long side of the tablet to be perpendicular to the tablet's moving direction by moving the tablet for a predetermined distance; and an oblique plate for making the tablet fall a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus capable of adjusting the position of a tablet is a structure suitable for downsizing. A tablet conveying and cutting apparatus has an arranging device for arranging a long side of the tablet to be perpendicular to the tablet's moving direction by moving the tablet for a predetermined distance; and an oblique plate for making the tablet fall a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The invention presents a method for manufacturing an amphoteric urethane resin, improving at least one of the performance of cosmetics including this amphoteric urethane resin and the storage stability of the urethane resin.

Abstract: The digital synthesizer comprises a system control unit, a read control unit, and a write drive control unit, and based on a magnification fine adjustment value set using a magnification fine adjustment panel, in the copy mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency for modulating a laser beam for image formation so that a desired pixel density is obtained and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a scan speed when reading an image from a document, while in the printer mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a rotational speed of a polygon mirror for scanning a photosensitive mirror with a write beam.

Abstract: The invention presents a method for manufacturing an amphoteric urethane resin, improving at least one of the performance of cosmetics including this amphoteric urethane resin and the storage stability of the urethane resin.

Abstract: The digital synthesizer comprises a system control unit, a read control unit, and a write drive control unit, and based on a magnification fine adjustment value set using a magnification fine adjustment panel, in the copy mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency for modulating a laser beam for image formation so that a desired pixel density is obtained and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a scan speed when reading an image from a document, while in the printer mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a rotational speed of a polygon mirror for scanning a photosensitive mirror with a write beam.

Abstract: A short duration of exposure is selected for the object for EVEN fields and a long duration of exposure is selected for the object for ODD fields by the electronic shutter, the obtained images being subsequently synthetically combined according to a synthetic reference levels in a dynamic range broadening mode. For the EVEN field, the duration of exposure is automatically controlled according to the brightness for high speed shutter operation. The level of REF is lowered when a small value is selected for the duration of exposure whereas the level of REF is raised when a large value is selected for the duration of exposure. In the case of a dark object that does not require any dynamic range, REF rises to get to the white clip level, when the mode is switched to an ordinary mode to increase the duration of exposure for both EVEN fields and ODD fields.

Abstract: The digital synthesizer comprises a system control unit, a read control unit, and a write drive control unit, and based on a magnification fine adjustment value set using a magnification fine adjustment panel, in the copy mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency for modulating a laser beam for image formation so that a desired pixel density is obtained and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a scan speed when reading an image from a document, while in the printer mode, a magnification of an image in the main scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a write reference clock frequency and also a magnification of the image in the auxiliary scanning direction is finely adjusted by controlling a rotational speed of a polygon mirror for scanning a photosensitive mirror with a write beam.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a film of group-III nitride semiconductor crystal includes a step of using metal material to deposit particles of a group III metal on a substrate surface in an atmosphere containing no nitrogen source, a step of nitriding the particles in an atmosphere containing a nitrogen source and no metal material, and a step of growing group-III nitride semiconductor crystal on the substrate surface on which the particles have been deposited.

Abstract: An image scanner, including an optical image reading unit which reads an image from a document and a carriage which carries the optical image reading unit. Also included is a motor which drives the carriage, and a driver which outputs a sequence of drive signals to drive the motor. Further, a timing of each drive signal of the sequence of drive signals output by the driver is selected in accordance with a desired incremental magnification of the document. In addition, the incremental magnification of the document may be selected in steps of 0.1%.

Abstract: A digital copier for recording image data representative of a document image on a paper sheet by digitally processing the image data and capable of forming a blank area in a leading edge portion of the paper sheet to prevent the sheet from wrapping round a fixing roller. Digital image data representative of a document image is erased over a predetermined area in a subscanning direction, while the erasing area is variable depending on positive-negative reversal/non-reversal. The blanking control area is varied in response to the number of black pixels included in the image data and to conditions particular to a paper sheet used. Black pixels included in the digital data are counted in matching relation to the reversal/non-reversal, whereby a blank area in a leading edge portion of a paper sheet is controlled.

Abstract: A digital copier having a single scanner and a plurality of plotters which are physically independent of each other. The plotters may be designated one at a time. When the designated plotter is already operating, another plotter which is idle is desingated. When all the plotters are in operation at the time of designation, image data representative of a document read by the scanner are stored and, as soon as a designated plotter becomes idle, the plotter begins to plot the stored image data automatically. Further, when an error occurs in any of the plotters being operated, the copying operations are handed over to another plotter.

Abstract: An image reader installed in an image forming apparatus for reading an image printed on a document and producing a digital video signal representative of the read image. While a CCD image sensor produces an analog signal associated with a document, a background level detector produces a background level signal representative of the density of the background of the document. The background level signal is fed to a reference level input terminal of an analog-to-digital converter. A signal level adjusting circuit is provided for adjusting the ratio between the density of the background of the document and the level of the background level signal. An operation for erasing the background is effected automatically in response to the background level signal. This operation begins after the start of image scanning and, before this operation occurs, the background is erased by using a predetermined fixed level.