Abstract: The present invention relates to a maneuvering assistance system for automotive vehicles and a method of maneuvering automotive vehicles which permit a simple and safe maneuvering of the automotive vehicle particularly during a parking procedure. The present invention is especially advantageous when the automotive vehicle needs to be maneuvered, for example, on a steep positive or negative gradient. According to the present invention, a preselected or adjustable maneuvering speed is chosen such that the driver is not surprised by unwanted reactions of the automotive vehicle. The present invention especially comprises an accelerator pedal sensor [(5)] for detecting an accelerator pedal position [(&agr;)] and a device for determining a speed [(vref)] of the vehicle.

Abstract: A brake power assist unit for motor vehicles, the control valve of which can be electrically actuated by means of an electromagnet which actuates a third sealing seat that allows ventilation of the operating chamber. In order to stabilize the characteristic of the load system formed by the armature of the electromagnet, a sleeve that carries the third sealing seat and the valve body of the control valve by means of constructive modifications of the control valve of the externally actuated brake power assist unit, in particular, during the pressure reduction phase, the invention proposes means that allow a controlled pneumatic pressure compensation between the operating chamber and the vacuum chamber or a reduction in the force to be generated by the electromagnet during the pressure reduction phase, i.e., during the return movement of the third sealing seat from the valve body.

Abstract: A brake system for motor vehicles with an adjustable pneumatic brake force booster includes a control valve which can be actuated by an electromagnet independently of the driver's actions. A brake pressure controller generates signals which serve to actuate the electromagnet. In order to be able to implement a quick-action, low-noise pressure regulating system at low cost, the brake pressure controller (8) is formed by connecting in parallel an electromagnetic control circuit (60) that processes the nominal brake pressure signal (Pnominal) into a first current value (IA) and a regulating circuit (70) that processes a control difference (&Dgr;P) formed from the nominal brake pressure signal (Pnominal) and the actual pressure signal (Pactual) into a second current value IB, with the output variable (Inominal) of the brake pressure controller (8) being formed by adding together the two current values (IA, IB).

Abstract: The invention proposes that a casting mold be provided with a lining for the manufacture of a crystal body. The lining is removed from the casting mold together with the crystal body that has solidified in the lining and the lining serves as a protective cap for the crystal body. Additional functional layers for the protective cap or the scintillator plate can be integrated into the lining.

Abstract: A multi-shelled melt container is disclosed for liquefying and crystallizing substances which comprises at least an inner shell and a bearing shell. While the inner shell--which has a thin wall in comparison to the wall of the bearing shell--consists of an inert material with respect to the melt, the bearing shell serves exclusively to fixate and support the inner shell and is correspondingly constructed in a mechanically stable fashion. The device can also comprise means to pump the melt over into a collection vessel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a brake force booster for automotive vehicles having a control valve which is operable independently of an actuating rod displacing a valve piston, by way of an electromagnet which actuates a third sealing seat. Displacement of the sealing seat in opposition to the actuating direction of the brake force booster permits ventilating the working chamber. To eliminate all pneumatically induced force components in an independent activation, according to the present invention, a permanent pneumatic connection is provided between a pneumatic chamber delimited in the control housing by the valve member and the vacuum chamber, and in that both a second sealing seat which is provided on the valve piston and used to ventilate the working chamber, the third sealing seat, and the valve member in its sealing lip delimiting the pneumatic chamber in the control housing have almost identical diameters.

Abstract: A brake power booster is equipped with a device for determining an input force introduced at a brake pedal. According to the present invention, the device which uses a pressure generator for measuring the input force is interposed between the end of an actuating rod, connected to the brake pedal, and a valve piston that actuates a control valve of the brake power booster. The pressure generator is exposed to the effect of a pressure which develops in a pressure chamber and is built up in an elastic substance or an elastomer.

Abstract: A multi-shelled melt container is disclosed for liquefying and crystallizing substances which comprises at least an inner shell and a bearing shell. While the inner shell--which has a thin wall in comparison to the wall of the bearing shell--consists of an inert material with respect to the melt, the bearing shell serves exclusively to fixate and support the inner shell and is correspondingly constructed in a mechanically stable fashion. The device can also comprise means to pump the melt over into a collection vessel.

Abstract: In a method of operating an electromechanically actuatable pneumatic brake booster, an electromagnet which actuates a sealing seat of its control valve is energized in an interval by a short current pulse of maximum current strength with a subsequent ramp-like current rise, and the current being furnished to the electromagnet is decreased when a fixed value of the pressure that prevails in a master brake cylinder connected downstream of the brake booster is reached. When the hydraulic pressure introduced into the master brake cylinder reaches a nominal value, the current being furnished to the electromagnet is supplied by a pressure controller which maintains the hydraulic pressure constant.

Abstract: A brake unit for motor vehicles with electric drive with a hydraulic pressure transducer and hydraulic friction brakes to increase the brake effect applied by the electric drive motor. The cooperation of the electric drive motor with the hydraulic friction brakes is controlled by an electronic controller.

Abstract: A process and device for producing an optically pure polycrystalline salt body by melting a starting material for the salt and then introducing the melted material into a casting mould having a base which is kept at a temperature of 1.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. below the melting point of the material to form a solid crust on the base and then solidifying the entire melt to form the polycrystalline salt body.

Abstract: A doped starting substance is applied to a substrate composed of SiO.sub.2 glass. A phosphor layer is formed by reaction of the starting substance with SiO.sub.2 of the substrate to form a silicate of the starting substance. This reaction is carried out in a heat-treatment process in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Zn or Gd is preferably used as starting substance.