Abstract: A sensor element constructed in layers for detecting a physical property of a gas or liquid, and in particular for detecting the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element includes a first and second layer as well as at least one contact face, which is disposed in a layer plane between the first and second layers. In the region of the contact face, the first layer includes a recess.

Abstract: An unheated planar sensor element for determining the concentration of a gas component in a gas mixture, in particular the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, has a sensor foil made of a solid electrolyte with an outer electrode exposed to the measuring gas, and an inner electrode exposed to a reference gas, as well as a reference-gas channel, which is covered by the sensor foil on one side and accommodates the inner electrode. To produce a small-volume, cost-effective unheated sensor element for use in small combustion engines having low power output yet sufficiently satisfactory measuring accuracy, the reference-gas channel is sealed on the underside by an additional sensor foil made of a solid electrolyte, and covered by an inner electrode lying inside the reference-gas channel and an outer electrode exposed to the measuring gas.

Abstract: A sensor element is used to detect a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably to determine the oxygen content or the temperature of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element contains a first solid electrolyte layer and a second solid electrolyte layer. A first printed conductor and a second printed conductor are provided on opposite sides of the first solid electrolyte layer, the first printed conductor including a first electrode and a feed line to the first electrode, and the second printed conductor including a second electrode and a feed line to the second electrode. A third printed conductor, which includes a third electrode and a feed line to the third electrode, is provided on the second solid electrolyte layer. The second printed conductor is positioned between the third electrode and the first printed conductor.

Abstract: A gas-measuring sensor, preferably for verifying at least one physical variable of a gas, in particular for verifying the oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor including a sensor element, which has an electrochemical cell having a first electrode and a second electrode and at least one solid electrolyte electrically connecting the first and the second electrode. The second electrode is provided in a reference-gas region containing a reference gas. The reference-gas region is arranged between the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: Multichannel processor for processing data of multi-protocol data packets, comprising (a) a number of input ports (2) for receiving received data packets in parallel, which can be selected in each case by means of an input port number; (b) at least one multiplexer (3) connected to the input ports (2), which switches through the data present at the selected input port word by word; (c) at least one first programmable data processing unit (4), which separates the sequence of data words switched through by the multiplexer (3) into data packet header words and into data packet payload words in accordance with a sorting program selected in accordance with the input port number; (d) a buffer management unit (44) which writes the data packet payload words of a received data packet into an addressable payload memory (47) and generates localization data which specify the corresponding memory area; (e) a descriptor generator unit (43) for generating data packet descriptors which in each case contain a header assembled

Abstract: A lambda sensor for motor vehicles which permanently displays an at least temporary thermal overload by means of an indicator which, for fast reliable and unambiguous diagnosis without major additional measurement effort or expense, includes an indication material having at least one limit temperature adapted to the maximum allowable operating temperature of the component, and when this limit temperature is exceeded in at least one material component, a microstructural change ensues.

Abstract: A device (1) to control processing of data elements (data_i), in which a thread is assigned to each data element (data_i), comprises a first unit (CS), which, during a first cycle, fetches an instruction (cs_ir_s) that is entered in the context of the thread assigned to the incoming data element (data_i), a second unit (IF), which, during a second cycle, fetches an instruction (if_ir_s) that succeeds a stipulated instruction in a stipulated thread, and a third unit (ID), which, during the second cycle, decodes the instruction prescribed for processing of the data element (data_i) and generates a data element processing signal (dec_o).

Abstract: A gas sensor for determining the concentration of gas components in gas mixtures is used in particular to measure the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines or in the interiors of motor vehicles. It contains an electrochemical measuring cell which includes a first electrode (31) situated on a solid electrolyte and an additional electrode (32). The electrode (31) is made of an oxide material containing lanthanum which at least catalytically decomposes nitrogen oxides. The pump current flowing between the electrodes (31, 32) is used as a measure of the nitrogen oxide concentration in the gas mixture.

Abstract: A sensor element for an electrochemical sensor for determining a physical variable of a gas mixture, for example, for a lambda probe for determining the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, having a composite of sheets, which lie on top of each other, made from a solid electrolyte. The composite may have at least one electrochemical cell, including two electrodes, which may be applied to a solid electrolyte, as well as an integrated heater element. In order to achieve an additional electric insulation of the heater element, the electrochemical cell and the heater element may be connected to one another via an insulating, non-ion conductive sheet binder.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, is described; it is equipped with a catalytic converter (12) which may be exposed to nitrogen oxides. A lambda probe (13) is provided for measuring the oxygen concentration downstream from the catalytic converter (12). The nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalytic converter (12) are increased by a controller (18), and the conversion capacity of the catalytic converter (12) is concluded from the increase in oxygen concentration downstream from the catalytic converter (12).

Abstract: A sensor element of a gas sensor is used for determining the concentration of hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas component, preferably ammonia or hydrocarbons, present in a gas mixture. It has a measuring electrode (13) exposed to the gas mixture and at least one reference electrode (14), both electrodes being applied to a proton-conducting solid electrolyte (11a), the solid electrolyte (11a) being made of a purely ceramic material.

Abstract: An intramedullary nail, comprises a proximal portion, a middle portion and a distal portion. The proximal portion has a longitudinal slot and the distal portion has at least one transversal bore. The proximal portion has a longitudinal axis and a longitudinal bore extending over the longitudinal extension of the slot in the distal direction. The longitudinal bore has an internal thread. An insert which is intended to be inserted in the longitudinal bore. The insert comprises a guiding bore in the form of a slot which is intended to receive fixing elements. The alignment of the guiding bore of said insert is transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis of the proximal portion. The insert has a compression screw adapted to be screwed into said internal thread of the longitudinal bore of the proximal portion to move a fixing element in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the intramedullary nail.

Abstract: An intramedullary nail, comprises a proximal portion, a middle portion and a distal portion. The proximal portion has a longitudinal slot and the distal portion has at least one transversal bore. The proximal portion has a longitudinal axis and a longitudinal bore extending over the longitudinal extension of the slot in the distal direction. The longitudinal bore has an internal thread. An insert which is intended to be inserted in the longitudinal bore. The insert comprises a guiding bore in the form of a slot which is intended to receive fixing elements. The alignment of the guiding bore of said insert is transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis of the proximal portion. The insert has a compression screw adapted to be screwed into said internal thread of the longitudinal bore of the proximal portion to move a fixing element in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the intramedullary nail.

Abstract: The reference air channel of a gas sensor or a lambda probe having a laminate body produced by printing technology is provided. The laminate body is produced by printing a suitably structured layer onto a neighboring layer, for example, by screen printing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1), especially for a motor vehicle, is described, which has a three-way catalytic converter (12″) and a storage catalytic converter (12′) which can be loaded with and unloaded of nitrogen oxides. A diagnosis of the storage catalytic converter (12′) is carried out by a control apparatus (18) below a temperature at which the three-way catalytic converter (12″) does not yet operate.

Abstract: The tibia nail comprises a tube including a continuous longitudinal bore and includes a proximal anchoring portion with several cross-bores, an adjoining connecting portion which is flexurally resilient in an anterior and posterior direction, a shank adjoining it, and a distal anchoring portion. The anchoring portion is bent away with respect to the shank and has an elongated hole through which a locking screw may be placed. The tibia may be compressed by means of a compression screw inserted into a longitudinal threaded bore. The tibia nail enables retrograde implantation, which has been considered to be impossible for the tibia up to now.

Abstract: A sensor for determining gas components and concentrations in a gas mixture that is particularly suitable for analyzing HC, NOx and CO in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines in the sensor, an outer electrode, that is separated from an MOx electrode by an electrolyte layer, is applied on a substrate. In this context, the outer electrode and the MOx electrode are in communication with the gas mixture to be analyzed. In addition, the outer electrode contains a region that is in contact with a gas-permeable tunnel layer which in turn contains a region that is directly exposed to the gas mixture to be analyzed, so that the gas to be analyzed can be supplied to the outer electrode via the gas-permeable tunnel layer.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1), especially for a motor vehicle, is described, which has a catalytic converter (12) which can be loaded with and unloaded of nitrogen oxides. An NOx sensor (14) is provided with which NOx emissions can be measured downstream of the catalytic converter (12). The catalytic converter (12) can be only partially loaded by a control apparatus (18). An increased NOx emission can be generated forward of or in the catalytic converter (12) by the control apparatus (18). A conclusion can be drawn as to the operability of the catalytic converter (12) by the control apparatus (18) from NOx emissions measured downstream.

Abstract: A gas sensor for determining a physical quantity of a gas component, e.g., in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, including a sensor element which contains at least one electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged at a distance on at least one solid electrolyte, the second electrode is arranged in a reference gas space. A third electrode which is in contact with a gas located in the gas space is provided. The gas component may be exchanged between the gas space and the reference gas space using a voltage applied between the second electrode and the third electrode.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1), especially for a motor vehicle, is described, which has a catalytic converter (12) which can be loaded with and unloaded of nitrogen oxides. An NOx sensor (14) is provided with which NOx emissions can be measured downstream of the catalytic converter (12). The catalytic converter (12) can be only partially loaded by a control apparatus (18). An increased NOx emission can be generated forward of or in the catalytic converter (12) by the control apparatus (18). A conclusion can be drawn as to the operability of the catalytic converter (12) by the control apparatus (18) from NOx emissions measured downstream.