Abstract: A manufacturing method for a field emission display includes the steps of (1) forming a conductive film on a substrate that is to be a base plate, the conductive film being for forming a cathode electrode; (2) applying, on the conductive film, a positive resist, which is a photosensitive material; (3) exposing the positive resist to light, so as to form openings that correspond in a shape of emitters, the light being (a) emitted from a light source, (b) paralleled so that rays thereof have even light intensity distribution, and (c) directed into a micro lens array so as to be condensed in interior of the photosensitive material; and (4) forming the emitters respectively in the openings. This arrangement provides a manufacturing method for a field emission display, the method capable of highly accurately and highly productively sharp emitters aligned orderly, without a complicate manufacturing step and a complicate optical system.

Abstract: An organic thin film having both a chemical structure of an organic material that is a factor determining a characteristic of the thin film and a high-order structure of the thin film, for example, the crystallinity of molecules, namely, the orientation. A functional organic thin film composed of molecules the main skeleton structure portion of which is arbitrarily given electrical, optical, electrochemical function and a method for simply forming such a functional organic thin film are also disclosed. The functional organic film is formed of a silicon compound expressed by formula R1—SiX1X2X3 (I) where R is an organic residue which may have a terminal replaced by a functional grou p and to which ?-electron conjugate units are bonded, and X1, X2 and X3 are the same group or different groups and given a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis.

Abstract: A functional organic thin film comprising a network structure moiety 12 including silicon atoms and oxygen atoms and formed on a base 11; and a ?-election conjugated system molecule 15 bonded to the network structure moiety 12 via an insulating molecule 14.

Abstract: At least one of end portions of a light-carrying core portion of a single-conductor optical fiber has an enlarged portion, which is a portion of the core portion larger than other portions of the core portion. An optical communications module includes a light emitting element which generates outgoing light, a sending lens which couples the outgoing light with an end portion of the single-conductor optical fiber, a light receiving element which receives incoming light from the single-conductor optical fiber, and a reflecting mirror which couples the incoming light with the light receiving element. The light emitting element and the sending lens are disposed so that the area in the end portion of the single-conductor optical fiber coupled with the outgoing light is at least partially included in the enlarged portion.

Abstract: Numerical aperture of transmitted light is varied to NAs by a transmitting lens. The numerical aperture, NAs, of the transmitted light is made larger than the numerical aperture, NAp, of an optical fiber, whereby the numerical aperture, NAf, of received light radiated from the optical fiber is made smaller as the transmission distance increases. A receiving optical system is arranged such that the receiving efficiency of the received light is increased by the provision of an aperture member according as the numerical aperture, NAf, is made smaller. This improves the receiving efficiency when the transmission distance is long and reduces a variation in the received light quantity even if the transmission distance is varied.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a field emission display includes the steps of (1) forming a conductive film on a substrate that is to be a base plate, the conductive film being for forming a cathode electrode; (2) applying, on the conductive film, a positive resist, which is a photosensitive material; (3) exposing the positive resist to light, so as to form openings that correspond in a shape of emitters, the light being (a) emitted from a light source, (b) paralleled so that rays thereof have even light intensity distribution, and (c) directed into a micro lens array so as to be condensed in interior of the photosensitive material; and (4) forming the emitters respectively in the openings. This arrangement provides a manufacturing method for a field emission display, the method capable of highly accurately and highly productively sharp emitters aligned orderly, without a complicate manufacturing step and a complicate optical system.

Abstract: An optical communication module including: an emission member for emitting a transmission light beam; and a connection member for detachably connecting an optical fiber for external communication with the emission member, the connection member including a tubular accommodation part for coaxially receiving and fixing an end of the optical fiber to be connected, wherein the emission member and the connection member are arranged such that the transmission light beam intersects with an optical axis of the optical fiber at a predetermined angle to enter an end face of the optical fiber when the optical fiber is connected and the transmission light beam collides with an inner wall of the accommodation part when the optical fiber is detached.

Abstract: A disk cartridge having a small size and a sufficient portability. The disk cartridge has a size of 58 mm (L1)×54 mm (L2)×4 mm (L3), a thickness less than 5 mm and a small area less than a square of 65 mm. The disk cartridge has a notch 10 formed on the insertion side and having a width of 2 mm (L6) and a length of 27.5 mm (i.e., a taper portion of 6 mm (L4)+a straight portion of 21.5 mm (L5)).

Abstract: An optical communication system has a plastic optical fiber (POF) and an optical communication module. The POF has a spherical end surface, and light emitted from the spherical end surface has an NA of 0.35 or lower. The POF is installed in the module such that a light receiving surface of a light receiving element (PD) is at a distance, d, from an apex of the spherical end surface. The distance, d, is within a range of 0<d?r*D/(n?n1) when a PD diameter is not larger than D, and within a range of D?d?r*D/(n?n1) when the PD diameter is larger than D, where D is a diameter of the POF, r*D is a radius of curvature of the spherical end surface, n is a refractive index of a core of the POF, and n1 is a refractive index of a substance between the spherical end surface and the PD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disk device with enhanced heat radiation effects which aims at effectively suppressing heat generation from a circuit substrate without preventing slimming of a disk device, facilitating assemblies and adjustments in manufacturing steps, and simplifying maintenance/repair work. In the present invention, connectors 18C to be connected to flat cables 18B are intensively disposed close to one edge of a circuit substrate 6, the circuit substrate 6 is fixed between side wall sections 7B, 7B, and a ventilation path for air produced by rotation of a disk 2 is formed by a space enclosed by the circuit substrate 6 and side wall sections 7B. Electronic parts 18 mounted on the circuit substrate 6 are fixed to a frame 7 oriented toward the disk 2 so as to face this ventilation path. This allows the air produced through rotation of the disk 2 to pass through a ventilation path 28 and go out of the frame 7 and allows heat from the electronic parts 18 to radiate outward.

Abstract: A bidirectional optical communication device satisfies a condition of ?fb?0??fa or ?fa?0??fb when ?fa and ?fb are angles of inclination between an optical axis of an optical fiber and transmission light after incidence with a numerical aperture NA at an outermost periphery, and ?fa and ?fb are expressed as the follows: ?fa=Sin?1[{n0 Sin(?L+Sin?1(NA)/n0+?T)}/nf]??T ?fb=Sin?1[{n0 Sin(?L?Sin?1(NA)/n0+?T)}/nf]??T where nf and no denote refractive indexes of a core of the optical fiber and air, respectively. The bidirectional optical communication device is capable of decreasing restraint of a transmission distance by reducing fluctuation of reception efficiency by the transmission distance and reducing interference between transmission light and reception light.

Abstract: An optical communication module in accordance with the present invention includes: an optical fiber; a light-receiving device for converting the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber to an electric signal; and a receiving optical section for coupling at least a part of the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber with the light-receiving device. The receiving optical section includes: a collecting optical system for directing at least a part of the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber to the light-receiving device; and an interference restraining section for restraining module-reflected beams of light reflected in a part of the optical communication module from being coupled with the optical fiber, the interference restraining section being provided in an area irradiated with at least a part of the module-reflected beams of light.

Abstract: A position of a first module (12a) with respect to an optical fiber (11) is determined in accordance with a receiving efficiency at the first module (12a) with respect to light emitted from the optical fiber (11). Power of light coupled into the optical fiber (11) from the first module (12a) is set in accordance with a value of a far-end reflectivity on a side of the first module (12a) in the position so as to satisfy a predetermined formula. By giving priority to determining a condition that significantly influences an improvement of an eye opening ratio, it is possible to manufacture an optical communication system at a low cost and with more freedom in manufacturing. Thus provided is a method of manufacturing an optical communication system, the method allowing for manufacturing an optical communication system at a low cost and with more freedom in manufacturing.

Abstract: In the organic waveguide of the present invention, on a buffer layer and a core section made of organic polymer which are formed on a substrate, there is provided a masking clad which serves as a mask when the organic polymer is processed by dry etching and which constitutes an upper clad, and an overclad made of inorganic dielectric such as silicon oxide is formed around the core section.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical device having a polyimide film through which a light beam is transmitted, which comprises applying a solution containing a polyamic film-forming starting material on a substrate and then baking the resultant under vacuum to form the polyimide film.

Abstract: A two-way optical communication device for use in a two-way optical communication system for transmitting and receiving an optical signal via a single optical fiber, comprises a light emitting element for generating transmitted light, a photodetector for receiving incoming light emitted from the optical fiber, and a reflection mirror made of a thin film having a high reflectance, having first and second surfaces, the first surface being opposite to the second surface. An optical member including the reflection mirror is provided closer to the optical fiber than the light emitting element. The incoming light emitted from the optical fiber is reflected by the first surface of the reflection mirror to be guided to the photodetector. The transmitted light emitted from the light emitting element or the transmitted light reflected by an end surface of the optical fiber is reflected by at least a portion of the second surface of the reflection mirror to prevent the transmitted light from entering the photodetector.

Abstract: At least one of end portions of a light-carrying core portion of a single-conductor optical fiber has an enlarged portion, which is a portion of the core portion larger than other portions of the core portion. An optical communications module includes a light emitting element which generates outgoing light, a sending lens which couples the outgoing light with an end portion of the single-conductor optical fiber, a light receiving element which receives incoming light from the single-conductor optical fiber, and a reflecting mirror which couples the incoming light with the light receiving element. The light emitting element and the sending lens are disposed so that the area in the end portion of the single-conductor optical fiber coupled with the outgoing light is at least partially included in the enlarged portion.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical device having a polyimide film through which a light beam is transmitted, which comprises applying a solution containing a polyamic film-forming starting material on a substrate and then baking the resultant under vacuum to form the polyimide film.

Abstract: An optical communication module in accordance with the present invention includes: an optical fiber; a light-receiving device for converting the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber to an electric signal; and a receiving optical section for coupling at least a part of the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber with the light-receiving device. The receiving optical section includes: a collecting optical system for directing at least a part of the beams of light emitted from the optical fiber to the light-receiving device; and an interference restraining section for restraining module-reflected beams of light reflected in a part of the optical communication module from being coupled with the optical fiber, the interference restraining section being provided in an area irradiated with at least a part of the module-reflected beams of light.

Abstract: In a bidirectional optical communications module capable of all-dual-mode communications using a single optical fiber, interference due to internally scattered light is reduced by forming a diverging area on a periphery of a transmission lens and providing a thin film reflection mirror which collects incoming light. A inexpensive, compact bidirectional optical communications module can be offered with reduced interference between outgoing and incoming light, especially, interference due to internally scattered light.