Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a means for sufficiently removing residues remaining on a surface of a polished object to be polished. A composition for surface treatment containing a polymer compound having at least one ionic functional group selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, and an amino group, and water, in which pH is less than 7, and the polymer compound has a pKa of 3 or less and an ionic functional group density of more than 10%.

Abstract: To provide a means capable of sufficiently removing organic residues present on the surface of a polishing object after polishing containing silicon oxide or polysilicon. A surface treatment composition contains a polymer having a constituent unit represented by Formula (1) below and water and is used for treating the surface of a polishing object after polishing, in which, in Formula (1) above, R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for surface treatment that sufficiently removes the defect present on the surface of a polished object to be polished. The composition for surface treatment that includes a silicone-based compound having an HLB of more than 7 and water and is used to treat a polished object to be polished.

Abstract: A surface treatment composition according to the present invention is a surface treatment composition having a pH of lower than 7 and used for treating the surface of a polished object to be polished having a layer containing tungsten, and the surface treatment composition contains a tungsten etching inhibitor and water, wherein the tungsten etching inhibitor is a compound containing a monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring having two or more substituents, and the substituents contain at least a nitrogen-containing group and an anionic group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a new polishing composition that contributes to improving the quality of a device. There is provided a polishing composition containing: an abrasive grain having an organic acid immobilized on a surface thereof; a first water-soluble polymer having a sulfonic acid group or a group having a salt thereof, or a carboxyl group or a group having a salt thereof; a second water-soluble polymer different from the first water-soluble polymer; a nonionic surfactant; and an aqueous carrier, wherein the polishing composition is used for polishing an object to be polished.

Abstract: The composition for surface treatment according to the present invention includes a carboxylic acid compound having two or more nitrogen atoms, an ionic dispersing agent, and water, has a pH of less than 6, and is used for treating a surface of a polished object having a tungsten-containing layer.

Abstract: An intermediate raw material according to the present invention includes a charge control agent having a critical packing parameter of 0.6 or more and a dispersing medium and a pH of the intermediate raw material is less than 7.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide means which can inhibit dissolution of tungsten-containing material by bringing a specific compound into contact with the tungsten-containing material. The present invention relates to a tungsten dissolution inhibitor which contains a sulfonic acid compound or a salt thereof containing a nitrogen atom and having a molecular weight of less than 1,000.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a means for sufficiently removing residues remaining on a surface of a polished object to be polished. A composition for surface treatment containing a polymer compound having at least one ionic functional group selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, and an amino group, and water, in which pH is less than 7, and the polymer compound has a pKa of 3 or less and an ionic functional group density of more than 10%.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a means for sufficiently removing residues remaining on a surface of a polished object to be polished. A composition for surface treatment containing a polymer compound having at least one ionic functional group selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, a phosphoric acid (salt) group, a carboxylic acid (salt) group, and an amino group, and water, wherein the pH value is less than 7, and the polymer compound has a pKa of 3 or less, and a weight average molecular weight of 3,500 or more and 100,000 or less.

Abstract: A composition for surface treatment according to the present invention is used for treating the surface of an object to be polished after polishing, the composition for surface treatment including: a water-soluble polymer having a constituent unit derived from glycerin; an acid; and water, wherein the composition for surface treatment has a pH of 5 or lower.

Abstract: The composition for surface treatment according to the present invention includes a carboxylic acid compound having two or more nitrogen atoms, an ionic dispersing agent, and water, has a pH of less than 6, and is used for treating a surface of a polished object having a tungsten-containing layer.

Abstract: A surface treatment composition according to the present invention is a surface treatment composition having a pH of lower than 7 and used for treating the surface of a polished object to be polished having a layer containing tungsten, and the surface treatment composition contains a tungsten etching inhibitor and water, wherein the tungsten etching inhibitor is a compound containing a monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring having two or more substituents, and the substituents contain at least a nitrogen-containing group and an anionic group.

Abstract: In a propulsion device including a main wheel having a plurality of driven rollers fitted on and arranged circumferentially along an annular core member so as to be rotatable around tangential lines of the annular core member at respective positions thereof on the annular core member, a pair of drive disks positioned on either side of the main wheel in an individually rotatable manner, a plurality of drive rollers supported along an outer periphery of each drive disk so as to be each rotatable around a rotational center line extending in a skewed relationship to a rotational center line of the corresponding drive disk, and a drive unit for individually rotatively driving the drive disks, a plurality of guide rollers are rotatably supported by a body frame and engage at least one driven roller not engaged by any of the drive rollers from either side.

Abstract: An electric vehicle is provided with a highly simple and convenient structure for detachably retaining a battery, and enabling the vehicle to be lifted by hand. A battery case of the electric vehicle includes an upper extension (80F, 80G) including an upper member (80G) configured to be gripped by a hand for lifting the vehicle, and defining a gripping space (112) for receiving the hand between an upper surface of the battery received in the battery case and the upper member, and a latching structure (102, 106, 120) is provided between an upper part of the battery and an opposing part of the battery case, the latching structure including an operating member (104) positioned inside the gripping space.

Abstract: An inverted pendulum vehicle has a vehicle body frame, a main wheel combining a plurality of driven rollers arranged along a circle, a pair of drive disks rotatably supported by the vehicle body frame around a laterally extending rotational center line, a plurality of drive rollers arranged rotatably on each drive disk along a circumferential direction and configured to engage the driven rollers of the main wheel, a drive unit for individually driving the drive disks, a control unit for controlling the drive units under an inverted pendulum control, a tail wheel arm having a base end pivotally attached to a part of the vehicle body frame around a laterally extending pivot center line, a tail wheel rotatably supported by the tail wheel arm and a skid member attached to the tail wheel arm, the skid member including a pair of side walls slanting outward toward upper edges thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an omni-wheel including an annular core member for rotatively supporting a plurality of free roller that is light, economical and strong. The omni-wheel comprises an annular core member having at least one junction defined by mutually circumferentially opposing ends thereof, a plurality of sleeve members defining an inner bore and passed onto the core member and a free roller rotatably supported on an outer surface of each sleeve member in a coaxial relationship, wherein the mutually opposing ends of the annular core member at each junction are fitted into either end of the inner bore of the corresponding sleeve member.

Abstract: An electric vehicle is provided with a highly simple and convenient structure for detachably retaining a battery, and enabling the vehicle to be lifted by hand. A battery case of the electric vehicle includes an upper extension (80F, 80G) including an upper member (80G) configured to be gripped by a hand for lifting the vehicle, and defining a gripping space (112) for receiving the hand between an upper surface of the battery received in the battery case and the upper member, and a latching structure (102, 106, 120) is provided between an upper part of the battery and an opposing part of the battery case, the latching structure including an operating member (104) positioned inside the gripping space.

Abstract: In a frictional propulsion device comprising a frame, a main wheel including driven rollers rotatably supported by an annular core member about a tangential direction and a pair of drive disks each carrying drive rollers rotatable about a rotational center line at an angle with respect to both a tangential line of the drive disk and the rotational center line of the drive disk such that the drive rollers at least partly engage the driven rollers, each drive disk includes a hub rotatably supported by the support shaft, a disk member attached to a peripheral part of the hub, and holder beams arranged circumferentially between the hub and the disk member such that each holder beam is attached to the hub at a first end thereof and to the disk member at a second end thereof, each drive roller being rotatably supported by a corresponding adjoining pair of holder beams.

Abstract: In a frictional propulsion device comprising a main wheel including driven rollers rotatably supported by an annular core member about a tangential direction and a pair of drive disks each carrying a plurality of drive rollers rotatable about a rotational center line at an angle with respect to both a tangential line of the drive disk and the rotational center line of the drive disk such that the drive rollers at least partly engage the driven rollers, a diameter of a drive side contact circle is smaller than a diameter of a driven side contact circle, and the drive disks are vertically offset relative to the main wheel so that only those drive rollers adjoining the main wheel are in contact with the driven rollers.