Abstract: A light control device includes: a single crystal substrate (10); an electro-optic thin film (20) which is provided on the single crystal substrate (10) and has an electro-optic effect; and a plurality of electrodes (30, 40) which are provided along a crystal axis of the electro-optic thin film and apply an electrical field along the crystal axis of the electro-optic thin film (20).

Abstract: To provide a light controller allowing for an enhanced positional precision in assembly of a spatial light modulator and a random phase mask, and to provide a light controller adapted to prevent positional deviations between a spatial light modulator and a random phase mask against impacts or vibrations, allowing for an enhanced operational integrity, a light controller includes a substrate, a light modulation unit disposed on the substrate and configured for modulation of light, and a random phase mask stacked on the light modulation unit on an optical axis of the light modulation unit.

Abstract: To provide a light controller allowing for an enhanced positional precision in assembly of a spatial light modulator and a random phase mask, and to provide a light controller adapted to prevent positional deviations between a spatial light modulator and a random phase mask against impacts or vibrations, allowing for an enhanced operational integrity, a light controller includes a substrate, a light modulation unit disposed on the substrate and configured for modulation of light, and a random phase mask stacked on the light modulation unit on an optical axis of the light modulation unit.

Abstract: A light control apparatus may include a substrate, a first reflection layer provided on the substrate, a light modulating film provided on the first reflection layer, a second reflection layer provided on the light modulating film, and a pair of electrodes which applies an electric field to the light modulating film. The light modulating film ma have a refractive index controlled by the electric field.

Abstract: A light control device includes: a single crystal substrate (10); an electro-optic thin film (20) which is provided on the single crystal substrate (10) and has an electro-optic effect; and a plurality of electrodes (30, 40) which are provided along a crystal axis of the electro-optic thin film and apply an electrical field along the crystal axis of the electro-optic thin film (20).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of lower electrodes arranged on the substrate, a high dielectric film disposed continuously on the plurality of lower electrodes, and an upper electrode disposed on the high dielectric film.

Abstract: A reflection-type light control apparatus featuring the improved light utilization efficiency is provided. A light control apparatus is provided with a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally on a substrate. A first reflection layer is formed on the substrate. A light modulating film is provided on the top surface of the first reflection layer. As material for this light modulating film, electro-optical material, such as PLZT, whose refractive index changes according to an electric field applied is selected. A transparent electrode is provided on the top surface of the light modulating film. A second reflection layer is formed on the top surface of the transparent electrode. This second reflection layer is formed of a dielectric multilayer film, which is a stack of alternating first dielectric film and second dielectric film having different refractive indices. The first reflection layer, the light modulating film and the second reflection layer constitute a resonator.

Abstract: Conductive particles each includes a polymer base particle and a conductive layer coating the polymer base particle. Let the compressive elastic deformation characteristic KX of one conductive particle when the displacement of particle diameter of the conductive particles is X % be defined by the following formula: KX=(3/?2)·(SX?3/2)·(R?1/2)·FX. FX is the load (N) necessary for X % displacement of the conductive particles. SX is the compressive deformation amount (mm) upon X % displacement of the conductive particles. R is the particle radius (mm) of the conductive particles. The compressive elastic deformation characteristic K50 when the displacement of particle diameter of the conductive particles is 50% is 100 to 50000 N/mm2 at 20° C., and the recovery factor of particle diameter of the conductive particles when the displacement of particle diameter of the conductive particles is 50% is not less than 30% at 20° C.

Abstract: A vitrified bond tool including: (a) a support body; (b) a vitrified bond layer which is formed on a working surface of the support body; and (c) a plurality of abrasive grains which are held by the vitrified bond layer so as to be fixed relative to the working surface of the support body and which are spaced apart from each other with spacing between the adjacent ones of the abrasive grains. This vitrified bond tool is advantageously manufactured according to a method including the steps of (i) forming a pattern layer which includes a vitrified bond, in a predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body; (ii) sprinkling the abrasive grains over the pattern layer before the pattern layer is dried; and (iii) firing the pattern layer and the abrasive grains which are bonded to the pattern layer and are arranged in the predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for efficiently manufacturing a body structure block by welding long extruded hollow shape members. A plurality of support beds 10 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the long works W. Each support bed 10 is composed of six supporting units 30 capable of being moved along the width direction of the body structure block, and clamp units 40 and 50 disposed at left and right ends thereof. The supporting units 30 support the butted portions (joints) of seven works W. Both ends of the work W are clamped by the clamp units 40 and 50. The support units 30 and the clamp units 40 and 50 are equipped with expansion devices 34, through which the heights for supporting the works W mounted thereon are adjusted. Adjacent supporting units are coupled via a coupling unit 60, and the inclination angle of each supporting unit 30 can be controlled by the expansion of the coupling unit 60.

Abstract: A vitrified bond tool including: (a) a support body; (b) a vitrified bond layer which is formed on a working surface of the support body; and (c) a plurality of abrasive grains which are held by the vitrified bond layer so as to be fixed relative to the working surface of the support body and which are spaced apart from each other with spacing between the adjacent ones of the abrasive grains. This vitrified bond tool is advantageously manufactured according to a method including the steps of (i) forming a pattern layer which includes a vitrified bond, in a predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body; (ii) sprinkling the abrasive grains over the pattern layer before the pattern layer is dried; and (iii) firing the pattern layer and the abrasive grains which are bonded to the pattern layer and are arranged in the predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body.

Abstract: A vitrified bond tool including: (a) a support body; (b) a vitrified bond layer which is formed on a working surface of the support body; and (c) a plurality of abrasive grains which are held by the vitrified bond layer so as to be fixed relative to the working surface of the support body and which are spaced apart from each other with spacing between the adjacent ones of the abrasive grains. This vitrified bond tool is advantageously manufactured according to a method including the steps of (i) forming a pattern layer which includes a vitrified bond, in a predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body; (ii) sprinkling the abrasive grains over the pattern layer before the pattern layer is dried; and (iii) firing the pattern layer and the abrasive grains which are bonded to the pattern layer and are arranged in the predetermined pattern on the working surface of the support body.

Abstract: A rotary tool (140) is relatively moved against members (30, 30) to be welded so as to perform friction stir welding of said members, while blades (145) mounted on the rotary tool (140) and a rotary brush (220) are used to cut the welded portion, and swarfs on the cut surface are removed through a suction opening (225), before medium liquid is supplied on said cut surface through a supply opening (240). Next, an inspection roller (250) is rotated on the surface of the welded portion for inspection. A probe (251) is provided within the roller (250). Upon detecting a defect, paint is applied to the position of defect by a marking device (270). Thereafter, based on said marking, the joint portion is cut and repaired by welding.

Abstract: A rotary tool 140 is relatively moved against members 30, 30 to be welded so as to perform friction stir welding of said members, while blades 145 mounted on the rotary tool 140 and a rotary brush 220 are used to cut the welded portion, and swarfs on the cut surface are removed through a suction opening 225, before medium liquid is supplied on said cut surface through a supply opening 240. Next, an inspection roller 250 is rotated on the surface of the welded portion for inspection. A probe 251 is provided within the roller 250. Upon detecting defect, paint is applied to the position of defect by a marking device 270. Thereafter, based on said marking, the joint portion is cut and repaired by welding.

Abstract: In order to inexpensive construction materials effectively utilizing timber resources and realizing any desired properties by using so-called low-quality materials including slim timbers, old timbers, wood cuttings produced by lumbering, bamboo, and so forth, wood, bamboo and other wooden source materials are split into fragments along their fibers by water vapor explosion, and such explosive-split fragments are shaped and hardened by adding an adhesive, mortar or expandable resin into a new wooden material such as multi-layered board, cement board or foamed resin board of explosive-split fragments. The explosive-split fragments are also usable in various fields other than fabrication of the new material.

Abstract: In order to inexpensive construction materials effectively utilizing timber resources and realizing any desired properties by using so-called low-quality materials including slim timbers, old timbers, wood cuttings produced by lumbering, bamboo, and so forth, wood, bamboo and other wooden source materials are split into fragments along their fibers by water vapor explosion, and such explosive-split fragments are shaped and hardened by adding an adhesive, mortar or expandable resin into a new wooden material such as multi-layered board, cement board or foamed resin board of explosive-split fragments. The explosive-split fragments are also usable in various fields other than fabrication of the new material.

Abstract: A disk-shaped grindstone including a base disk and an abrasive layer which is bonded to the base disk. The base disk is provided by a rapidly-solidified aluminum alloy whose major component is Si, wherein the rapidly-solidified aluminum alloy includes 15 wt %-40 wt % of the Si, 0.5 wt %-6 wt % of Cu, 0.2 wt %-3 wt % of Mg, and the balance consisting principally of aluminum. The ratio of a tensile strength of the base disk to a specific gravity of the base disk (tensile strength/specific gravity) is not smaller than 90. The ratio of a fatigue strength of the base disk to the specific gravity of the base disk (fatigue strength/specific gravity) is not smaller than 30.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a woody strand cement board, in which a woody group material and cement are combined to form a construction material. The construction material is fire resistant and has a strength comparable to a lumbered raw wood product. The apparatus includes means for finely splitting a fibrous woody material such as wood, bamboo, and reed in a direction parallel to the fiber of the material to obtain pieces of finely split material; a molding frame; and feeders, such as a forming conveyor and swing conveyor, for feeding the pieces to the molding frame to form first and second layers. Mortar is poured on the first and second layers, and pressure is applied to mold and solidify the layers to a semi-hardened state. Two feeders may provide the first and second layers in cross-wise directions.

Abstract: A woody group material and cement are combined to form a construction material. The material has an aggregate of finely split pieces formed by splitting wood, bamboo or the like in a fiber direction. The split pieces are formed in one or more layers and are surrounded by, and buried in, a mortar. A construction material can be provided which is fire resistant and has a strength comparable to a lumbered product such as wood material obtained by cutting raw wood. The finely split pieces of wood, bamboo or the like are very strong and tough because they closely adhere to the mortar. Moreover, it is possible to use a fiber structure of raw material. Since the finely split pieces can use a small diameter wood, lumbering byproducts, and other waste material, it is possible to achieve effective use of forest resources and low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A multi-layered composite building material is provided which allows effective utilization of forest resources by using so-called low quality materials such as small-diameter wood, old wood, pieces of wood produced as byproducts of lumbering, and/or bamboo. The material can meet various requirements and properties, and can be produced at a low cost. In a structural layer, an adhesive agent is applied to a plurality of finely split pieces which are formed by finely splitting a raw material such as wood or bamboo. The finely split pieces are arranging in parallel to a fiber direction. A shock/vibration-absorbing layer is formed by applying an adhesive agent to small pieces of wood and bamboo and the like. Structural layers and shock/vibration-absorbing layers are alternately arranged to provide a multi-layered structure. The structure is press-molded to a predetermined thickness and optionally heated such that the layers are adhered together to produce the composite multi-layered material.