Abstract: Examples of the invention include methods and apparatus for wirelessly transmitting power to a vehicle using electromagnetic radiation. An example apparatus includes a transmitter coil associated with a first metamaterial lens, and a receiver coil associated with a second metamaterial lens, the receiver coil being located within the vehicle. The metamaterial lenses each have a negative magnetic permeability, and are separated by a lens spacing including an air gap. The first and second metamaterial lenses (and the lens spacing) act cooperatively to focus the electromagnetic radiation from the transmitter coil on the receiver coil.

Abstract: Anisotropic thermal energy guiding shells and methods for fabricating thermal energy guiding shells are provided. An anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell includes an interior volume defined within the anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell, a plurality of thermally conductive fibers, and at least one component attachment region. The plurality of thermally conductive fibers are arranged to guide thermal energy received by the anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell non-uniformly relative to the at least one component attachment region according to a thermal energy management objective. A method for fabricating a thermal energy guiding shell includes forming a composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers, impregnating the composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers with a resin, curing the impregnated composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers, and forming the impregnated composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers into the thermal energy guiding shell.

Abstract: Power electronics devices having thermal stress reduction elements are disclosed. A power electronics device includes a heat source having a heat source perimeter, a first conduction member coupled to the heat source, and a substrate coupled to the first conduction member. The first conduction member includes a support portion that extends to at least the heat source perimeter and a plurality of finger portions extending from the support portion and separated from one another by web regions, where the plurality of finger portions have a finger thickness that is greater than a web thickness of the web regions.

Abstract: An ion-exchange membrane method electrolytic cell comprising a coil cushion arranged between a conductive plate and a cathode in a cathode chamber, and further an ion-exchange membrane arranged in contact with the cathode. The conductive plate is not perforated, and the coil cushion is arranged so that its axial direction is in agreement with the vertical direction of electrolytic cell. Preferably the coil cushion is made of a metal coil and has an impact resilience of 7-17 kPa. The cathode preferably has supported electrode catalyst and is made of an expanded metal with strands of 0.1-1.0 mm width and 0.1-1.0 mm thickness, and having SW of 0.5-5.0 mm and LW of 1.0-10 mm, and 48-60% open area. The electrolytic cell is energy-saving, and damage thereof can be avoided over a long period, and elevation of voltage and reduction of current efficiency with time can be minimized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a glycoprotein, the method including the steps of: introducing a gene encoding a desired protein and a gene encoding an antibody that inhibits a decomposing enzyme preventing formation of a desired complex-type sugar chain in the desired protein into an insect organism or insect cells; and obtaining a desired protein having a desired complex-type sugar chain from the insect organism or insect cells obtained in the introduction step.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes an insulator substrate, an electrical conductor at least partially embedded in the insulator substrate, and a thermal conductor at least partially embedded in the insulator substrate. The printed wiring board also includes a temperature-insensitive component mounting region and a temperature-sensitive component mounting region. The insulator substrate and the thermal conductor are arranged into a targeted heat transfer region proximate to the temperature-sensitive component mounting region and a bulk region at positions spaced apart from the temperature-sensitive component mounting region.

Abstract: A method of controlling discharge in a battery pack, including: measuring an ambient temperature of a battery cell and a voltage of the battery cell; a first discharge processing of discharging the battery cell until the voltage of the battery cell becomes a second voltage lower than a first voltage when the ambient temperature is higher than a first predetermined temperature and the voltage of the battery cell is higher than the first voltage; and a second discharge processing of discharging the battery cell until the voltage of the electrical battery cell becomes a fourth voltage lower than a third voltage when the ambient temperature is lower than the first predetermined temperature and the voltage of the battery cell is higher than the third voltage.

Abstract: A radar apparatus that focuses a subset of transmit beams within a field of view (FOV) is provided. The radar apparatus has a phased array transmitter that is operable to generate a transmit beam within the FOV, and a phased array receiver that is operable to receive a receive beam reflected from within the FOV. The apparatus also has a radar controller with an electronic circuit and electronic memory, the electronic memory having a plurality of pre-calculated beam density curves. The radar controller is operable to execute each of the plurality of pre-calculated beam density curves and steer at least one transmit beam generated from a particular executed beam density curve towards a sub-area of the FOV.

Abstract: Circuit boards and computer-implemented methods for designing circuit boards are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of designing a circuit board having an insulator substrate includes determining, by a computer, a plurality of thermal conductor traces that is arranged to direct heat flux generated by a heat generating component away from a temperature sensitive component, and determining a plurality of electrical connection traces based on an input schematic. At least a portion of the plurality of electrical connection traces incorporate at least a portion of the plurality of thermal conductor traces to define a conductive trace pattern that electrically connects pins of two or more components located on the substrate. The conductive trace pattern includes the plurality of thermal conductor traces and the plurality of electrical connection traces. Disruption of the plurality of thermal conductor traces is avoided while determining the plurality of electrical connection traces.

Abstract: Heat transfer management apparatuses are disclosed. In one embodiment, a heat transfer management apparatus includes a composite lamina having an insulator substrate and a plurality of thermal conductor traces coupled to the insulator substrate. The plurality of thermal conductor traces are arranged into a first enhanced thermal conduction region and a second enhanced thermal conduction region. The heat transfer management apparatus also includes a heat generating component mount and a temperature sensitive component mount in electrical continuity with the heat generating component mount, where a shielding path projection extends from the heat generating component mount towards the temperature sensitive component mount, and at least one of the thermal conductor traces is transverse to the shielding path projection between the heat generating component mount and the temperature sensitive component mount to steer heat flux away from the temperature sensitive component mount.

Abstract: Heat transfer management apparatuses are disclosed. In one embodiment, a heat transfer management apparatus includes a composite lamina having an insulator substrate and a plurality of thermal conductor traces coupled to the insulator substrate, where the plurality of thermal conductor traces are arranged into a first enhanced thermal conduction region and a second enhanced thermal conduction region. The heat transfer management apparatus also includes a heat generating component mount coupled to the composite lamina and a temperature sensitive component mount coupled to the composite lamina and positioned distally from the heat generating component mount.

Abstract: Anisotropic thermal energy guiding shells and methods for fabricating thermal energy guiding shells are provided. An anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell includes an interior volume defined within the anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell, a plurality of thermally conductive fibers, and at least one component attachment region. The plurality of thermally conductive fibers are arranged to guide thermal energy received by the anisotropic thermal energy guiding shell non-uniformly relative to the at least one component attachment region according to a thermal energy management objective. A method for fabricating a thermal energy guiding shell includes forming a composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers, impregnating the composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers with a resin, curing the impregnated composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers, and forming the impregnated composite fabric of thermally conductive fibers into the thermal energy guiding shell.

Abstract: A waveguide pathway and a phased-array device utilizing the waveguide pathway are provided. The waveguide pathway comprises a two-dimensional array of homogeneous unit cells. Each unit cell includes a branch point leading to two waveguide branches. Each waveguide branch passes through a positive phase shift element and a negative phase shift element, in series, and with each waveguide branch passing through the two phase shift elements in opposite order relative to the other waveguide branch. Each unit cell additionally includes a convergence point where the two waveguide branches converge. The wavepath grid and the phased-array device are capable of producing output channels with linear, asymmetrical phase distribution but with symmetrical power distribution without employing amplifiers. The phased-array device can be tuned with single-channel or dual-channel control.

Abstract: A waveguide pathway and a phased-array device utilizing the waveguide pathway are provided. The waveguide pathway comprises a two-dimensional array of homogeneous unit cells. Each unit cell includes a branch point leading to two waveguide branches. Each waveguide branch passes through a positive phase shift element and a negative phase shift element, in series, and with each waveguide branch passing through the two phase shift elements in opposite order relative to the other waveguide branch. Each unit cell additionally includes a convergence point where the two waveguide branches converge. The wavepath grid and the phased-array device are capable of producing output channels with linear, asymmetrical phase distribution but with symmetrical power distribution without employing amplifiers. The phased-array device can be tuned with single-channel or dual-channel control.

Abstract: A multi-turn electrical coil and fabrication method uses a plurality of identically constructed flat electrical conductors, alternating ones of which carry an electrically insulating material layer on one major surface. The bare conductors and the insulated conductors are alternatingly stacked about mounting posts in partially overlapped and partially laterally offset pairs of conductors, with each conductor in each conductor pair reoriented relative to the other conductor in the respective conductive pair, and alternating conductor pairs reoriented relative to adjacent conductor pairs, to form a spiral winding turn for the coil.

Abstract: Several embodiments of a circuit device using principles of planar Litz wire construction are disclosed using flexible printed circuit boards on which a given set of conductors is located on one surface only. The FPCBs are folded at strategic locations to effectively cause conductors in adjacent parallel planes to effectively cross one another to realize the advantages of braided Litz wire conductors, but without the use of vias or circuit interconnections between opposite sides of any given FPCB or between different sections of a continuous FPCB wherein each section defines its own coil or coil set.

Abstract: In a solar power generation device concentrating solar light to solar cells by a reflecting mirror and converting solar energy into electric energy, a cooling pipe is arranged above the reflecting mirror, a thermoelectric conversion element is mounted on at least one side surface of the cooling pipe and a solar cell is mounted on an upper surface of the thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: Power electronics modules having solder layers with reduced thermal-stress are disclosed. In one embodiment, a power electronics module includes a power electronics device having a first surface, a second surface, a first edge, and a second edge opposite the first edge. The power electronics device has a device length measured from the first edge to the second edge. A first solder layer is adjacent to the first surface of the power electronics device, and a second solder layer is adjacent to the second surface. The first solder layer and the second solder layer have a maximum thickness T along a length that is less than the device length of the power electronics device. A first thermally conductive layer is adjacent to the first solder layer, and a second thermally conductive layer is adjacent to the second solder layer. In some embodiments, the first and second solder layers have tapered portions.

Abstract: A multi-turn electrical coil and fabrication method uses a plurality of identically constructed flat electrical conductors, alternating ones of which carry an electrically insulating material layer on one major surface. The bare conductors and the insulated conductors are alternatingly stacked about mounting posts in partially overlapped and partially laterally offset pairs of conductors, with each conductor in each conductor pair reoriented relative to the other conductor in the respective conductive pair, and alternating conductor pairs reoriented relative to adjacent conductor pairs, to form a spiral winding turn for the coil.

Abstract: Heat transfer management apparatuses according to the present disclosure includes a composite lamina having an insulator substrate and a thermal conductor at least partially embedded in the insulator substrate, a temperature-sensitive component coupled to the composite lamina, and a temperature-insensitive component coupled to the composite lamina and positioned distally from the temperature-sensitive component. The temperature-insensitive component produces heat during operation. The thermal conductor and the insulator substrate are arranged into a targeted heat transfer region proximate to the temperature-sensitive component and a bulk region proximate to the temperature-insensitive component. The targeted heat transfer region and the bulk region are in thermal continuity with one another.