Abstract: A method of treating an elongated conductive element comprises exposing a conductive element sequentially to at least two dopants being different in composition. The dopants may include an acidic dopant and a halogen-based dopant. The conductive element comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes and has a linear density in a range from about 0.1 tex to about 2.0 tex. The method further comprises mechanically densifying the conductive element. The elongated conductive element comprises at least one carbon nanotube fiber doped with a plurality of p-type dopants comprising at least one acidic dopant and at least one halogen-based dopant. The at least one carbon nanotube fiber has an electrical resistivity equal to or less than about 55 ??·cm and an ultimate tensile strength equal to or greater than about 1 GPa.

Abstract: Removing an asphaltene particle from a substrate includes contacting a silicate nanoparticle with a chemical group to form a functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the chemical group includes a first portion; and a second portion comprising a nonaromatic moiety, the first portion being bonded to the silicate nanoparticle; contacting the asphaltene particle with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the asphaltene particle being disposed on the substrate; interposing the functionalized silicate nanoparticle between the asphaltene particle and the substrate; and separating the asphaltene particle from the substrate with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle to remove the asphaltene particle. A composition includes a functionalized silicate nanoparticle comprising a reaction product of a silicate nanoparticle and a functionalization compound; and a fluid.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate includes dispersing functionalized diamond nanoparticles in a fluid comprising metal ions to form a deposition composition; disposing a portion of the deposition composition over at least a portion of a substrate; and electrochemically depositing a coating over the substrate. The coating comprises the diamond nanoparticles and a metal formed by reduction of the metal ions in the deposition composition.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a well sample for a well treatment additive includes contacting the sample with functionalized metallic nanoparticles that contain metallic nanoparticles functionalized with a functional group including a cyano group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a boronic acid group, an aza group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or a combination including at least one of the foregoing; irradiating the sample contacted with the functionalized metallic nanoparticles with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level; measuring a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample; and determining presence, type or concentration of the well treatment additive in the sample from the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticle. A method of making cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles includes forming an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a gold precursor and glycine, keeping the reaction mixture at about 18° C. to about 50° C. for at least 6 days to provide formation of the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and isolating the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles from the reaction mixture. A method of analyzing a sample, comprising contacting cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles with the sample and performing an analytical method on the sample. A sensor comprises cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutting element includes a substrate and a polycrystalline diamond compact. The substrate comprises a ceramic-metal composite material including hard ceramic particles in a metal matrix. The polycrystalline diamond compact includes interbonded diamond particles. Interstitial material disposed within interstitial spaces between the interbonded diamond particles comprises aluminum and at least one element of the ceramic-metal composite material of the substrate. A method of manufacturing such a PDC cutting element includes forming a mixture including diamond particles and particles of aluminum, and subjecting the mixture and a substrate to a high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) sintering process.

Abstract: A method of removing fines and coarse particles from tailings comprises forming a slurry comprising water and oil sands and separating bitumen from tailings comprising fines and coarse particles. Functionalized nanoparticles each comprising a core of carbon nitride and functionalized with one or more exposed cationic groups are mixed with the tailings. The functionalized nanoparticles and the fines interact to form agglomerates comprising the functionalized nanoparticles and the fines attached to the one or more exposed cationic groups. The agglomerates are removed from the tailings to form an aqueous solution having suspended therein fewer fines and coarse particles than are suspended within the tailings.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material includes a polymer matrix and a plurality of partially coated particles dispersed within the polymer matrix. Each particle of the plurality has a discontinuous coating of metal on a carbon-based material. A method includes dispersing functionalized particles comprising a carbon-based material in a solvent; providing a metal salt in the solvent; and forming a plurality of distinct metal volumes on a surface of the functionalized particles to form partially coated particles. The distinct metal volumes are thermally insulated from other volumes of the plurality. A composition of matter includes a discontinuous coating of metal on a surface of a carbon-based material. The carbon-based material is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide and functionalized carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method of installing a downhole device comprises introducing a downhole device into a wellbore, the downhole device comprising a substrate and a shape memory polymer in a deformed state disposed on the substrate; combining a modified activation material in the form of a powder, a hydrogel, an xerogel, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing with a carrier to provide an activation fluid; introducing the activation fluid into the wellbore; releasing an activation agent in a liquid form from the modified activation material; and contacting the shape memory polymer in the deformed state with the released activation agent in an amount effective to deploy the shape memory polymer.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material includes a polymer matrix and a plurality of partially coated particles dispersed within the polymer matrix. Each particle of the plurality has a discontinuous coating of metal on a carbon-based material. A method includes dispersing functionalized particles comprising a carbon-based material in a solvent; providing a metal salt in the solvent; and forming a plurality of distinct metal volumes on a surface of the functionalized particles to form partially coated particles. The distinct metal volumes are thermally insulated from other volumes of the plurality. A composition of matter includes a discontinuous coating of metal on a surface of a carbon-based material. The carbon-based material is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide and functionalized carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: An elastomer nanocomposite comprises an elastomer comprising a non-functionalized first elastomer and a functionalized second elastomer and a functionalized filler crosslinked with the elastomer, wherein the non-functionalized first elastomer and the functionalized second elastomer are independently an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber; a nitrile butadiene rubber; a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber; a butadiene rubber; a styrene-butadiene rubber; an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber; an acrylate-butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; a polyisoprene rubber; a polychloroprene rubber; an ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber; a polypropylene oxide rubber; a polypropylene sulfide rubber; a fluoroelastomer; a perfluoroelastomer; a polyurethane rubber, or a functionalized derivative thereof.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: An energy storage device including a first electrode comprising lithium, a second electrode comprising a metal diboride, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and providing a conductive pathway for lithium ions to move to and from the first electrode and the second electrode, and a separator within the electrolyte and between the first electrode and the second electrode. A method of forming an energy storage device including forming a first electrode to include lithium, forming a second electrode to include a metal diboride, disposing an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrolyte providing a conductive pathway for lithium ions to move to and from the first electrode and the second electrode, and disposing a separator within the electrolyte and between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A filter membrane includes carbon nanotubes and carbon nitride nanoparticles. Inter-particle atomic interactions between the carbon nanotubes and the carbon nitride nanoparticles bind the carbon nanotubes and the carbon nitride nanoparticles together. A filter cartridge includes such a filter membrane disposed within an outer housing between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet such that fluid passing through the outer housing between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet passes through the filter membrane. Such filter membranes may be formed by dispersing carbon nanotubes and carbon nitride nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension, and passing the suspension through a filter to deposit the nanotubes and nanoparticles on the filter. Liquid may be filtered by causing the liquid to pass through such a filter membrane.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation comprises forming a suspension comprising reactive particles and a carrier fluid. The suspension is introduced into a subterranean formation containing a hydrocarbon material. At least a portion of the reactive particles are exothermically reacted with at least one other material within the subterranean formation to form a treated hydrocarbon material from the hydrocarbon material. The treated hydrocarbon material is extracted from the subterranean formation. An additional method of extracting hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation, and a method of treating a hydrocarbon material within a subterranean formation are also described.

Abstract: A swellable downhole article includes a swellable material and a carbon nitride material. The swellable material may include at least one of an elastomeric material and an absorbent material. The carbon nitride material may remove cations from a downhole fluid. Methods of forming the swellable downhole article are also disclosed, as are methods of forming a carbon nitride containing material for removing contaminants from a fluid.

Abstract: A downhole tool for controlling the flow of a fluid in a wellbore comprises: an annular body having a flow passage therethrough; a frustoconical element disposed about the annular body; a sealing element carried on the annular body and configured to engage a portion of the frustoconical element; and a bottom sub disposed about the annular body; wherein at least one of the frustoconical element and the bottom sub comprise a polymeric composite that includes: a polymer component comprising one or more of the following: a poly(ether ether ketone); or an epoxy, and a filler crosslinked with the polymer component.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation comprises introducing a solution comprising a silicon-containing compound into the subterranean formation. The silicon-containing compound may comprise a terminal group comprising one of an alkanoate group, a fluoroalkanoate group, and a perfluoroalkanoate group, and one or more of an alkoxy group and a chlorine atom bonded to a silicon atom. The method comprises attaching the silicon-containing compound to one or more of formation surfaces of the subterranean formation to form an oleophilic surface on the one or more of the formation surfaces and the surfaces of proppant particles.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating a concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a fluid. A substrate for supporting a sample of the fluid during testing includes a carbon nanotube mat layer, a silver nanowire layer disposed on the carbon nanotube mat layer, and a chemical enhancer layer disposed on the silver nanowire layer. A sample of the fluid is placed on the substrate, and the fluid sample is radiated with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level. A detector measures a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample in response to the electromagnetic radiation. A processor estimates the concentration of MEA in the sample from the Raman spectrum and adds a corrosion inhibitor to the fluid in an amount based on the estimated concentration of MEA to reduce the concentration of MEA in the fluid.