Abstract: A supplement for improving one or more of joint pain, joint health, or inflammation in a healthy mammal. The supplement includes a type II collagen composition, where the type II collagen composition is present in the supplement in an amount sufficient to improve one or more of joint pain, joint health, joint mobility, or inflammation in a healthy mammal that is undergoing or that has undergone physical activity, as compared to the same mammal that has not been administered the supplement.

Abstract: A supplement for improving one or more of endurance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant status in a mammal. The supplement includes a type II collagen composition, where the type II collagen composition is present in the supplement in an amount sufficient to improve endurance of a mammal by about 5% or more as compared to a mammal that has not been administered the supplement, improve lipid metabolism by about 5% or more as compared to a mammal that has not been administered the supplement, and/or decrease oxidative stress by about 5% or more as compared to a mammal that has not been administered the supplement.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method and composition for improving at least one of joint pain, muscle pain, or fitness in healthy mammals. The method and composition include administering a supplement that includes a type II collagen and a SOD enriched supplement to a healthy mammal that is undergoing or has undergone physical activity or intensive physical activity.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of improving at least one of resilience and recovery in healthy mammals undergoing intensive physical activity. The method includes administering a SOD enriched supplement to the healthy mammal during a term of intensive physical activity. The term can be long term or short term, and the mammal can be a healthy trained mammal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to processed animal food and/or treat that includes undenatured type II collagen. The undenatured type II collagen is introduced to the animal food and/or treat prior to processing, and at least 30% or more of the undenatured collagen remains undenatured in the after processing the animal food and/or treat.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to processed food and/or beverage that includes undenatured type II collagen. The undenatured type II collagen is introduced to the food and/or beverage prior to processing, and at least 30% or more of the undenatured collagen remains undenatured in the after processing the food and/or beverage.

Abstract: Methods of improving physical performance and endurance include administering a capsicum composition to a subject. More particularly the methods include administration of an effective amount of a capsicum composition including capsaicinoids alone and/or in combination with other nutrients for improvement in performance of physical activities. The methods described include administration of a capsicum composition to a subject undergoing physical activity to deliver daily dose of capsaicinoids in an effective amount. The methods include administering a capsicum composition to a subject in an effective amount to reduce blood lipids and oxidative stress. Methods for enhancing physical endurance and exhaustion time include administering an effective amount of a capsicum composition to a physically active subject, wherein body antioxidants are increased and muscle lactates are decreased, resulting in recovery from muscle fatigue arising due to such indoor and/or outdoor physical activities.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating, preventing, and improving conditions associated with cardiometabolic syndrome, by identifying a subject in need of treatment, prevention, or improvement of a condition associated with cardiometabolic syndrome, and providing a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising chromium and histidine, chromium histidinate complexes, or combinations thereof, to the individual.

Abstract: Capsicum compositions are described that include biologically active constituents non-capsaicinoids and capsaicinoids in a specific ratio are useful for the treatment and management of cardiometabolic syndrome and associated risk factors, in a subject in need thereof. The capsicum compositions include a capsicum extract which is prepared by extracting capsicum pods by using suitable polar and non-polar solvents. Capsicum compositions include non-capsaicinoid components like saponins and polyphenols such as flavonoids, which along with capsaicinoids effectively reduce risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome and also reduce oxidative stress on vital body organs by reducing inflammatory and/or oxidative markers. The capsicum compositions inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme and enhance lipolysis, when administered in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof. Capsicum compositions as described herein are prepared by human intervention and are safe for consumption.

Abstract: Carotenoid compositions are described for management, treatment, and/or prevention of stress by reducing cortisol levels and/or improving distribution and/or density of macular pigment and thus improving overall health status. More particularly, a subject in need thereof for the method has disturbed macular pigment optical density or increased levels of cortisol as markers of psychological and physiological stress. Methods are also described of administering macular carotenoid compositions in daily doses of at least or about 0.005 mg/kg body weight of lutein, and at least or about 0.001 mg/kg body weight of meso-zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin isomer along with at least one food grade excipient and evaluating overall health status. The composition may be derived from plant extract containing xanthophylls and/or xanthophylls esters. The composition also reduces cortisol levels in the blood and relieves physiological stress, thus improving overall health status of a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Compositions are described that include a betacryptoxanthin extract, rich in trans-betacryptoxanthin, which are prepared by a cost and time effective process and are for use in methods of enhancing cardio-respiratory fitness for physical performance and exercise endurance and to maintain healthy lung function. Betacryptoxanthin extract is prepared by a cost and time effective process of saponification and column chromatography, in which saponification cycle time, solvent amount, column separation time and silica amount are reduced, thus making it industrially viable. Betacryptoxanthin compositions increase exercise time, endurance performance, and lung capacity and maintain healthy lung and cardiovascular function during such physical activities. The compositions also improve physical performance, attenuate muscle fatigue, and enhance aerobic respiration utilization capacity.

Abstract: Methods herein are described for improvement in visual function by administering macular carotenoid compositions containing an effective daily dose, to a subject in need thereof. More particularly, methods herein are described and include use of the compositions herein by identifying a subject in need thereof, administering a daily dose of lutein and/or zeaxanthin isomers, comprised of meso-zeaxanthin and R,R zeaxanthin, alone or in combination thereof, the composition also including at least one food grade excipient, and evaluating visual performance. The subject is exposed to light of variable wavelengths and intensity and is suffering from visual fatigue. The composition improves contrast sensitivity, glare performance, photo stress recovery, and/or macular pigment optical density, and thus alleviates visual fatigue. The composition is safe for human and other animals for consumption and can be used for improvement in visual health in the subject, when administered in an effective amount.

Abstract: Beta-cryptoxanthin compositions and methods are described for the management of cardiometabolic syndrome and associated risk factors, in a subject, in need thereof. Methods herein are directed to identifying such subject at risk of developing cardiometabolic syndrome and administering beta-cryptoxanthin composition to assess the condition of an organ. Compositions and methods herein can effectively reduce risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome, such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and/or related cardiovascular disorders. Beta-cryptoxanthin compositions and methods herein can reduce body weight, body fat, glucose levels, and free fatty acids, when administered in effective amounts. The compositions and methods herein can also reduce oxidative stress on organs such as the eye and liver and/or reduce inflammatory and/or oxidative markers, when administered to subjects in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods of improving physical performance and endurance include administering a capsicum composition to a subject. More particularly the methods include administration of an effective amount of a capsicum composition including capsaicinoids alone and/or in combination with other nutrients for improvement in performance of physical activities. The methods described include administration of a capsicum composition to a subject undergoing physical activity to deliver daily dose of capsaicinoids in an effective amount. The methods include administering a capsicum composition to a subject in an effective amount to reduce blood lipids and oxidative stress. Methods for enhancing physical endurance and exhaustion time include administering an effective amount of a capsicum composition to a physically active subject, wherein body antioxidants are increased and muscle lactates are decreased, resulting in recovery from muscle fatigue arising due to such indoor and/or outdoor physical activities.

Abstract: The methods relate to preventing photoreceptor damage caused by blue light by oral administration of a macular carotenoid composition comprising of lutein and zeaxanthin isomers. The photoreceptor damage is prevented through the upregulation of genes and protein synthesis manifested by an increase in the levels gene expression and proteins synthesis of Gnat1, Rhodopsin, NCAM, Rod arrestin, GAP-43, Nrf2, Ho-1 and decrease in the GFAP, NFkB (oxidative stress markers) in rat eye models exposed to visible blue light for various time periods and simultaneously treated with macular carotenoid compositions comprising of lutein zeaxanthin and their isomers. Methods described herein also relate to treatment of visual stress conditions by administering macular carotenoid compositions for treatment headache, blurred vision, photoreceptor degeneration, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the like, which are caused due to prolonged exposure to blue light source.

Abstract: Curcumin compositions are described for administration to healthy subjects, in need thereof, for improving cardiovascular flow. Curcumin compositions described herein can be administered to a subject in an effective dose of 250 mg to 1000 mg, corresponding to about 50 mg to 200 mg curcuminoids, for improvement of endothelial function and reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Compositions herein include curcumin either alone or curcumin along with at least one excipient to enhance absorption. Compositions herein improve endothelial function in healthy subjects having FMD value of 5-7% or higher and who are not diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Compositions herein also improve cardiovascular endothelial function by reducing vascular resistance and enhancing nitric oxide generation in vascular endothelium.

Abstract: Xanthophyll compositions and their methods of use are described, where the compositions include macular pigments as lutein and/or zeaxanthin isomers, and where they are administered in an effective amount for skin lightening and/or improving overall skin tone and/or health in a subject in need thereof. Methods for treatment are described for improvement and/or protection of skin from effects of light rays of variable intensity and/or wavelength on skin tone and/or skin health. Methods herein include administering a xanthophyll composition for skin lightening and/or improving skin tone and/or overall skin health, and to block the melanin pathway and formation of melanin in melanocytes. The compositions and their administration exhibit increased Individual Typological Angle and minimum erythemal dose, which results in rapid skin lightening.

Abstract: A method for protection, treatment and improvement of liver health includes administering a meso-zeaxanthin composition in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof. In particular, methods are described of administering a meso-zexanthin composition to a subject fed with high fat diet (HFD), and studying the effect of meso-zeaxanthin for treatment of fatty liver condition, through evaluation of various parameters such as biochemical indicators, anti-inflammatory markers, and nutritional markers.

Abstract: A Salacia composition described herein significantly reduces appetite, activates Hormone Sensitive Lipase, and manages a healthy lipid profile through inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme. Salacia compositions described herein include of at least 12% of polyphenols, 2% of mangiferin and 1% of 25,26-oxidofriedelane-1,3-dione by weight of the composition in the form of extract. The composition is obtained by continuous solvent extraction, employing non-aqueous food grade solvents. Salacia compositions herein reduce appetite by about 18% of routine diet, when effective amounts are administered to a subject in need thereof. Effective management of a healthy lipid profile is thus possible with synergistic combination of reduction in energy intake, activation of Hormone Sensitive Lipase, and inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme responsible for cholesterol metabolism.

Abstract: Curcumin compositions herein are described for improving muscle performance, endurance capacity and resistance to fatigue, when administered in effective amounts to a subject in need of such improvement. The compositions are comprised of curcumin and at least one pharmaceutically and/or nutraceutically acceptable excipient such as a hydrophilic carrier and exhibit enhanced bioavailability. More particularly methods are described and include use of curcumin compositions to increase exercise time, performance and capacity and to prevent muscle soreness, fatigue and injury. The compositions enhance mitochondrial biogenesis by modulating mitochondrial function, increasing mitochondrial mass and oxygen consumption, thus increasing mitochondrial aerobic capacity. The compositions reduce oxidative muscle stress, by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers.