Abstract: A light-directing device adapted for directing light emitted by a light source. The light-directing device includes a light-guiding plate and a directing unit that is disposed adjacent to the light-guiding plate such that a portion of the light emitted by the light source into the light-guiding plate is internally reflected by a first inclined surface thereof to exit the light-guiding plate toward an illuminating region, and another portion of the light emitted by the light source passes through the light-guiding plate, enters the directing unit and is internally reflected by a second inclined surface thereof to exit the directing unit toward the illuminating region.

Abstract: A light guide element for controlling light shape includes a light-incident surface, a light-emitting surface, a first reflecting surface, and a second reflecting surface. The light-incident surface includes a first outer peripheral edge and a first inner peripheral edge. The light-emitting surface includes a second outer peripheral edge and a second inner peripheral edge. The first reflecting surface is constructed by a first profile curve, and connects the first and the second outer peripheral edge. The first profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first outer peripheral edge and the second outer peripheral edge. The second reflecting surface is constructed by a second profile curve, and connects the first and the second inner peripheral edge. The second profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first inner peripheral edge and the second inner peripheral edge.

Abstract: A light guide element and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lighting fixture are described. The light guide element includes a light guide body, a plurality of first and second microstructures corresponding to each other. The light guide body includes a first and a second light-emitting surface opposite to and parallel to each other. The first and second microstructures are respectively disposed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces by a first arrangement rule based on a first datum line and a second arrangement rule based on a second datum line. The first datum line is different from the second datum line. In a normal direction of the first light-emitting surface, each second microstructure laps over the corresponding first microstructure in part. When an incident light enters the light guide body, a first and a second mesh patterns are respectively formed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces.

Abstract: A financial transaction system is provided. The financial transaction system includes a server and at least one automated teller machine (ATM). In response to a request from a user, the server issues a one-time password (OTP) to the user's mobile device. The ATM receives an OTP from the user and sends the received OTP to the server for verification, in order to perform a financial transaction operation.

Abstract: A method for forming spacers of different sizes includes the following steps. First a substrate is provided, which has a first element, a second element, a first material layer and a second material layer thereon. A first dry etching is performed to remove part of the second material layer to form a first spacer by the first element and to form a second side wall by the second element, so that the first material layer between the first spacer and the second side wall is exposed to become a damaged first material layer. A trimming procedure is performed to trim the damaged first material layer. A mask is used to cover the first element, the first spacer and part of the first material layer then a wet etching is performed to remove the second side wall.

Abstract: A method for forming spacers of different sizes includes the following steps. First a substrate is provided, which has a first element, a second element, a first material layer and a second material layer thereon. A first dry etching is performed to remove part of the second material layer to form a first spacer by the first element and to form a second side wall by the second element, so that the first material layer between the first spacer and the second side wall is exposed to become a damaged first material layer. A trimming procedure is performed to trim the damaged first material layer. A mask is used to cover the first element, the first spacer and part of the first material layer then a wet etching is performed to remove the second side wall.