Abstract: Living plants and animals synthesize and often accumulate a wide variety of organic materials having a molecular weight greater than 150. These include different chemical types such as natural hydrocarbons including rubbery substances, natural resins, and natural glycerides such as oils and fats. These substances, formed in the anabolic process, are collectively called "anabolites".This invention provides a process for catalytically converting certain anabolites to liquid hydrocarbons useful for the manufacture of fuels such as gasoline and chemicals such as para-xylene. Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites having an effective pore size of greater than about 5 Angstrom units are useful catalysts.

Abstract: The conversion of less than 1 H.sub.2 /CO ratio syngas to high yield of C.sub.3 plus product is accomplished with a CO reducing catalyst comprising shift characteristics and the product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is converted to premium gasoline and distillate fuels by contact with acidic ZSM-5 zeolite.The syngas conversion may be accomplished in any catalyst system permitting a very close temperature control on the exotherm encountered and the gasoline-distillate yield relationship may be varied as a function of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A process for effecting an endothermic and an exothermic reaction, under conversion conditions, in a single reaction zone wherein ethane is endothermically converted to C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons, and wherein an unconverted portion of ethane is simultaneously exothermically hydrogenated to methane in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a uniform structure characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and ZSM-5 type aluminosilicate zeolite, containing a minor amount of Zn in combination with a Group VIII noble metal or a Group IB metal, the exothermic reaction providing sufficient heat to maintain the reaction zone at a temperature capable of sustaining the endothermic reaction.

Abstract: In the conversion of coal to gaseous and liquid products, the heat value of the coal is more completely retained by the products through the selective high efficiency conversion of coal to a low ratio syngas utilizing a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch generated heat recovered as steam, conversion of the low ratio syngas with a water gas shift F-T catalyst to a product comprising C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbons and oxygenates, converting the F-T product to premium gas and increased liquid fuels comprising gasoline and distillate with a special zeolite catalyst and recovering the SNG and LPG products of the selective steps to provide an improved product slate. A portion of the produced fuel gas is used in lieu of coal to provide some of the heat energy requirements of the combination process.

Abstract: A catalytic heat balanced cyclic process is provided for converting a charge consisting essentially of methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof to a hydrocarbon product rich in ethylene and propylene by contact, under specified conditions of temperature and contact time, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and the capability, under such conditions, of producing less than about 20 weight percent methane in said hydrocarbon product, regenerating the catalyst so employed at a temperature between about 1200.degree. and about 1400.degree. F. to remove accumulated carbonaceous deposit therefrom and provide a source of hot regenerated catalyst for further contact, under controlled temperature conditions, with said charge.

Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.

Abstract: A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted in a first reactor with an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst such as potassium promoted iron under special conditions and the total products from said contact are then converted in a second reactor containing HZSM-5 to obtain either a highly olefinic or highly aromatic product depending on reaction conditions.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for isomerizing an isomerization feed containing an aromatic C.sub.8 mixture of ethylbenzene and xylene in which the para-xylene content is less than equilibrium which comprises contacting said feed, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a crystal size of at least about 1 micron, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 to yield an isomerization product characterized by a reduced ethylbenzene content and an enhanced para-xylene content.

Abstract: A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted with a mixture comprising an element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium and osmium carbon monoxide reduction catalyst and a crystalline alumino-silicate providing a pore dimension greater than about 5 Angstroms and a constraint index in the range of 1 to 12 to produce hydrocarbon mixtures useful in forming gasoline boiling range products, aromatic rich hydrocarbons, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.

Abstract: A process is provided for alkylation or transalkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting same with an alkylating or transalkylating agent in a reaction zone maintained under alkylation/transalkylation effective conditions and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite ZSM-35 and/or ZSM-38, said catalyst under said conditions being capable of affording a high and selective yield of desired alkyl-aromatic product while maintaining excellent aging properties.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the selective production of para dialkyl substituted benzenes containing alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, typified by para-xylene, by contacting, under conversion conditions, a hydrocarbon precursor selected from the group consisting of mono alkyl-substituted benzenes having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent, e.g., toluene, ethyl benzene, propyl benzene, or butyl benzene; a C.sub.2 -C.sub.15 olefin and a C.sub.3 -C.sub.60 paraffin, or mixtures thereof including mixtures of benzene with at least one of the aforementioned olefins or paraffins with a zeolite-containing catalyst characterized by a xylene sorption capacity greater than 1 gram/100 grams of zeolite and an ortho xylene sorption time for 30 percent of said capacity of greater than 10 minutes, said sorption capacity and sorption time being measured at 120.degree. C and a xylene pressure of 4.5 .+-.0.8 mm.

Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.

Abstract: Ethane is converted to LPG and gasoline and/or aromatics concentrate in a combination process which comprises directly passing olefin effluent from the thermal cracking of ethane over a special crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-5 type and recovering aromatics and C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons. For best yields, the thermal cracking step is conducted under more severe conditions than are used when ethylene production is optimized. The second, olefin conversion step is carried out at either the same pressure as the cracking step or higher. The process is of particular interest where low cost ethane is available.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of oxygenated compounds, more specifically aldehydes and alcohols, by reacting an olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of, as a catalyst, an insoluble polymer containing a functional group, which may be an amine, thiol, phosphine, or arsine group, having chemically bonded thereto a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The metal can be, for example, rhodium, cobalt, or ruthenium. The olefin can contain more than one carbon-to-carbon double bond, may be an open chain or a cyclic olefin, and may be substituted. Further, the olefin may be contained in a refinery stream such as a cracked gasoline. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a polar solvent.

Abstract: High severity catalytic conversion of olefinic naphthas which contain diolefins is conducted over special catalysts to yield a product stream which contains little or no non-aromatics boiling in the range of benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalysts are combinations of zinc and a metal of Groups I B and VIII of the Periodic Table with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12 and a constraint index not less than one nor greater than 12.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the selective production of para-xylene by disproportionation of toluene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12, which catalyst has undergone controlled precoking, i.e. selectivation, by exposing the same to a thermally decomposable organic compound at a temperature in excess of the decomposition temperature of said compound, generally greater than 1000.degree. F., but less than about 1200.degree. F., at a hydrogen to organic compound mole ratio between 0 and 1 to deposit at least about 2 weight percent coke thereon and thereafter contacting toluene with the resulting coke-containing catalyst under disproportionation conditions including a temperature between about 800.degree. F. and 1025.degree. F., and preferably between about 825.degree. F. and 1000.degree. F.

Abstract: The use of titania, zirconia, coprecipitated titania-zirconia or caustic on an inert solid inorganic support such as alumina or titania-zirconia to decompose formic acid in very dilute aqueous solutions thereof.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of an alcohol by reacting an aldehyde or an acetal with hydrogen in the presence of carbon monoxide, and as a catalyst, an insoluble polymer containing a functional group, which may be an amine, thiol, phosphine, or arsine group, having chemically bonded thereto a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process is provided for alkylation or transalkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting same with an alkylating or transalkylating agent in a reaction zone maintained under alkylation/transalkylation effective conditions and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by a unique X-ray diffraction pattern, said catalyst under said conditions being capable of affording a high and selective yield of desired alkylaromatic product while maintaining excellent aging properties.