Abstract: The invention relates to a method for creating a robot model (17) of an industrial robot (1) which has a robotic arm (2) having a plurality of successive limbs (3-8) which are adjustable by means of drives (11-16) via transmissions (5) in relation to axes (A1-A2), controlled by a control device (10) of the industrial robot (1). According to the invention, the robotic arm (2) is moved in a plurality of poses. At least one of the limbs (4) is moved in the same first movement direction (18) by means of the drive (11) thereof at least upon approaching the individual poses. In order to obtain the robot model (17), the robotic arm (2) is measured at each of the poses thereof.

Abstract: A method according to the invention for operating a manipulator, in particular a robot (1), includes the following steps: determining (S10) parameters (c?, c?) of an exactly positioned manipulator model (M) with various nominal loads (m?, m?); specifying parameters (c) of the manipulator model on the basis of which the manipulator is operated, depending on a payload (m) of the manipulator (S20); and operating the manipulator on the basis of the manipulator model (S30, S40).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for creating a robot model (17) of an industrial robot (1) which has a robotic arm (2) having a plurality of successive limbs (3-8) which are adjustable by means of drives (11-16) via transmissions (5) in relation to axes (A1-A2), controlled by a control device (10) of the industrial robot (1). According to the invention, the robotic arm (2) is moved in a plurality of poses. At least one of the limbs (4) is moved in the same first movement direction (18) by means of the drive (11) thereof at least upon approaching the individual poses. In order to obtain the robot model (17), the robotic arm (2) is measured at each of the poses thereof.

Abstract: A method according to the invention for operating a manipulator, in particular a robot (1), includes the following steps: determining (S10) parameters (c?, c?) of an exactly positioned manipulator model (M) with various nominal loads (m?, m?); specifying parameters (c) of the manipulator model on the basis of which the manipulator is operated, depending on a payload (m) of the manipulator (S20); and operating the manipulator on the basis of the manipulator model (S30, S40).

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process that uses a first processor is provided. The process includes the operation of blocking by the first processor of completion by a second processor of a configuration cycle. The process also includes the operation of selecting by the first processor of one procedure from a plurality of procedures that are associated with respective types of circuitry that may be used to permit the first processor to control a device. The one procedure is associated with one of the respective types of circuitry that is actually available to be used by the first processor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method of this embodiment may include controlling, at least in part, by a first device, whether a first signal line of a second device is coupled to a bus, and whether a second signal line of a third device is coupled to the bus. The method of this embodiment may also include, after the first and second signal lines are coupled to the bus, supplying from the first device to the second and third devices, via the first and second signal lines, one or more signals that, after being received by the second and third devices, may permit, at least in part, at least one of control and configuration by the first device of the second and third devices. Of course, many modifications, variations, and alternatives are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process that uses a first processor is provided. The process includes the operation of blocking by the first processor of completion by a second processor of a configuration cycle. The process also includes the operation of selecting by the first processor of one procedure from a plurality of procedures that are associated with respective types of circuitry that may be used to permit the first processor to control a device. The one procedure is associated with one of the respective types of circuitry that is actually available to be used by the first processor.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process that uses a first processor is provided. The process includes the operation of blocking by the first processor of completion by a second processor of a configuration cycle. The process also includes the operation of selecting by the first processor of one procedure from a plurality of procedures that are associated with respective types of circuitry that may be used to permit the first processor to control a device. The one procedure is associated with one of the respective types of circuitry that is actually available to be used by the first processor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method of this embodiment may include controlling, at least in part, by a first device, whether a first signal line of a second device is coupled to a bus, and whether a second signal line of a third device is coupled to the bus. The method of this embodiment may also include, after the first and second signal lines are coupled to the bus, supplying from the first device to the second and third devices, via the first and second signal lines, one or more signals that, after being received by the second and third devices, may permit, at least in part, at least one of control and configuration by the first device of the second and third devices. Of course, many modifications, variations, and alternatives are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process that uses a first processor is provided. The process includes the operation of blocking by the first processor of completion by a second processor of a configuration cycle. The process also includes the operation of selecting by the first processor of one procedure from a plurality of procedures that are associated with respective types of circuitry that may be used to permit the first processor to control a device. The one procedure is associated with one of the respective types of circuitry that is actually available to be used by the first processor.

Abstract: A process for the production of a molding from at least one preform, in which process the preform, which has been heated to 330.degree. to 400.degree. C., is pressed by means of a pressure difference which increases slowly during the shaping into or onto a rigid mold heated to about the same temperature, and is then cooled while the pressure difference is maintained and is released from the mold. During the shaping and cooling, the edges of the preform are secured in their original position. The process makes it possible to produce moldings which have a thin wall thickness and a good surface and which exhibit a residual shrinkage which is sufficiently small for most applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for the multi-stage refining of organic bulk materials according to the fluidized bed principle comprising a plurality of horizontally aligned cells (23) including an upper drying chamber (1), a middle degasification chamber (2) and a lower refining chamber (3) separated from each other by an individual gas permeable floor (19) or a gas impermeable floor (20). Adjacent cells are connected to each other by common discharge/charge chutes having vertical separation walls extending therein.

Abstract: Method for the production of liquid products, particularly, tar, from organic bulk materials.The invention relates to a method, whereby in an apparatus in one or a multiple of refining stages, organic bulk goods are refined to economically significant base materials, so that they are suitable, either directly or indirectly, for the production of gasifier or diesel fuel.The technical object is to utilize a fluidizing medium, with the help of which it is possible to produce, in a reaction chamber, an increased yield of liquid products, especially tar.According to the invention, the problem is solved by supplying a hydrocarbonaceous gas, especially a gas containing methane and hydrogen, as a fluidizing medium in the individual refining stages, whereby, under the particular refining conditions, there results a decrease of the portion of methane and hydrogen, and a comparative increase of the portion of the liquid product, especially of the portion of tar.

Abstract: The invention relates to films and tubular structures which are selectively permeable to liquids and gases which are based on a copolymer composed of a copolymerized fluorinated olefin, copolymerized vinyl acetate and, optionally, a copolymerized olefin. It is possible for the acetate groups of the copolymer to have been saponified to form OH groups. The films or tubular structures have in each case an inherent, latent capacity for modifying their structure and are at the same time oleophobic and oleophilic. The invention also embraces processes for the preparation of the shaped articles described and processes for modifying their structure. The invention also relates to the use of shaped articles according to the invention.

Abstract: A two-step method and apparatus, according to the fluidized bed principle, for the production of coke, rich gas and pyrolysis tar, with the object of executing the method in a compact apparatus arrangement, with high energy efficiency and high throughput capacity.This is accomplished by a sequence in which the fine grains removed from the drying vapor mixture are removed from the actual pyrolysis process, and a hot gas, alien to the carbonization, is used as fluidization medium in the pyrolysis reactor, and with a hot gas-high performance separator being used for the dust separation from the pyrolysis gas, with the combustion exhaust gas produced in the combustion chamber being used for the indirect heating of the fluidization medium, for the pre-heating of the gas, which is alien to the carbonization, and for the direct heating in the dryer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molded articles of an open-cell structure, containing a copolymer which is comprised of copolymerized, fluorinated olefin, copolymerized vinyl acetate and optionally copolymerized olefin, the acetate groups of the copolymer being optionally saponified into OH groups. The molded articles possess an inherent latent structural convertibility and have effective pores of a diameter in the range from 0.002 to 10 .mu.m. The invention further includes processes for the preparation of the specified molded articles and processes for converting their structure. The invention also relates to several uses of molded articles according to the invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for stuffing a shirred tubular casing with a fluid material such as a sausage composition or pieces of ham comprising a stuffing horn having an aperture through which the fluid material is forced under pressure into the casing, a device located on the periphery of the stuffing horn and within the interior of the casing for smoothing and expanding the casing, the device comprising at least two disk-shaped planar bodies, at least one of which is rotatable in a plane parallel to and/or shiftable perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stuffing horn, the outer circumference of each planar body being smaller than the inner circumference of the tubular casing, whereby the projection of the cross-sectional surfaces of the planar bodies in the direction of the longitudinal axis upon rotating or shifting of the bodies results in a total surface having a greater circumference than the inner circumference of the tubular casing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molded articles of an open-cell structure, containing a copolymer which is comprised of copolymerized, fluorinated olefin, copolymerized vinyl acetate and optionally copolymerized olefin, the acetate groups of the copolymer being optionally saponified into OH groups. The molded articles possess an inherent latent structural convertibility and have effective pores of a diameter in the range from 0.002 to 10 .mu.m. The invention further includes processes for the preparation of the specified molded articles and processes for converting their structure. The invention also relates to several uses of molded articles according to the invention.

Abstract: A device for deshirring, smoothing and braking a shirred tubular casing during stuffing of the tubular casing with a fluid material, such as a sausage mixture, comprising a substantially rigid hollow body with an outer circumferential surface having a substantially circular cross section and with a central opening having securing elements for receiving and releasably securing the hollow body on the outer surface of the stuffing horn of a stuffing device adjacent the stuffing horn outlet. The hollow body is disposed inside an unshirred end portion of the shirred tubular casing having a prescribed inner diameter, and said hollow body has a substantially annular, cylindrical form with a maximum external diameter which is smaller than the prescribed inner diameter of the unshirred tubular casing.

Abstract: A visual information carrier comprising a single layer sheet of transparent synthetic polymer having dispersed therein a fluorescent dye. The sheet is not subject to white fracture and has profilings on at least one surface, which are produced by deformation of the sheet and which form visually perceivable, colored information.