Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) block copolymer that includes: a first segment including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1A, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1B, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1C, or a combination thereof; and a second segment including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2:

Abstract: A draw solute includes a water-soluble alkyl ammonium salt compound, the water-soluble alkyl ammonium salt compound including an ionic moiety and at least two ammonium cationic moieties, the ionic moiety including an anion selected from a carbonate anion (COO?), a sulfonate anion (SO3?), a sulfate anion (SO42?), a phosphonate anion (PO32?), and a phosphate anion (PO43?), and a cation selected from an alkali metal cation and an alkaline earth metal cation.

Abstract: A composition for a polarization film including a polyolefin component including polypropylene and a polyethylene-polypropylene copolymer; and a dichroic dye.

Abstract: A draw solute including an oligomer having an amino acid repeating unit with an ionic moiety and a counter ion thereof, and a forward osmosis water treatment device and method using the same are provided.

Abstract: A retardation film including: a first optical anisotropic layer including a polymer material; and a second optical anisotropic layer including a liquid crystal material, in which the first optical anisotropic layer has refractive indices which satisfy the following inequation: nz1?nx1>ny1, the second optical anisotropic layer has refractive indices which satisfy the following inequation: nx2>ny2?nz2, a fast axis of the first optical anisotropic layer and a slow axis of the second optical anisotropic layer form a predetermined angle such that refractive indices of the retardation film satisfy the following inequation: 0<(nx0?nz0)/(nx0?ny0)<1, and in-plane retardation values (Re0) of the retardation film respectively at a wavelength of about 450 nanometers, 550 nanometers and 650 nanometers satisfy the following inequation: Re0 (450 nm)<Re0 (550 nm)<Re0 (650 nm).

Abstract: A polymer for an optical film including: a repeating unit A including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a repeating unit B derived from a monomer including an unsaturated bond copolymerizable with the repeating unit A: wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, the variables R1 to R9 are defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer comprising a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, or a polymer comprising a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2: wherein R1, R2, x and y are as defined herein.

Abstract: An optical film includes: a polarization layer; a first phase retardation layer having an optic axis at an angle in a range from about 17 degrees to about 27 degrees or from about ?27 degrees to about ?17 degrees with respect to a transmission axis of the polarization layer; and a second phase retardation layer having an optic axis at an angle in a range from about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees with respect to the transmission axis of the polarization layer. The polarization layer, the first phase retardation layer, and the second phase retardation layer are deposited in sequence, the first phase retardation layer is a half-wave plate, the second phase retardation layer is a quarter-wave plate, and out-of-plane retardation values of the first phase retardation layer and the second phase retardation layer for incident light having the standard wavelength have opposite signs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display which includes a first display panel including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second display panel facing the first display panel, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first display panel and the second display panel, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel. The second display panel includes a light emitting element displaying a color, an insulating layer disposed on the light emitting element and including a rubbed surface, a polarization layer disposed on the insulating layer and opposite to the light emitting element with respect to the insulating layer, and a common electrode disposed on the polarization layer and facing the pixel electrode.

Abstract: Image sensors include three-dimensional (3D) color image sensors having an array of sensor pixels therein. A 3-D color image sensor may include a 3-D image sensor pixel having a plurality of color sensors and a depth sensor therein. The plurality of color sensors may include red, green and blue sensors extending adjacent the depth sensor. A rejection filter is also provided. This rejection filter, which extends opposite a light receiving surface of the 3-D image sensor pixel, is configured to be selectively transparent to visible and near-infrared light relative to far-infrared light. The depth sensor may also include an infrared filter that is selectively transparent to near-infrared light having wavelengths greater than about 700 nm relative to visible light.

Abstract: A polymer for an optical film that includes a repeating unit A including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a repeating unit B including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, wherein R1 to R8, n1 and n2, are defined herein.

Abstract: A polymer for an optical film including: a repeating unit A including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a repeating unit B derived from a monomer including an unsaturated bond copolymerizable with the repeating unit A: wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, the variables R1 to R9 are defined herein.

Abstract: A paste composition comprises a dye containing a novel oligomeric compound with improved dispersion performance. The oligomeric compound comprises a tail structure consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks and an amine or imidazole head structure. The paste composition can be used to prepare a semiconductor electrode of a solar cell. A semiconductor electrode produced using the paste composition and a solar cell fabricated using the semiconductor electrode exhibit greatly improved power conversion efficiency and superior processability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display which includes a first display panel including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second display panel facing the first display panel, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first display panel and the second display panel, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel. The second display panel includes a light emitting element displaying a color, an insulating layer disposed on the light emitting element and including a rubbed surface, a polarization layer disposed on the insulating layer and opposite to the light emitting element with respect to the insulating layer, and a common electrode disposed on the polarization layer and facing the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) block copolymer that includes: a first segment including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1A, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1B, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1C, or a combination thereof; and a second segment including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2:

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display which includes a first display panel including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second display panel facing the first display panel, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first display panel and the second display panel, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel. The second display panel includes a light emitting element displaying a color, an insulating layer disposed on the light emitting element and including a rubbed surface, a polarization layer disposed on the insulating layer and opposite to the light emitting element with respect to the insulating layer, and a common electrode disposed on the polarization layer and facing the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A photoreceptive layer including heterogeneous dyes is provided. The dye fill density is enhanced and light absorption is achieved at a broad wavelength range, which enables the beneficial utilization of the photoreceptive layer in a dye-sensitized solar cell.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor anode including: a metal oxide semiconductor formed on a conductive substrate; a dye formed on a surface of the metal oxide semiconductor; and a polymer self-assembled on a surface of the metal oxide semiconductor. Provided are also a dye-sensitized solar cell, a method of manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell, and a polymer composition used for the method of manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes an organic material-incorporated metal oxide semiconductor. Therefore, the transfer of electrons in the semiconductor to an electrolyte can be prevented, thereby increasing photocurrent and photovoltage, resulting in enhancement in energy conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A composition for a polarization film including a polyolefin component including polypropylene and a polyethylene-polypropylene copolymer; and a dichroic dye.

Abstract: Provided are hydrophobic layer formed by polymer represented by Formula 1 below and has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 500,000 g/mol, hydrophobic layer including the polymer and an electronic articles including the hydrophobic layer: wherein Q1, and Q2 are independently linear or branched C1-C10 alkylene groups, R1 and R2 are independently ether and/or ester containing substituents, R3 to R7 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an amino group, a C1-C10 alkyl group and a C6-C12 aryl group; and the ratio of a:b+c is from 10:1 to 1:1,000. A coated electronic article comprising the hydrophobic layer and a method of forming the coated electronic article are also provided.