Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode and including lithium ions. The anode includes a graphene framework film including interconnected graphene sheets, and the graphene framework film has a specific surface area of 600 m2 g?1 or more.

Abstract: An electronic or optoelectronic device includes: (1) a layer of a first material; and (2) a layer of a second material disposed on the layer of the first material, wherein the first material is different from the second material, and the layer of the first material is spaced from the layer of the second material by a gap.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes: (1) providing M-M? nanowires, wherein M? is at least one sacrificial metal different from M; and (2) subjecting the M-M? nanowires to electrochemical de-alloying to form jagged M nanowires.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalyst materials comprising a catalyst support; and PtM? nanowires affixed to the catalyst support, wherein the PtM? nanowires include single atomic species of M? at exterior surfaces of the PtM? nanowires, and M? represents at least one metal, e.g., a metal different from Pt. Also disclosed are manufacturing methods comprising: providing initial MM? nanowires having an initial molar ratio of M:M?, wherein M is a noble metal, and M? is a metal different from M; subjecting the initial MM? nanowires to electrochemical dealloying to partially remove M? and form partially dealloyed MM? nanowires having a subsequent molar ratio of M:M?, wherein the subsequent molar ratio of M:M? is greater than the initial molar ratio of M:M?; and affixing the partially dealloyed MM? nanowires to a catalyst support.

Abstract: Electrochemical catalysts for the reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbons, such as ethylene, include Cu nanowires, wherein the Cu nanowires include a stepped surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are materials and fabrication processes of such supercapacitors. In some embodiments, an electrochemical system comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide framework.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a suction-based tool for positioning an intraocular implant includes a tool body defining an internal channel; a suction extension extending through the internal channel; and a suction attachment connected to an end of the suction extension. In additional embodiments, a suction-based tool for positioning an intraocular implant includes: a tool body including a tool tip; a joint at an end of the tool tip; and a suction attachment connected to the tool tip via the joint.

Abstract: A ceramic aerogel includes a porous framework including interconnected double-paned wall structures of a ceramic material, wherein each double-paned wall structure includes a pair of walls spaced apart by a gap.

Abstract: An electrode material includes: (1) a catalyst support; and (2) PtNiN-M nanostructures affixed to the catalyst support, wherein N is a transition metal selected from Group 9 and Group 11 of the Periodic Table, and M is a transition metal selected from Group 5 and Group 6 of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode and including lithium ions. The anode includes a graphene framework film including interconnected graphene sheets, and the graphene framework film has a specific surface area of 600 m2 g?1 or more.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode material includes: (1) loading an electrochemically active material onto graphene sheets; (2) combining the electrochemically active material-loaded graphene sheets with holey graphene oxide sheets to form a mixture; and (3) treating the mixture under reducing conditions to form a composite including a graphene framework loaded with the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode material includes: (1) loading an electrochemically active material onto graphene sheets; (2) combining the electrochemically active material-loaded graphene sheets with holey graphene oxide sheets to form a mixture; and (3) treating the mixture under reducing conditions to form a composite including a graphene framework loaded with the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode and including lithium ions. The anode includes a graphene framework film including interconnected graphene sheets, and the graphene framework film has a specific surface area of 600 m2 g?1 or more.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing all-optically generated, on-chip propagated and high-efficiency tunable plasmons are described. The plasmon generating apparatus includes a graphene based silicon nitride waveguide (GSiNW) utilizing ‘C+L’ band light sources and detectors that take advantage of the surface 2nd nonlinearity on graphene. The optical generation is accomplished via one or more optical communication lasers through the difference-frequency generation process. The THz frequency and intensity is tunable via an external gate voltage. Using such a device the optical to THz conversion may be made at least an order of magnitude more efficient than prior THz sources, and can be used to make chip-scale room-temperature THz sources, switches, modulators and detectors based on graphene.

Abstract: An electronic or optoelectronic device includes: (1) a layer of a first material; and (2) a layer of a second material disposed on the layer of the first material, wherein the first material is different from the second material, and the layer of the first material is spaced from the layer of the second material by a gap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are materials and fabrication processes of such supercapacitors. In some embodiments, an electrochemical system comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide framework.

Abstract: A sensor includes a nanostructure, which includes a domain of a first material and a domain of a second material that covers the domain of the first material. The first material is a plasmonic material, and the second material is a non-linear optical material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are materials and fabrication processes of such supercapacitors. In some embodiments, an electrochemical system comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide framework.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor includes a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte disposed between the pair of electrodes. At least a first electrode of the pair of electrodes includes a graphene framework film, and the graphene framework film includes interconnected graphene sheets with nanopores formed in the graphene sheets.

Abstract: A method of forming a graphene-based material includes: (1) treating a mixture including an etchant and graphene oxide sheets to yield formation of holey graphene oxide sheets; (2) dispersing the holey graphene oxide sheets in a re-dispersal solvent to yield a holey graphene oxide dispersion including the holey graphene oxide sheets; and (3) treating the holey graphene oxide dispersion under reducing conditions to yield self-assembly of the holey graphene oxide sheets into a graphene-based material.