Abstract: A core-shell nanoparticle is provided. The core-shell nanoparticle has a core comprising a metal fluoride doped with a first sensitizer and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell comprises a first layer comprising the metal fluoride doped with a second sensitizer and a first activator, and a second layer comprising the metal fluoride doped with a third sensitizer and a second activator, wherein the first activator and the second activator are different, and each is independently selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Ho3+, and combinations thereof. A method of generating an optical signal using the core-shell nanoparticle and a method of preparing the core-shell nanoparticle is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detection device for a cassette comprising at least one supporting unit, each supporting unit comprising a plurality of supporting brackets which constitute a supporting plane, wherein the detection device comprises a sensing mechanism for detecting whether position of each of the supporting brackets in each supporting unit is within a predetermined range. In the present invention, through detecting positions of the supporting brackets in the cassette, and then judging whether the positions of the supporting brackets in each supporting unit are in a preset range, a supporting unit in which there is one or more bracket supporting brackets whose positions are not in the preset range can be maintained in time, and therefore, damage to the glass substrate due to large error in positions of the supporting brackets can be prevented.

Abstract: A core-shell nanoparticle is provided. The core-shell nanoparticle has a core comprising a metal fluoride doped with a first sensitizer and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell comprises a first layer comprising the metal fluoride doped with a second sensitizer and a first activator, and a second layer comprising the metal fluoride doped with a third sensitizer and a second activator, wherein the first activator and the second activator are different, and each is independently selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Ho3+, and combinations thereof. A method of generating an optical signal using the core-shell nanoparticle and a method of preparing the core-shell nanoparticle is also provided.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining a traffic forwarding path and a communications system are provided that belong to the field of communications technologies. The method includes acquiring, by a first network node, link quality information of each link in a first autonomous system, the link quality information of each link includes an individual link quality index of each link, or, the link quality information of each link includes an index reference value calculated according to the individual link quality index of each link, where the link quality index includes one or more dynamic link quality indexes; and determining, according to the currently acquired link quality information of each link in the first autonomous system, a path used by the first network node to forward traffic to each second network node. The present invention has relatively good network adaptability.

Abstract: A kind of temperature controlling device of heating element and method thereof detect the actual temperature of heating body of the heating element, and calculate the descending gradient and frequency of temperature based on the detected actual temperature. The norm signal is formed based on the actual temperature, descending gradient and frequency of the temperature to control the switch power as to achieve the split second control for the electric power of the heating element.

Abstract: A method for quick temperature compensation for an electric soldering iron is provided. The electric soldering iron includes a static temperature control circuit and a dynamic temperature control circuit. Amount of the static temperature control mainly depends on a temperature setting signal, a real-time temperature detecting signal and a temperature additional signal, while the dynamic temperature control is made on the basis of Kalman digital filter principle. During the dynamic temperature control, a differentially amplified temperature regulation and control signal is identified by a heat transfer function of the soldering iron head, and an temperature additional compensation amount is calculated and output, only when the heat transfer function of the soldering iron head is conformed.

Abstract: Polymeric microstructures and nanostructures can be prepared with use of a tip to pattern a surface. A tip can be used to pattern a structure which can initiate polymerization. The structure can be then exposed to monomer to induce polymerization at the structure. Alternatively, a tip can be used to pattern a surface with a monomer in which the surface is treated with polymerization catalyst so that polymerization occurs at the patterning site. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization can be carried out with use of the tip to control the polymerization. The tip can be a sharp tip as used in for example an atomic force microscope tip. Norbornene types of monomers can be used. Biological macromolecules can be also prepared.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of fabricating organic/inorganic composite nanostructures on a substrate comprising depositing a solution having a block copolymer and an inorganic precursor on the substrate using dip pen nanolithography. The nanostructures comprises arrays of lines and/or dots having widths/diameters less than 1 micron. The present invention also includes a device comprising an organic/inorganic composite nanoscale region chemically bonded to a substrate, wherein the nanoscale region, wherein the nanoscale region has a nanometer scale dimension other than height.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of fabricating organic/inorganic composite nanostructures on a substrate comprising depositing a solution having a block copolymer and an inorganic precursor on the substrate using dip pen nanolithography. The nanostructures comprises arrays of lines and/or dots having widths/diameters less than 1 micron. The present invention also includes a device comprising an organic/inorganic composite nanoscale region chemically bonded to a substrate, wherein the nanoscale region, wherein the nanoscale region has a nanometer scale dimension other than height.

Abstract: The present invention provides quick temperature compensation method for an electric soldering iron and a quick temperature compensable electric soldering iron which includes a static temperature control circuit and a dynamic temperature control circuit, wherein the amount of the static temperature control is mainly depending on the temperature setting signal, real-time temperature detecting signal and the temperature additional signal, while the dynamic temperature control is made on the basis of Kalman digital filter principle. During the dynamic temperature control, the temperature regulation and control signal that has amplified through difference is identified by the function of the heat conduction transmission of the soldering iron head, and the temperature additional compensation is exported, when the temperature regulation and control signal accords with the function of the heat conduction transmission of the soldering iron head.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing system management which are based on reviewing of the interactions between one or more programs and the persistent state they tend to represent. The system provides for detection of modifications that occur within a system, verifying whether the modifications are approved or not and generating notifications on detecting unknown modifications.

Abstract: A kind of temperature controlling device of heating element and method thereof detect the actual temperature of heating body of the heating element, and calculate the descending gradient and frequency of temperature based on the detected actual temperature. The norm signal is formed based on the actual temperature, descending gradient and frequency of the temperature to control the switch power as to achieve the split second control for the electric power of the heating element.

Abstract: Polymeric microstructures and nanostructures can be prepared with use of a tip to pattern a surface. A tip can be used to pattern a structure which can initiate polymerization. The structure can be then exposed to monomer to induce polymerization at the structure. Alternatively, a tip can be used to pattern a surface with a monomer in which the surface is treated with polymerization catalyst so that polymerization occurs at the patterning site. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization can be carried out with use of the tip to control the polymerization. The tip can be a sharp tip as used in for example an atomic force microscope tip. Norbornene types of monomers can be used. Biological macromolecules can be also prepared.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing system management which are based on reviewing of the interactions between one or more programs and the persistent state they tend to represent. The system provides for detection of modifications that occur within a system, verifying whether the modifications are approved or not and generating notifications on detecting unknown modifications.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of fabricating organic/inorganic composite nanostructures on a substrate comprising depositing a solution having a block copolymer and an inorganic precursor on the substrate using dip pen nanolithography. The nanostructures comprises arrays of lines and/or dots having widths/diameters less than 1 micron. The present invention also includes a device comprising an organic/inorganic composite nanoscale region chemically bonded to a substrate, wherein the nanoscale region, wherein the nanoscale region has a nanometer scale dimension other than height.

Abstract: Polymeric microstructures and nanostructures can be prepared with use of a tip to pattern a surface. A tip can be used to pattern a structure which can initiate polymerization. The structure can be then exposed to monomer to induce polymerization at the structure. Alternatively, a tip can be used to pattern a surface with a monomer in which the surface is treated with polymerization catalyst so that polymerization occurs at the patterning site. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization can be carried out with use of the tip to control the polymerization. The tip can be a sharp tip as used in for example an atomic force microscope tip. Norbornene types of monomers can be used. Biological macromolecules can be also prepared.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of fabricating organic/inorganic composite nanostructures on a substrate comprising depositing a solution having a block copolymer and an inorganic precursor on the substrate using dip pen nanolithography. The process can comprise providing a substrate, providing a nanoscopic tip having an inking composition thereon, wherein the inking composition comprises at least one metal oxide precursor; and transferring the inking composition from the nanoscopic tip to the substrate to form a deposit on the substrate comprising at least one metal oxide precursor, and optionally further comprising the step of converting the metal oxide precursor on the substrate to form the metal oxide. The nanostructures comprises arrays of lines and/or dots having widths/diameters less than 1 micron.

Abstract: A direct-write method for fabricating magnetic nanostructures, including hard magnetic nanostructures of barium hexaferrite, BaFe, based on nanolithographic printing and a sol-gel process. This method utilizes a conventional atomic force microscope tip, coated with a magnetic material precursor solution, to generate patterns that can be post-treated at elevated temperature to generate magnetic features consisting of barium ferrite in its hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M-type) structure. Features ranging from several hundred nm down to below 100 nm were generated and studied using AFM, magnetic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The approach offers a new way for patterning functional inorganic magnetic nanostructures with deliberate control over feature size and shape, as well as interfeature distance and location.

Abstract: Polymeric microstructures and nanostructures can be prepared with use of a tip to pattern a surface. A tip can be used to pattern a structure which can initiate polymerization. The structure can be then exposed to monomer to induce polymerization at the structure. Alternatively, a tip can be used to pattern a surface with a monomer in which the surface is treated with polymerization catalyst so that polymerization occurs at the patterning site. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization can be carried out with use of the tip to control the polymerization. The tip can be a sharp tip as used in for example an atomic force microscope tip. Norbornene types of monomers can be used. Biological macromolecules can be also prepared.

Abstract: A direct-write method for fabricating magnetic nanostructures, including hard magnetic nanostructures of barium hexaferrite, BaFe, based on nanolithographic printing and a sol-gel process. This method utilizes a conventional atomic force microscope tip, coated with a magnetic material precursor solution, to generate patterns that can be post-treated at elevated temperature to generate magnetic features consisting of barium ferrite in its hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M-type) structure. Features ranging from several hundred nm down to below 100 nm were generated and studied using AFM, magnetic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The approach offers a new way for patterning functional inorganic magnetic nanostructures with deliberate control over feature size and shape, as well as interfeature distance and location.