Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may produce illumination that is modulated by the fLCOS panel to produce image light. The waveguide may direct the image light towards an eye box. The fLCOS panel may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal (fLC) layer and a backplane. In order to maximize the reflectance of the fLCOS panel and thus the optical performance of the display, the backplane may be a silver backplane or a dielectric mirror backplane. In addition, the backplane may have a cell gap that is equal to a wavelength divided by four times the birefringence of the fLC layer. In order to further optimize the optical performance of the display module, the wavelength used in determining the cell gap may be a green wavelength between 500 nm and 565 nm.

Abstract: Synthetic ?v?6 integrin ligands of Formula I having serum stability and affinity for integrin ?v?6, which is a receptor expressed in a variety of cell types, are described. The described ligands are useful for delivering cargo molecules, such as RNAi agents or other oligonucleotide-based compounds, to cells that express integrin ?v?6, and thereby facilitating the uptake of the cargo molecules into these cells. Compositions that include ?v?6 integrin ligands and methods of use are also described.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an electronic device includes a display and processing circuitry. The display includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows, wherein a first grouping of the plurality of rows displays image content during a first portion of an image frame, and wherein a second grouping of the plurality of rows displays image content during a second portion of the image frame. The processing circuitry is operatively coupled to the display and determines a velocity associated with the image content displayed by the first grouping of the plurality of rows moving across the display and adjusts a position of the image content displayed by the second grouping of the plurality of rows during the second portion of the image frame.

Abstract: Described are RNAi agents, compositions that include RNAi agents, and methods for inhibition of a Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. The SOD1 RNAi agents and RNAi agent conjugates disclosed herein inhibit the expression of an SOD1 gene. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more SOD1 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the described SOD1 RNAi agents to central nervous system (CNS) tissue, in vivo, provides for inhibition of SOD1 gene expression and a reduction in SOD1 activity, which can provide a therapeutic benefit to subjects, including human subjects, for the treatment of various diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS.).

Abstract: Described are RNAi agents, compositions that include RNAi agents, and methods for inhibition of a Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. The SOD1 RNAi agents and RNAi agent conjugates disclosed herein inhibit the expression of an SOD1 gene. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more SOD1 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the described SOD1 RNAi agents to central nervous system (CNS) tissue, in vivo, provides for inhibition of SOD1 gene expression and a reduction in SOD1 activity, which can provide a therapeutic benefit to subjects, including human subjects, for the treatment of various diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS.

Abstract: Increasing resolution of liquid crystal displays may result in small distances between adjacent liquid crystal display pixels. This tight pixel spacing may reduce transmission through the liquid crystal display pixels and may result in cross-talk between the liquid crystal display pixels. To increase transmission and, correspondingly, display efficiency, a reflective layer may be included in the liquid crystal display. The reflective layer recycles backlight that may otherwise be absorbed, improving transmittance and efficiency. To reduce color shift and color mixing caused by cross-talk, the pixels may have their pixel electrodes arranged in a zigzag layout. Each pixel electrode may have a height that is less than or equal to the total height of the pixel divided by two. The pixel electrodes in a given row are also alternatingly coupled to first and second gate lines. This zigzag layout results in an increased distance between adjacent pixel electrodes, mitigating pixel cross-talk.

Abstract: Described are RNAi agents, compositions that include RNAi agents, and methods for inhibition of a double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene. The DUX4 RNAi agents and RNAi agent conjugates disclosed herein inhibit the expression of a DUX4 gene. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more DUX4 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the described DUX4 RNAi agents to skeletal muscle cells in vivo, provides for inhibition of DUX4 gene expression and a reduction in DUX4 levels, which can provide a therapeutic benefit to subjects, including human subjects, suffering from certain skeletal muscle-related diseases or disorders including Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSID).

Abstract: Synthetic ?v?6 integrin ligands of Formula I having serum stability and affinity for integrin ?v?6, which is a receptor expressed in a variety of cell types, are described. The described ligands are useful for delivering cargo molecules, such as RNAi agents or other oligonucleotide-based compounds, to cells that express integrin ?v?6, and thereby facilitating the uptake of the cargo molecules into these cells. Compositions that include ?v?6 integrin ligands and methods of use are also described.

Abstract: Described are RNAi agents, compositions that include RNAi agents, and methods for inhibition of a double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene. The DUX4 RNAi agents and RNAi agent conjugates disclosed herein inhibit the expression of a DUX4 gene. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more DUX4 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the described DUX4 RNAi agents to skeletal muscle cells in vivo, provides for inhibition of DUX4 gene expression and a reduction in DUX4 levels, which can provide a therapeutic benefit to subjects, including human subjects, suffering from certain skeletal muscle-related diseases or disorders including Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD).

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may include a red, green, and blue light sources. The fLCOS panel may produce image light by modulating a series of image frames onto illumination light. Control circuitry may control the illumination optics to produce the illumination light for each image frame in the series of image frames according to a green-heavy illumination sequence that includes first, second, and third time periods. The green light source may be active during each of the first, second, and third time periods. This may allow the green light source to be driven with a lower current density than the other light sources without significantly reducing image quality at an eye box. The lower current density may match the peak efficiency of the green light source, thereby minimizing power consumption by the display.

Abstract: An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have a display that produces a display image. The head-mounted device may have an optical system that merges real-world images from real-world objects with display images. The optical system provides the real-world images and display images to an eye box for viewing by a user. The optical system may use time interleaving techniques and/or polarization effects to merge real-world and display images. Switchable devices such as polarization switches and tunable lenses may be controlled in synchronization with frames of display images. Geometrical phase lenses may be used that exhibit different lens powers to different polarizations of light.

Abstract: An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have a display that displays computer-generated content for a user. The head-mounted device may have an optical system that directs the computer-generated content towards eye boxes for viewing by a user. The optical system may include a spatially addressable adjustable optical component. The adjustable optical component may have first and second electrodes and an electrically adjustable material between the first and second electrodes. The electrically adjustable material may include a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide that includes a pattern of segmented trenches configured to provide the transparent conductive material with electrical anisotropy. Contacts may be coupled to the transparent conductive material. Control circuitry can adjust the electrically adjustable material to form a spatially addressable light modulator or adjustable lens.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The display may include a temperature sensor that gathers temperature sensor data. Control circuitry may select a non-square wave drive voltage waveform based on the gathered temperature sensor data and/or based on frame history information for the fLCOS display panel. The control circuitry may control the fLCOS panel to produce image light by driving the fLCOS panel using the selected non-square wave drive voltage waveform. The non-square wave drive voltage waveform may be an overdrive waveform or an underdrive waveform. This may serve to optimize the reflectance of the fLCOS display panel and thus the optical performance of the display module regardless of operating temperature and frame history.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. A twisted nematic cell may be optically interposed between the fLCOS panel and the waveguide. A birefringent crystal may be optically interposed between the cell and the waveguide. The cell may have a first state in which the cell transmits the image light with a first polarization and a second state in which the cell transmits the image light with a second polarization. The crystal may transmit the image light within spatially offset beams based on polarization. In another arrangement, a quarter waveplate may be optically interposed between the cell and the waveguide and a geometric phase grating may be optically interposed between the quarter waveplate and the waveguide. Control circuitry may toggle the cell between the first and second states to maximize the effective resolution of images at an eye box.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may produce linear polarized illumination light that is modulated by the fLCOS panel to produce image light. The illumination optics may include light emitters that emit respective wavelengths of the illumination light. The illumination optics may include an X-plate that outputs the illumination light by combining the light emitted by the light emitters. Polarization recycling structures may be optically interposed between each of the light emitters and the X-plate. The polarization recycling structures may include a reflective polarizer. If desired, the polarizing recycling structures may also include a quarter waveplate. The polarization recycling structures may serve to minimize the amount of light lost in producing linearly polarized illumination light for the fLCOS display panel, thereby maximizing the optical efficiency of the display.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of display pixels. To increase the efficiency of the display, the display may also include an array of microlenses. Each microlens may overlap and focus light from a respective pixel. Pixels for one of the colors of light may have a high aspect ratio. These pixels may be covered by two microlenses or a single cylindrical microlens. The microlens dimensions may be tuned to mitigate non-uniformities in the brightness profiles of the pixels. The microlens edges may be laterally shifted towards or away from the center of the light-emitting areas to either reduce or increase the focusing power of the microlens. The microlenses and color filter elements in each pixel may also be shifted to account for the chief ray angle of the display.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may produce illumination that is modulated by the fLCOS panel to produce image light. The waveguide may direct the image light towards an eye box. The fLCOS panel may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal (fLC) layer and a backplane. In order to maximize the reflectance of the fLCOS panel and thus the optical performance of the display, the backplane may be a silver backplane or a dielectric mirror backplane. In addition, the backplane may have a cell gap that is equal to a wavelength divided by four times the birefringence of the fLC layer. In order to further optimize the optical performance of the display module, the wavelength used in determining the cell gap may be a green wavelength between 500 nm and 565 nm.

Abstract: An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have a display that produces a display image. The head-mounted device may have an optical system that merges real-world images from real-world objects with display images. The optical system provides the real-world images and display images to an eye box for viewing by a user. The optical system may use time interleaving techniques and/or polarization effects to merge real-world and display images. Switchable devices such as polarization switches and tunable lenses may be controlled in synchronization with frames of display images. Geometrical phase lenses may be used that exhibit different lens powers to different polarizations of light.

Abstract: Increasing resolution of liquid crystal displays may result in small distances between adjacent liquid crystal display pixels. This tight pixel spacing may reduce transmission through the liquid crystal display pixels and may result in cross-talk between the liquid crystal display pixels. To increase transmission and, correspondingly, display efficiency, a reflective layer may be included in the liquid crystal display. The reflective layer recycles backlight that may otherwise be absorbed, improving transmittance and efficiency. To reduce color shift and color mixing caused by cross-talk, the pixels may have their pixel electrodes arranged in a zigzag layout. Each pixel electrode may have a height that is less than or equal to the total height of the pixel divided by two. The pixel electrodes in a given row are also alternatingly coupled to first and second gate lines. This zigzag layout results in an increased distance between adjacent pixel electrodes, mitigating pixel cross-talk.

Abstract: Described are RNAi agents, compositions that include RNAi agents, and methods for inhibition of a double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene. The DUX4 RNAi agents and RNAi agent conjugates disclosed herein inhibit the expression of a DUX4 gene. Pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more DUX4 RNAi agents, optionally with one or more additional therapeutics, are also described. Delivery of the described DUX4 RNAi agents to skeletal muscle cells in vivo, provides for inhibition of DUX4 gene expression and a reduction in DUX4 levels, which can provide a therapeutic benefit to subjects, including human subjects, suffering from certain skeletal muscle-related diseases or disorders including Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD).