Abstract: A method and system process transform blocks according to quantization matrices in a video coding system. Embodiments of the present invention derive one or more derived quantization matrices from one or more initial quantization matrices or from one previously derived quantization matrix. In one embodiment, the initial quantization matrices include a 4×4 and 8×8 quantization matrices, which can be either default or user-defined. All quantization matrices larger than 8×8 can be derived from the 4×4 and 8×8 initial quantization matrices. Non-square quantization matrices can be derived from at least one initial square quantization matrix or at least one derived square quantization matrix. Individual initial quantization matrices may be used to derive respective larger quantization matrices. Furthermore, the individual initial quantization matrices may be derived from larger quantization matrices designed for corresponding transform sizes. Syntax design also enables the quantization matrix representation.

Abstract: Techniques related to designating golden frames and to determining frame sizes and/or quantization parameters golden and non-golden frames for video coding are discussed. Such techniques may include designating an frame as a golden frame or a non-golden frame based on whether the frame is a scene change frame, a distance of the frame to a previous golden frame, and an average temporal distortion of the frame and determining a frame size and/or quantization parameter for the frame based on the designation and a temporal distortion of the frame.

Abstract: Techniques related to video coding with low bitrates are discussed. Such techniques may include skipping coding of a picture of a group of pictures when an estimated coding bit cost of the picture is greater than an available coding bit limit for the picture and, when the estimated coding bit cost is not greater than the available coding bit limit, determining the coding skip indicator based on a picture type of the individual picture and a picture structure of the group of pictures.

Abstract: Techniques related to video coding with sample adaptive offset coding are discussed. Such techniques may include setting a sample adaptive offset coding flag for a picture of a group of pictures based at least in part on a comparison of an available coding bit limit of the picture to a first threshold and a quantization parameter of the picture to a second threshold. In some examples, such techniques may also include setting the sample adaptive offset coding flag based on a coding structure associated with coding the group of pictures.

Abstract: A method is performed by a CODEC (coder/decoder) for Intra prediction mode processing based on multiple MPMs (most probable modes) in video coding. The method includes operations of determining a first Intra mode associated with a left neighboring block of a current block; determining a second Intra mode associated with a top neighboring block of the current block; deriving three MPMs based on the first Intra mode and the second Intra mode, and processing a current Intra mode associated with the current block according to said three MPMs. The step of deriving said three MPMs based on the first Intra mode and the second Intra mode includes: determining whether the first Intra mode is identical to the second Intra mode; and if the first Intra mode is identical to the second Intra mode, deriving said three MPMs according to whether the first Intra mode is identical to a predetermined mode.

Abstract: Certain aspects of an apparatus and method for automatic ER/PR scoring of tissue samples may include for determining a cancer diagnosis score comprising identifying a positive stained nucleus in a slide image of the tissue sample, identifying a negative stained nucleus in the slide image, computing a proportion score based on number of the positive stained nucleus identified and number of the negative stained nucleus identified and determining the cancer diagnosis score based on the proportion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a target number of bits (target bitrate) for encoding a frame of video that will satisfy a buffer constraint in a parallel video encoder. The quantization parameter (QP) for a given encoding process may be determined for the frame based on the target bitrate to maintain a suitable average bitrate. In some embodiments, the bitrate used for one or more prior frame is estimated. In some embodiments, a buffer fullness update is made based on an estimated bitrate. In some embodiments, a bitrate to target for each frame is determined based on the frame type, estimated bitrate of a prior frame(s), and the updated buffer fullness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for Intra prediction mode encoding or decoding based on multi-level most probable modes (MPMs) are disclosed. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the method and apparatus for encoding or decoding Intra prediction mode for 4×4 prediction unit (PU) use 19 Intra mode candidates to have full directional coverage or 35 Intra mode candidates as used by 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 PUs. In another embodiment of the present invention, three MPMs are used to code the Intra modes. Various methods to derive the three MPMs based on the Intra modes of neighboring blocks are disclosed. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the coding method for the remaining modes comprises fixed length coding. In addition, variable length coding for the remaining modes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods are described including operations for video coding rate control including target bitrate and quality control.

Abstract: Techniques related to designating golden frames and to determining frame sizes and/or quantization parameters golden and non-golden frames for video coding are discussed. Such techniques may include designating an frame as a golden frame or a non-golden frame based on whether the frame is a scene change frame, a distance of the frame to a previous golden frame, and an average temporal distortion of the frame and determining a frame size and/or quantization parameter for the frame based on the designation and a temporal distortion of the frame.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining quantization parameter (QP) for video coding. Embodiments may be particularly advantageous for strongly temporal correlated frames, such as for video conferencing applications. An initial QP for a frame of a video sequence may be modified based on a spatial complexity or a temporal complexity associated with the video frame, and/or based on an inter-predicted frame bitrate target cycle, as a function of whether the frame is intra- or inter-predicted. The inter-predicted frame bitrate target cycle includes a sequence of two or more inter-predicted frame bitrate targets that are assigned to the frame according to the inter-predicted frame bitrate target cycle. A reference frame for an inter-predicted frame may be selected based on the bitrate target associated with candidate reference frames. Initial QP of an inter-predicted frame with a scene change may be modified in a manner independent of an inter-predicted frame bitrate target cycle.

Abstract: Techniques related to constant quality video coding are discussed. Such techniques may include determining a quantization parameter for a frame of a video sequence, modifying the quantization parameter based on a spatial complexity or a temporal complexity associated with the video frame, and generating a block level quantization parameter for a block of the video frame based on the modified frame level quantization parameter, a complexity of the block, and a complexity of the video frame.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and apparatus for stain separation of a pathology image using stain vector analysis comprising converting an original image into an optical domain image, performing stain vector analysis on the optical domain image to obtain one or more stain vectors, deconvoluting the vectors adaptively to produce one or more separated stain images.

Abstract: Certain aspects of an apparatus and method for automatic ER/PR scoring of tissue samples may include for determining a cancer diagnosis score comprising identifying a positive stained nucleus in a slide image of the tissue sample, identifying a negative stained nucleus in the slide image, computing a proportion score based on number of the positive stained nucleus identified and number of the negative stained nucleus identified and determining the cancer diagnosis score based on the proportion.

Abstract: Certain aspects of an apparatus and method for method and apparatus for automatic HER2 scoring of tissue samples may include for determining a cancer diagnosis score comprising identifying one or more nuclei in a slide image of a tissue sample, determine one or more membrane strengths in the slide image surrounding each of the one or more nuclei, classifying one or more cells, each corresponding to the one or more nuclei, in a class among a plurality of classes according to the one or more membrane strengths and determining a cancer diagnosis score based on a percentage of cells classified in each of the plurality of classes.

Abstract: A system for performing a scene representation procedure includes an image manager that processes source images from a given scene to define subscenes in the source images. The image manager creates an image understanding graph for each of the source images, and also creates a scene representation graph for each of the source images based upon the corresponding subscenes and certain image characteristics. The image manager further generates an integrated scene representation to represent all of the source images with a single representation. A processor of an electronic device controls the image manager to perform the scene representation procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coding of syntax elements are disclosed to allow prediction units in P and B slices to share the same syntax coding table. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the method and apparatus coding of syntax elements selectively apply a syntax coding table to encode or decode the syntax element associated with the partition mode of a coding unit of a picture region according to the slice type of the picture region. A first syntax coding table is used to process the syntax element if the slice type is an I mode and a second syntax coding table is used to process the syntax element if the slice type is not an I mode.

Abstract: A method and system for processing transform blocks according to quantization matrices in a video coding system are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention derive one or more derived quantization matrices from one or more initial quantization matrices or from one previously derived quantization matrix. In one embodiment, the initial quantization matrices include a 4×4 and 8×8 quantization matrices, which can be either default or user-defined. All quantization matrices larger than 8×8 can be derived from the 4×4 and 8×8 initial quantization matrices. Non-square quantization matrices can be derived from at least one initial square quantization matrix or at least one derived square quantization matrix. Individual initial quantization matrices may be used to derive respective larger quantization matrices. Furthermore, the individual initial quantization matrices may be derived from larger quantization matrices designed for corresponding transform sizes.

Abstract: A video system is provided including applying a transform to a picture for generating a transformed block of the picture; determining a type of the picture; selecting a coding mode with the transformed block based on the type of the picture; and applying the coding mode to the picture for encoding and displaying the picture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for Intra prediction of a block based on neighboring pixels around the block are disclosed. Embodiments according to the present invention use square blocks as well as non-square blocks for Intra prediction. For a 2N×2N Luma CU (coding unit), the CU can be partitioned into 2N×N, N×2N, 2N×2N or N×N PUs. The 2N×N and N×2N PUs can be further processed by either square transforms only or both non-square and square transforms. In one embodiment, the 2N×N PU or the N×2N PU is processed as two N×N TUs (transform units) and each of the N×N TU is further split into smaller N×N TUs based on quad-tree split. In another embodiment, the 2N×N and N×2N PUs are processed as two 2N×0.5N and 0.5N×2N TUs respectively.