Abstract: A service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element, where the method includes: receiving, by a control plane gateway (C-GW), current location information of a user equipment (UE) sent by a mobility management network element; selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding distributed gateway (D-GW) for the UE according to the current location information of the UE; and establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE, where the data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a charging management method, a user plane function entity, and a control plane function entity. The method includes: receiving, by a UP, a first usage reporting rule (URR) and a second URR sent by a CP, where the first URR is correlated with the second URR; when usage information on the UP reaches a threshold of the first URR, obtaining, by the UP, usage information corresponding to the first URR and usage information corresponding to a third URR correlated with the first URR; and sending, by the UP to the CP, the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR, so that the CP generates a charging data record based on the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR.

Abstract: A driving method for a display device, timing controller and display device. The driving method includes: acquiring a target update frequency of image display of a display panel; determining a target frame rate corresponding to the target update frequency according to a prestored corresponding relationship between update frequencies and frame rates; adjusting a blanking duration of a data signal output by a source driving circuit according to the target frame rate; and outputting a first control signal with a frequency being the target frame rate to a gate driving circuit, to cause the gate driving circuit to scan pixel units of the display panel according to the target frame rate.

Abstract: A service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element, where the method includes: receiving, by a control plane gateway (C-GW), current location information of a user equipment (UE) sent by a mobility management network element; selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding distributed gateway (D-GW) for the UE according to the current location information of the UE; and establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE, where the data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: A service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element, where the method includes: receiving, by a control plane gateway (C-GW), current location information of a user equipment (UE) sent by a mobility management network element; selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding distributed gateway (D-GW) for the UE according to the current location information of the UE; establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE, where the data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element. The method includes: receiving, by a C-GW, current location information of UE sent by a mobility management network element; selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding D-GW for the UE according to the current location information of the UE; establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE, where the data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, a network element, and a system for determining a target RAT. The method includes: receiving, by an access network element, access control information of a UE that is sent by a mobility management network element, where the access control information includes an identity of a PLMN and a radio access technology RAT allowed and/or a RAT not allowed by the PLMN; and determining, by the access network element, a target RAT for the UE according to the access control information.

Abstract: A service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element are provided. The method includes receiving, by a control plane gateway (C-GW), current location information of a user equipment (UE) sent by a mobility management network elements, selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding D-GW for the UE according to the current location information of the UE, and establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE. The data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for treating a surface of a carbon fiber composite material, comprising the steps of: (1) pretreating a carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material; (2) spraying transparent powder to the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material and curing it; (3) polishing the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material after the transparent powder is cured; (4) spraying transparent powder to the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material after the transparent powder thereon is cured and curing it; (5) polishing, cleaning and baking; and (6) spraying a clear lacquer to the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material after the transparent powder is cured and curing it.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, a network element, and a system for determining a target RAT. The method includes: receiving, by an access network element, access control information of a UE that is sent by a mobility management network element, where the access control information includes an identity of a PLMN and a radio access technology RAT allowed and/or a RAT not allowed by the PLMN; and determining, by the access network element, a target RAT for the UE according to the access control information.

Abstract: A user equipment paging method and a mobility management entity (MME) in order to improve user equipment paging efficiency, where the method includes determining, by the MME before paging user equipment in an idle state, a base station last accessed by the user equipment, determining, by the MME, that the base station last accessed by the user equipment is in a non-overload state, and sending, by the MME, a paging message including an identifier of the user equipment to the base station last accessed by the user equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a casing windowing method and tool using coiled tubing; the windowing method comprises the steps of: a) preparing a borehole, including drifting a casing, and scraping an inner wall of the casing; b) hanging a positioning assembly in the casing, including seating the positioning assembly at a wellhead of the borehole, and after the positioning assembly is put down to a predetermined position in the casing, hanging a hanger of the positioning assembly at the inner wall of the casing; c) fixing a whipstock at a down-hole of the borehole, including seating the whipstock at the wellhead, and inserting a guiding assembly of the whipstock into the hanger so that an orientation of a window inclined plane of the guiding assembly meets a requirement of window orientation; and d) windowing the casing, including seating a tapered windowing mill at the wellhead, and after the tapered windowing mill is put down to the window inclined plane of the guiding assembly, starting the tapered windo

Abstract: A downlink data notification message sending method and apparatus are disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes receiving, by a user plane network element, a downlink data packet to be sent to a user equipment (UE) and sending, by the user plane network element, an event report message to a control plane network element, wherein the event report message includes a reported event, and wherein the reported event notifies the control plane network element that the downlink data packet matches no bearer.

Abstract: A user equipment paging method and a mobility management entity (MME) in order to improve user equipment paging efficiency, where the method includes determining, by the MME before paging user equipment in an idle state, a base station last accessed by the user equipment, determining, by the MME, that the base station last accessed by the user equipment is in a non-overload state, and sending, by the MME, a paging message including an identifier of the user equipment to the base station last accessed by the user equipment.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system may include an exhaust gas passageway and a mixer assembly. The exhaust gas passageway may receive exhaust gas from an engine. The mixer assembly is disposed within the exhaust gas passageway and may include an upstream baffle, a downstream baffle, and a tube extending between and connected to the upstream and downstream baffles. The tube may include an inner surface defining a first flow path through the mixer assembly. The upstream and downstream baffles may be attached to each other, the tube and the exhaust gas passageway. The upstream and downstream baffles may cooperate to define a second flow path through the mixer assembly. The second flow path may extend in a rotational direction around an outer surface of the tube.

Abstract: A service continuity ensuring method, a control plane gateway, and a mobility management network element are provided. The method includes receiving, by a control plane gateway (C-GW), current location information of a user equipment (UE) sent by a mobility management network elements, selecting, by the C-GW, at least one forwarding D-GW for the UE according to the current location information of the UE, and establishing, by the C-GW for the UE, a data forwarding tunnel between a source D-GW of the UE and the forwarding D-GW, and a data forwarding tunnel between the forwarding D-GW and a target base station of the UE. The data forwarding tunnels are used to transmit uplink user plane data and/or downlink user plane data of the UE in a moving process of the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to communications field, in particular, to a downlink data notification message sending method, and apparatus. The method is: receiving, a delay instruction sent by a mobility management network element, which is used to instruct a control plane network element to delay sending a DDN message; receiving, an event report message sent by a user plane network element, where the event report message includes a reported event, and the reported event is used to notify the control plane network element that a downlink data packet sent to UE matches no bearer; determining, that the UE is registered in the mobility management network element; and if the control plane network element has not received, within a first time period, routing information of a base station, sending, the DDN message to the mobility management network element when the first time period expires.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy suitable for casting transmission clutch housings, the aluminum alloy includes about 12 to about 16 weight percent silicon; about 0.0 to about 6.0 weight percent copper; about 0.2 to about 0.5 weight percent magnesium; about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent chromium; about 0 to about 1.0 weight percent each of iron, manganese, and zinc; less than 0.1 weight percent each of strontium and phosphorous; and about 0.0 to about 0.25 weight percent other trace elements. Also disclosed is a high pressure die cast article, such as a transmission clutch housing.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a charging management method, a user plane function entity, and a control plane function entity. The method includes: receiving, by a UP, a first usage reporting rule (URR) and a second URR sent by a CP, where the first URR is correlated with the second URR; when usage information on the UP reaches a threshold of the first URR, obtaining, by the UP, usage information corresponding to the first URR and usage information corresponding to a third URR correlated with the first URR; and sending, by the UP to the CP, the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR, so that the CP generates a charging data record based on the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provides a panel drive device and a display device. The panel drive device includes an interface module, a voltage conversion module and a compensation module. The interface module includes a first input end and a first output end. The voltage conversion module includes a second input end and a second output end. The first output end is coupled with the second input end. A voltage at the first input end is a first voltage, a voltage at the first output end is a second voltage, a voltage at the second input end is a third voltage signal and a voltage at the second output end is a fourth voltage signal. The compensation module is configured to generate a compensation voltage signal according to the third voltage signal and apply the compensation voltage signal to the first input end or the first output end, so that the third voltage signal equals to the first voltage signal.