Abstract: The present invention has an object thereof to make possible the recycling of exhaust gas components in a manufacturing process by cooling, liquefaction, and recovery, and to use toxic or useful gases without disposal, and to dramatically reduce the frequency of exhaust system maintenance by combining such a recovery method with a vacuum exhaust system.

Abstract: A fixing structure for a welding electrode and a welding head is shown which enable improvement of durability of a welding electrode, improvement of work efficiency in welding , and a reduction of time required for welding and also which make it possible to execute welding for an extended time with high reliability. In the fixing structure, a fixed section of a welding electrode is inserted via a thermally conductive material into an inserting section of a fixing base and a peripheral surface of the fixed section of the welding electrode is uniformly contacted to the fixing base to affix the welding electrode to the fixing base.

Abstract: Welding of material such as a piping using ferrite system stainless steel, in which a back sealed gas used for conventional welding is switched from argon gas (or a hydrogen gas/argon gas mix) to an argon gas to which an oxidizing gas is doped at the time of forming a chromium oxide passivation film. Welding conditions are set at the temperature in which the inner surface of the piping does not melt at the time of forming the chromium oxide passivation film. The temperature of the welding piping is set uniformly between welding conditions in conventional welding and welding conditions at the time of forming the chromium oxide passivation film, and in order to replace gases used with conventional welding with gases used at the time of forming the chromium oxide passivation film. A cycle of one round or more is performed under the welding conditions for forming a chromium oxide passivation film, thereby, to form the chromium oxide passivation film on a weld in concurrence with welding.

Abstract: A gas supply path structure forms a fluid path for allowing a laser gas to flow into or out of a pair of fluid inlet and outlet 11a and a laser gas is controlled to a predetermined subsonic speed at a throat portion. Gas supplies for controlling the speed of the gas are connected each to the fluid inlet and to the fluid outlet of the gas supply path structure and, together with a cooling device, compose a circulation system for controlling the speed and pressure of the laser gas at the fluid inlet and/or at the fluid outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fixing structure for a welding electrode and a welding head which enable improvement of durability of a welding electrode, improvement of work efficiency in welding, and reduction of time required for welding and also which make it possible to execute welding for a long time with high reliability. In this fixing structure, a fixed section of a welding electrode is inserted via a thermally conductive material into an inserting section of a fixing base and a peripheral surface of the fixed section of the welding electrode is uniformly contacted to the fixing base to fix the welding electrode to the fixing base.

Abstract: The present invention makes possible the recycling of exhaust has components in a manufacturing process by cooling, liquefaction, and recovery, and to use toxic or useful gases without disposal, and to dramatically reduce the frequency of exhaust system maintenance by combining such a recovery method with a vacuum exhaust system.

Abstract: A gas supply path structure forms a fluid path for allowing a laser gas to flow into or out of a pair of fluid inlet and outlet 11a and a laser gas is controlled to a predetermined subsonic speed at a throat portion. Gas supplies for controlling the speed of the gas are connected each to the fluid inlet and to the fluid outlet of the gas supply path structure and, together with a cooling device, compose a circulation system for controlling the speed and pressure of the laser gas at the fluid inlet and/or at the fluid outlet.

Abstract: There is provided a network shopping system that contributes to the omission of the item to be purchased and the prevention of purchasing an unnecessary item. Information of equipment that each client possesses is stored in net member DB. A main item, an option, or an item having a tendency to be used at the same time, are associated with an item related thereto and stored in related item DB. When a user inputs individual identification information for authentication processing, the system searches net member DB to specify equipment that the user possesses. Next, the system gains access to related item DB, searches a related item, and recommends the item to the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a welding method for materials to be welded which are subjected to fluoride passivation treatment, and a fluoride passivation retreatment method, wherein, when fluoride passivation retreatment was conducted after welding, there is no generation of particles or dust, and superior resistance is provided to fluorine system gases.

Abstract: A welding method for materials to be welded which are subjected to fluoride passivation treatment, and a fluoride passivation retreatment method, wherein, when fluoride passivation retreatment is conducted after welding, there is no generation of particles or dust. The method provides superior resistance to fluorine system gases. During fluoride passivation treatment, hydrogen is added to the gas (the back shield gas) flowing through the materials to be welded. In one embodiment of the welding method, the thickness of the fluoride passivated film in a predetermined range from the butt end surfaces of the materials to be welded is set to 10 nm or less, followed by subsequent welding. Furthermore, the fluoride passivation retreatment method, includes the steps of heating at least the welded parts following welding and flowing a gas containing fluorine gas in the interior portion of the parts.

Abstract: An excimer laser generating system includes a laser chamber whose inner surface is covered with a fluorine-passivated surface. Preferably, the surfaces of a blower and heat exchanger disposed in the laser chamber are also covered with a fluorine-passivated surface. The fluorine-passivated surface may be formed of a wide variety of materials including an aluminum oxide film, a fluoride film containing aluminum fluoride and magnesium fluoride, iron fluoride, and nickel fluoride. Preferably, the excimer laser generation system includes a gas supply system having an inert gas purging system so that gas sources can be replaced without exposing the inside of gas supply pipes to atmosphere. With the above arrangement, the excimer laser generating system can generate a laser beam pulse whose energy and shape are maintained constant for a long period of operation time without encountering serious degradation.

Abstract: An image processor which reads and outputs image data. Only by inputting a keyword which causes us to associate an image intuitively, the image processor produces and outputs an image based on a plurality of image data combined on the basis of the input keyword. To this end, an illustration part keyword table contains a plurality of keywords and a plurality of illustration part codes for each keyword. A part arrangement table contains a plurality of image pointer values and their arrangement information in correspondence to illustration part codes. A CPU searches the illustration part keyword table and part arrangement table for a match of the input keyword and reads a plurality of illustration image data corresponding to the keyword from an illustration part image file and arranges the respective illustration images in accordance with the corresponding arrangement information.

Abstract: A discharge electrode for an excimer laser oscillator according to the present invention contains oxygen at a content of not more than 10 ppm, and a method of restoring the shape of a discharge electrode according to the present invention comprises introducing an inert gas into a laser chamber, and conducting discharge for several seconds.

Abstract: A mechanism for completely separating a substrate, such as a semiconductor substrate, from at base in such a way that the substrate is in a horizontal position and can be easily removed from an electrostatic chuck. The substrate is mounted on a pedestal which is placed on a base such as an electrode. Pins are mounted within the base beneath a central portion of the substrate. The pins can be moved vertically through the circular pedestal to lift the substrate from the pedestal. A ring is mounted around the pedestal and underneath the outer edge of the substrate. When the pins are protrude beyond the top surface of the circular pedestal the substrate is lifted and caused to tilt. The ring then is lifted to act on the outer edge of the rear surface of the substrate, thus separating the substrate from the circular pedestal and returning the substrate to a horizontal position.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lead frame and a material for lead frame which insure excellent bonding and enables substantial reduction of time for production because such processes as plating are not required and furthermore are excellent in abration resistance.The present invention is characterized in that a silver layer having a construction where amplitude of a refracted ray refracted on the (200) surface is 1/3 or more of the amplitude of refracted X ray refracted on the (111) surface comprises an outer lead section of the base material for the lead frame. The base material is preferably copper, copper-alloy, iron, or iron alloy. The silver layer is formed, for instance, by means of silver plating, and the thickness is preferably in a range from 8 m to 30 m. An intermediate layer may be provided between a surface of the base material and the silver layer.

Abstract: In a substrate processing apparatus, a substrate is processed to form a thin film thereon while it is maintained in the vertical direction, Furthermore, the rear surface of the substrate is cooled by a substrate cooling mechanism which contacts the rear surface thereof. The substrate cooling mechanism moves in a reciprocating fashion, whereas a substrate holder for holding the substrate moves both in horizontal and vertical directions.

Abstract: In an automatic loader for automatically loading a flat unprocessed substrate to a substrate processing apparatus for processing the flat substrate and automatically unloading a processed substrate, the automatic loader has: a plurality of cassette stages for vertically moving cassettes having a plurality of substrates held horizontally and parallel to each other; a first substrate convey mechanism contacting a single door of the substrate processing apparatus and forming a common conveyance path of all substrates; a single substrate posture control stage arranged in contact with the first convey mechanism to correct a posture of the substrate to be fed in the substrate processing apparatus; second substrate convey mechanisms for forming at least one conveyance path between the plurality of cassette stages and the substrate posture control stage and exchanging and conveying the substrate; and substrate counters arranged in the respective conveyance paths of the second substrate convey mechanisms.