Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a device having a semiconductor substrate including a frontside and a backside. On the frontside of the semiconductor substrate are a first source/drain region and a second source/drain region. A gate electrode is arranged on the frontside of the semiconductor substrate and includes a horizontal portion, a first vertical portion, and a second vertical portion. The horizontal portion is arranged over the frontside of the semiconductor substrate and between the first and second source/drain regions. The first vertical portion extends from the frontside towards the backside of the semiconductor substrate and contacts the horizontal portion of the gate electrode structure. The second vertical portion extends from the frontside towards the backside of the semiconductor substrate, contacts the horizontal portion of the gate electrode structure, and is separated from the first vertical portion by a channel region of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for minimizing LED flicker of an LED driver system, the LED driver system comprising a PFC constant average current converter, a capacitor, an LED module, and a current regulator, the method including: a first step: the current regulator generating a control voltage according to an average of a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage at a second end of the LED module; and a second step: the current regulator determining a regulation value for a current flowing through the LED module according to the control voltage.

Abstract: A method for minimizing LED flicker of an LED driver system, the LED driver system comprising a PFC constant average current converter, a capacitor, an LED module, and a current regulator, the method including: a first step: the current regulator generating a control voltage according to an average of a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage at a second end of the LED module; and a second step: the current regulator determining a regulation value for a current flowing through the LED module according to the control voltage.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver having a flicker control mechanism, including: a bridge rectifier, used to generate a full-wave-rectified line input voltage according to an AC power; a single stage PFC constant average current converter, coupled with the bridge rectifier and used for forcing an input current to track the full-wave-rectified line input voltage and regulating an average value of an output current at a first preset value; and a current ripple reducing unit, in series with an LED module to form a load for the output current to flow through, wherein the current ripple reducing unit has a negative feedback control mechanism for forcing a peak of the output current approach an average value of the output current.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver capable of reducing flicker, including: a bridge rectifier, used to generate a full-wave-rectified line input voltage according to an AC power a single stage PFC constant average current converter, coupled with the bridge rectifier and used for forcing an input current to track the full-wave-rectified line input voltage and regulating an average value of an output current at a first preset value; and a peak current regulator, in series with an LED module to form a load for the output current to flow through, wherein the peak current regulator is used to regulate a peak of the output current at a second preset value, and the second preset value is higher than the first preset value.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver having a flicker control mechanism, including: a bridge rectifier, used to generate a full-wave-rectified line input voltage according to an AC power; a single stage PFC constant average current converter, coupled with the bridge rectifier and used for forcing an input current to track the full-wave-rectified line input voltage and regulating an average value of an output current at a first preset value; and a current ripple reducing unit, in series with an LED module to form a load for the output current to flow through, wherein the current ripple reducing unit has a negative feedback control mechanism for forcing a peak of the output current approach an average value of the output current.

Abstract: A socket wrench includes a handle and an actuating head connected with the handle. The handle has a first end provided with a mounting portion and a second end provided with a grip. The mounting portion of the handle has an inner wall provided with a pivot hole pivotally mounted on the actuating head and has an outer wall provided with a first driving arm and a second driving arm. The actuating head has an upper end provided with an extension which has a distal end provided with an elongate guide slot. Each of the first driving arm and the second driving arm of the handle is slidably mounted in the guide slot of the actuating head. The actuating head has a lower end inserted into a socket which is mounted on one bolt of a wheel.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver capable of reducing current ripple, comprising: a current source unit, having a control terminal coupled to a control voltage, which is a ratio of a full-wave rectified line input voltage, a first channel terminal coupled to a power line, and a second channel terminal used to generate an output current according to the control voltage; and at least one LED load unit, being in series with the current source unit, wherein each of the at least one LED load unit comprises: a first load, including a first parallel combination of an LED module and a capacitor, wherein the LED module has at least one light emitting diode; a diode, being in a first series combination with the first load; and a switch, being in a second parallel combination with the second series combination.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver capable of reducing flicker, including: a bridge rectifier, used to generate a full-wave-rectified line input voltage according to an AC power a single stage PFC constant average current converter, coupled with the bridge rectifier and used for forcing an input current to track the full-wave-rectified line input voltage and regulating an average value of an output current at a first preset value; and a peak current regulator, in series with an LED module to form a load for the output current to flow through, wherein the peak current regulator is used to regulate a peak of the output current at a second preset value, and the second preset value is higher than the first preset value.

Abstract: A cascoded current regulator, including: a first load circuit, having a first load and a current source unit; and a second load circuit, being cascaded with the first load circuit and having a second load and a current mirror unit, wherein a first current flowing through the first load and a second current flowing through the current source unit are controlled by a control voltage, and a third current flowing through the second load and a fourth current flowing through the current mirror unit are generated according to the second current.

Abstract: A PFC LED driver capable of reducing current ripple, comprising: a current source unit, having a control terminal coupled to a control voltage, which is a ratio of a full-wave rectified line input voltage, a first channel terminal coupled to a power line, and a second channel terminal used to generate an output current according to the control voltage; and at least one LED load unit, being in series with the current source unit, wherein each of the at least one LED load unit comprises: a first load, including a first parallel combination of an LED module and a capacitor, wherein the LED module has at least one light emitting diode; a diode, being in a first series combination with the first load; and a switch, being in a second parallel combination with the second series combination.

Abstract: A socket wrench includes a handle and an actuating head connected with the handle. The handle has a first end provided with a mounting portion and a second end provided with a grip. The mounting portion of the handle has an inner wall provided with a pivot hole pivotally mounted on the actuating head and has an outer wall provided with a first driving arm and a second driving arm. The actuating head has an upper end provided with an extension which has a distal end provided with an elongate guide slot. Each of the first driving arm and the second driving arm of the handle is slidably mounted in the guide slot of the actuating head. The actuating head has a lower end inserted into a socket which is mounted on one bolt of a wheel.

Abstract: A cascoded current regulator, including: a first load circuit, having a first load and a current source unit; and a second load circuit, being cascaded with the first load circuit and having a second load and a current mirror unit, wherein a first current flowing through the first load and a second current flowing through the current source unit are controlled by a control voltage, and a third current flowing through the second load and a fourth current flowing through the current mirror unit are generated according to the second current.

Abstract: A high side controller capable of sensing input voltage and output voltage of a power conversion circuit, including: a first switch, having a control end and two channel ends, the control end being coupled to a gate signal, and one of the two channel ends being coupled to a voltage signal, wherein the voltage signal is proportional to a negative version of the input voltage when the gate signal is active; an inverting amplification circuit, having an input end coupled to the other one of the two channel ends, and an output end for providing a first processed voltage; and a first sample and hold circuit, having a control input end coupled to the gate signal, an input end coupled to the first processed voltage, and an output end for providing a first sample voltage.

Abstract: A socket wrench includes a handle having a housing and a grip portion, a drive shank having a ratchet wheel mounted in the housing, two pawl members engaged with the ratchet wheel, a switching member located between the pawl members, two elastic members each biased between the housing and the respective pawl member, a control knob connected with the switching member, a driven arm having a mounting sleeve and an arcuate mounting slot, a connecting plate provided on the handle, and two driving arms provided on the connecting plate and received in the mounting slot. When in use, one of the driving arms drives the driven arm by a leverage to drive the drive shank to rotate a socket so as to operate a workpiece in an energy-saving manner.

Abstract: An LED lighting circuit capable of preventing thermal breakdown, including: an LED module, having a top end coupled to a line voltage; and a controller, coupled to the line voltage and a bottom end of the LED module, the controller including: an amplifier, having a positive input end coupled to an adjustable reference voltage; a transistor, having a gate terminal coupled to an output end of the amplifier, a first channel terminal coupled to the bottom end of the LED module, and a second channel terminal coupled to a negative input end of the amplifier; a current sensing resistor, coupled between the second channel terminal and a ground; and a reference voltage generator, used for generating the adjustable reference voltage according to the line voltage.

Abstract: A fixed dead time PFC controller, comprising: an amplitude normalization circuit, used to generate a normalized signal according to a full-wave rectified input voltage; a comparator circuit, used to compare the normalized signal with a threshold voltage to generate a select signal, wherein the select signal exhibits a first state when the normalized signal is higher than the threshold voltage, and a second state when the normalized signal is lower than the threshold voltage; and a driving signal selection circuit, having a first input end coupled to a first driving signal, a second input end coupled to a second driving signal, a control end coupled to the select signal, and an output end for outputting a gate driving signal.

Abstract: A novel LED driver controller, including: an auto-gain control unit, having an input end coupled to an input voltage signal which is derived from a line voltage, and an output end for providing a normalized signal; a comparator, used to perform voltage comparison on the normalized signal and a current sensing signal to generate a turn-off signal, wherein the turn-off signal will change state from inactive to active when the current sensing signal reaches the normalized signal; and a driving circuit, having a set input end, a reset input end, and an output end, the set input end being coupled to a turn-on signal, the reset input end being coupled to the turn-off signal, the output end being used for providing a gating signal.

Abstract: A method for identifying a fingerprint image includes inputting a fingerprint image captured by an electronic device, calculating an amount of valid ridge pixels in an amount of total ridge pixels of the fingerprint image to generate a first ratio, calculating an amount of successive ridge pixels in an amount of total ridge pixels of the fingerprint image to generate a second ration when the first ratio is identified within a first predetermined range, and determining the fingerprint image as a valid fingerprint image when the second ratio is identified within a second predetermined range.

Abstract: An LED driver circuit, including: an LED load, having a top end, a middle end, and a bottom end, wherein the top end is coupled to a line voltage; and a variable load device, having a first input end, a second input end, and an output end, wherein the first input end is coupled to the middle end of the LED load for receiving a first current, the second input end is coupled to the bottom end of the LED load for receiving a second current, and the output end is for providing an output current, which equals the sum of the first current and the second current, and wherein the first current increases/decreases as the second current decreases/increases.