Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes unit circuits provided with electronic devices, data lines connected to the unit circuits, a first output device to output, as a first output, a current or a voltage corresponding to an externally supplied data signal, a second output device to output, as a second output, a current or a voltage corresponding to the magnitude of the first output, and a selection supply device to select one of or both the first output from the first output device and the second output from the second output device and to supply the selected output to the data line. With this configuration, the image reproducibility in a low-luminance/low-grayscale display area of a display apparatus using EL devices is enhanced.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: A grease composition having an apparent viscosity at ?30° C. of 5 to 200 Pa·s is sealed in a rolling bearing which retains a plurality of rolling elements between an inner ring and an outer ring in such a way that the rolling elements can freely roll. Thereby, there is provided a rolling bearing which has a satisfactory lubricating performance and generates less abnormal noise even under a low temperature of around ?40° C.

Abstract: A sealing structure having a barrier membrane, with which the overall thickness of a display device can be reduced while ensuring sufficient barrier properties against water and oxygen so as to prevent deterioration of luminous layers. The sealing structure comprises a multi-layered resin membrane 14b for sealing an electronic element section 3 disposed on a substrate 2, which is formed by alternately depositing flattening resin layers 14c and barriers layers 14d on the substrate 2. The flattening resin layers 14c are formed inside a blocking region 14a surrounding the electronic element section 3. A display device having the sealing structure, an electronic apparatus having the display device, and a fabrication method for the display device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of signal lines, current-driven elements provided corresponding to portions where the scanning lines and the signal lines cross one another, and performs a display operating in response to the amount of a driving current supplied to the current-driven elements. The amount of the driving current is defined by the value of the driving current and the length of a period in which the driving current, which is periodically repeated, is supplied to the current-driven elements. This definition of the amount of the driving current can realize accurate gray scale control in a minute current region and a reduction in power consumption of the display device.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device having circuits for driving electro-optical elements, such as organic EL elements, and a driving device, which can employ driving elements having low driving ability, such as ?-TFTs. By providing a charge storage capacitor between the source electrode and the gate electrode of a driving transistor which is between power sources, the electro-optical device can allow the driving transistor to control a driving current, even when an electro-optical element is connected to the source side of the driving transistor. In addition, driving data can be stored in the charge storage capacitor by applying a predetermined voltage to the source electrode of the driving transistor.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: An electrooptic device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes an electrooptic element in which an electrooptic substance is interposed between a first electrode and a second electrode, the electrooptic element being disposed on a surface of the first substrate that opposes the second substrate; an electronic element for driving the electrooptic element; and a power supply wire for supplying power to at least one of the electrooptic element and the electronic element. The second substrate includes a second auxiliary wire for supplying auxiliary power to at least one of the electrooptic element and the electronic element, the second auxiliary wire being disposed on a surface of the second substrate that opposes the first substrate, the second auxiliary wire having a planar shape that corresponds with a non-opening region of the electrooptic element.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that stabilizes display quality by performing correction processing corresponding to a plurality of disturbance factors. Specifically, a grayscale characteristic generating unit can generate conversion data having grayscale characteristics obtained by changing the grayscale characteristics of display data that defines the grayscales of pixels with reference to a conversion table whose description contents include correction factors. A data line driving circuit can drive the pixels after correcting the grayscale characteristics of the conversion data by the correction factors using other processing different from the that performed by the grayscale characteristic generating unit.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: A sealing structure having a barrier membrane, with which the overall thickness of a display device can be reduced while ensuring sufficient barrier properties against water and oxygen so as to prevent deterioration of luminous layers. The sealing structure comprises a multi-layered resin membrane 14b for sealing an electronic element section 3 disposed on a substrate 2, which is formed by alternately depositing flattening resin layers 14c and barriers layers 14d on the substrate 2. The flattening resin layers 14c are formed inside a blocking region 14a surrounding the electronic element section 3. A display device having the sealing structure, an electronic apparatus having the display device, and a fabrication method for the display device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sealing structure having a barrier membrane, with which the overall thickness of a display device can be reduced while ensuring sufficient barrier properties against water and oxygen so as to prevent deterioration of luminous layers. The sealing structure comprises a multi-layered resin membrane 14b for sealing an electronic element section 3 disposed on a substrate 2, which is formed by alternately depositing flattening resin layers 14c and barriers layers 14d on the substrate 2. The flattening resin layers 14c are formed inside a blocking region 14a surrounding the electronic element section 3. A display device having the sealing structure, an electronic apparatus having the display device, and a fabrication method for the display device are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical apparatus that can prevent a shift in a threshold voltage of an amorphous silicon transistor while driving an organic EL device in a pixel circuit including the amorphous silicon transistor. A characteristic-adjustment circuit can be provided, which has a function of returning a shift in the threshold voltage of the amorphous silicon transistor included in the pixel circuit to the original state.

Abstract: To provide a film forming method and a film forming system, which efficiently use materials and forming a high-quality organic thin film, and an electronic device and an electronic apparatus that are manufactured using the method and the device, an organic thin film-forming system includes a solution supplying unit, a gas supplying unit, a soft ionizing unit, and an ion separating unit, a deflecting unit, and a film-forming unit. After organic materials to be converted in film become minute liquid droplets in the soft ionizing unit and the liquid droplets are ionized or charged, the liquid droplets are vaporized and thus pseudo-molecular ions of a vapor state are created. In the ion separating unit, an organic material pseudo-molecular ion is separated from the pseudo-molecular ions.

Abstract: In a circuit to drive driven elements such, as electro-optical elements, an electro-optical device has an element layer, a wire-forming layer, and an electronic component layer in order to suppress variation in characteristics of active elements. The element layer has a plurality of organic EL elements, each of which is arranged in a different position in a plane. The electronic component layer has pixel-driving IC chips. The respective pixel-driving IC chips include a plurality of pixel circuits, each of which drives each organic EL element corresponding to the pixel circuit. The wire-forming layer is positioned between the element layer and the electronic component layer. The wire-forming layer has wires to connect the respective pixel circuits included in the pixel-driving IC chips with the organic EL elements corresponding to the pixel circuits.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes unit circuits provided with electronic devices, data lines connected to the unit circuits, a first output device to output, as a first output, a current or a voltage corresponding to an externally supplied data signal, a second output device to output, as a second output, a current or a voltage corresponding to the magnitude of the first output, and a selection supply device to select one of or both the first output from the first output device and the second output from the second output device and to supply the selected output to the data line. With this configuration, the image reproducibility in a low-luminance/low-grayscale display area of a display apparatus using EL devices is enhanced.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device having circuits for driving electro-optical elements, such as organic EL elements, and a driving device, which can employ driving elements having low driving ability, such as ?-TFTs. By providing a charge storage capacitor between the source electrode and the gate electrode of a driving transistor which is between power sources, the electro-optical device can allow the driving transistor to control a driving current, even when an electro-optical element is connected to the source side of the driving transistor. In addition, driving data can be stored in the charge storage capacitor by applying a predetermined voltage to the source electrode of the driving transistor.