Abstract: Provided are a multi-view video decoding apparatus and method and a multi-view encoding apparatus and method. The decoding method includes: determining whether a prediction mode of a current block being decoded is a merge mode; when the prediction mode is determined to be the merge mode, forming a merge candidate list including at least one of an inter-view candidate, a spatial candidate, a disparity candidate, a view synthesis prediction candidate, and a temporal candidate; and predicting the current block by selecting a merge candidate for predicting the current block from the merge candidate list, wherein whether to include, in the merge candidate list, at least one of a view synthesis prediction candidate for an adjacent block of the current block and a view synthesis prediction candidate for the current block is determined based on whether view synthesis prediction is performed on the adjacent block and the current block.

Abstract: A video decoding method includes receiving information about whether to correct a chroma sample, obtaining a correction value determined using a luma value in a range corresponding to a position of a determined chroma pixel, based on the received information, and correcting a chroma value using the obtained correction value.

Abstract: A method of prediction decoding a multilayer video is provided. The method includes for each layer of a multilayer video, obtaining information indicating whether a layer included in the multilayer video is used as a reference layer of a current layer; and obtaining an inter layer reference picture set (RPS) of the current layer in which each reference layer is aligned according to a difference value in a layer index value between the current layer and a layer used as the reference layer of the current layer based on the obtained information.

Abstract: Provided is a video stream decoding method including: obtaining a first identifier of at least one decoding target layer image from among a plurality of layer images from a bitstream including a plurality of pieces of layer encoding image data; obtaining a second identifier including information expressing a layer identifier outside of an expression range of the first identifier from the bitstream; determining a layer identifier based on the first and second identifiers; and reconstructing an image by decoding the decoding target layer image by using the determined layer identifier.

Abstract: An interlayer video decoding method includes reconstructing color and depth images of a first layer obtained from a bitstream, based on encoding information of the color and depth images of the first layer; determining whether a prediction mode of a current block of a second layer image to be decoded corresponds to a merge mode; adding at least one of an inter-view candidate, a spatial candidate, a disparity candidate, a view synthesis prediction candidate, and a temporal candidate to candidates to a merge candidate list according to a predetermined priority in response to the prediction mode corresponding to the merge mode; selecting at least one candidate from the merge candidate list, based on a merge index obtained from the bitstream, to decode the current block based on the selected at least one candidate. The view synthesis prediction candidate is added to the merge candidate list with a fixed priority.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding a video, the method including: obtaining, from a received data stream, information indicating whether a current slice segment is a dependent slice segment; obtaining constraint information from a reserved bit included in the received data stream when the current slice segment is not the dependent slice segment, based on the obtained information; and determining whether the current image is used as a reference image for predicting another image, based on the obtained constraint information.

Abstract: A method of decoding multi-layer video includes decoding a first layer picture, storing the decoded first layer picture in a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and marking the first layer picture as a short-term reference picture; obtaining interlayer reference picture set (RPS) information regarding a second layer picture having a same first picture order count (POC) as the first layer picture; marking the first layer picture, which is marked as the short-term reference picture, as a long-term reference picture, based on the interlayer RPS information; performing interlayer prediction with respect to the second layer picture with reference to the first layer picture; decoding the second layer picture based on a result of performing the interlayer prediction; and, after the second layer picture is decoded, marking the first layer picture, which is marked as the long-term reference picture, as a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a video decoding method including: obtaining a disparity vector having components in sub-pixel unit for interlayer prediction between images belonging to a current layer and a reference layer; determining a position of an integer pixel of the reference layer corresponding to a position indicated by the disparity vector obtained from the position of a current pixel of the current layer; and decoding the image of the current layer by using prediction information on a candidate area of the reference layer corresponding to the determined position of the integer pixel.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods configured to encode and decode multi-layer video are provided. A method of prediction-decoding a multi-layer video includes obtaining information indicating whether a decoded picture buffer (DPB) storing a first layer and a DPB storing a second layer operate identically, and operating the DPB storing the second layer based on the obtained information.

Abstract: Provided is a method of reconstructing multilayer images including obtaining RAP picture information of a plurality of layers including a base layer and an enhancement layer, independently decoding a RAP picture of the base layer by using RAP picture information, and independently decoding a RAP picture of the enhancement layer by using RAP picture information.

Abstract: An interlayer video decoding method according to an embodiment may include determining whether to perform brightness compensation with respect to a second layer current block to be reconstructed by using a first layer reference block; determining first layer reference pixels by using the closest integer pixels to reference location of a first layer corresponding to location of reference pixels for the second layer current block based on whether to perform the brightness compensation; and determining brightness compensation parameters regarding the second layer current block by using the determined first layer reference pixels and pixels surrounding the second layer current block.

Abstract: A video encoding method, a video encoding apparatus, a video decoding method, and a video decoding apparatus are provided. The video encoding method includes reconstructing a first layer image based on encoding information of the first layer image that is obtained from a bitstream, splitting a largest coding unit of a second layer image into coding units based on split information of the second layer image that is obtained from the bitstream, splitting the coding units into prediction units for prediction encoding, determining whether to use a coding tool for decoding a current prediction unit based on at least one among a prediction mode of the current prediction unit among the prediction units, size information of the current prediction unit, and color depth information of the current prediction unit, and decoding the current prediction unit, using the coding tool, in response to the determining to use the coding tool.

Abstract: An interlayer video decoding method comprises reconstructing a first layer image based on encoding information acquired from a first layer bitstream; reconstructing a second layer current block determined as a predetermined partition mode and a prediction mode by using interlayer prediction information acquired from a second layer bitstream and a first layer reference block corresponding to a current block of a first layer reconstruction image that is to be reconstructed in a second layer; determining whether to perform luminance compensation on the second layer current block in a partition mode in which the second layer current block is not split; and compensating for luminance of the second layer current block according to whether luminance compensation is performed and reconstructing a second layer image including the second layer current block of which luminance is compensated for.

Abstract: An image decoding method including: determining whether image data of a base layer, which is encoded according to a first codec, is decodable according to a second codec; and decoding the image data of the base layer based on a result of the determining, wherein the image data includes image data of an enhancement layer, which is encoded according to the first codec.

Abstract: A method of generating a parameter set includes obtaining common information commonly inserted into at least two lower parameter sets referring to the same upper parameter set; determining whether the common information is to be added to at least one among the upper parameter set and the at least two lower parameter sets; and adding the common information to at least one among the upper parameter set and the at least two lower parameter sets, based on a result of determining whether the common information is to be added to at least one among the upper parameter set and the at least two lower parameter sets.

Abstract: A method and system for automatically detecting a control section using traffic information is disclosed. The automatic control section detection system may include an analyzer configured to analyze a primary control section that is a control section included in traffic control information; and a detector configured to detect an additional control section associated with the primary control section based on connectivity and directivity of roads connected to the primary control section.

Abstract: At least at least one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for using a high pressure-resistant enzyme in a high pressure condition; a method for promoting the activity of the high pressure-resistant enzyme by means of a high pressure treatment; a composition, which contains the high pressure-resistant enzyme, for decomposing proteins under a high pressure condition; a composition, which contains the composition for decomposing proteins, for preparing natural flavoring substances; a container for high pressure treatment, which contains the composition for decomposing proteins; and a method for measuring the activity of the high pressure-resistant enzyme, which comprises a step of decomposing an azocasein solution serving as a substrate by using the high pressure-resistant enzyme treated under a high pressure condition.

Abstract: A display device and a driving method thereof are disclosed. In one aspect, the display device includes a plurality of pixels, each including a driver which generates a driving current according to an input image data signal and a light emission portion formed of an organic light-emitting diode which emits light according to the driving current and at least one dummy pixel connected to a repair line that is connected to a light emission portion of at least one first pixel among the plurality of pixels. The dummy pixel includes a dummy pixel driver having the same structure as the drivers of each of the plurality of pixels, a dummy pixel light emission portion formed of an organic light-emitting diode, and a repair driver which transmits a driving current generated in the dummy pixel driver through the repair line when a driver of the first pixel fails.

Abstract: A mounting bush is provided including: an outer pipe inserted into a mounting member of a vehicle and having protrusions on an inner surface of the outer pipe; an inner pipe that is concentric with the outer pipe, inserted into the outer pipe at a location spaced inward from the outer pipe by a predetermined distance, and having recesses at locations corresponding to the protrusions; and a filling material filled between the outer pipe and the inner pipe.

Abstract: At least at least one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for using a high pressure-resistant enzyme in a high pressure condition; a method for promoting the activity of the high pressure-resistant enzyme by means of a high pressure treatment; a composition, which contains the high pressure-resistant enzyme, for decomposing proteins under a high pressure condition; a composition, which contains the composition for decomposing proteins, for preparing natural flavoring substances; a container for high pressure treatment, which contains the composition for decomposing proteins; and a method for measuring the activity of the high pressure-resistant enzyme, which comprises a step of decomposing an azocasein solution serving as a substrate by using the high pressure-resistant enzyme treated under a high pressure condition.