Abstract: An automotive air conditioning system comprising a main heating unit 4 for heating air passing through an air conditioning duct 2 with cooling water of an engine E and a refrigeration cycle device 20 having a first refrigerant circulating circuit 21 which is a cooler mode and a second refrigerant circulating circuit 22 which is a heater mode and whose operation is controlled by an ECU 10, wherein while the automotive air conditioning system is operated in a heater mode functioning as auxiliary heating, in the event that a heating load is equal to or larger than a predetermined value, a refrigerant compressor 7 is kept switched off until a predetermined time T1 has elapsed after the engine E has started.

Abstract: In the air conditioner of the present invention, both the normal cooling mode operation, in which refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is made to flow in the condenser 2, and the heating mode operation conducted by the hot gas bypass, in which refrigerant is made to bypass the condenser and directly flow in the evaporator 4 via the throttle 17, can be conducted. Before this heating mode operation, after the compressor is turned on for a predetermined period of time in the cooling mode, the compressor is turned off for a predetermined period of time, so that refrigerant residing in the condenser can be recovered into the hot gas cycle, and then a hot gas operation, which is the heating mode, is conducted.

Abstract: In a refrigerant cycle system having a hot gas heater function, a valve device includes a solenoid valve for opening and closing a communication between a compressor and a condenser, a differential pressure valve opened by a pressure difference between a discharge side of the compressor and an inlet side of the condenser when the solenoid valve is closed for directly introducing gas refrigerant from the discharge side of the compressor into an evaporator, and a check valve for preventing refrigerant discharged from the compressor from flowing into the condenser when the solenoid valve is opened. In the valve device, at least the three valves are integrated by a housing member to construct an integrated member.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner selectively switches one of a cooling mode in which an interior heat exchanger of a refrigerant cycle is operated as an evaporator for cooling air, and a hot-gas heating mode in which the interior heat exchanger is operated as a radiator for heating air. The cooling mode is selected by turning on an air-conditioning switch, and the hot-gas heating mode is selected by turning on a hot gas switch. When both the switches are turned on at the same time, a control unit determines a priority mode having a higher necessity among the hot-gas heating mode and the cooling mode. Specifically, the hot-gas heating mode is automatically set by the control unit when the outside air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, and the cooling mode is automatically set by the control unit when the outside air temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner selectively switches one of a cooling mode in which an interior heat exchanger of a refrigerant cycle is operated as an evaporator for cooling air, and a heating mode in which the interior heat exchanger is operated as a radiator for heating air. In the vehicle air conditioner, an accumulator, for separating gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant from each other and for storing the separated liquid refrigerant therein, is disposed between an outlet of the interior heat exchanger and a suction port of a compressor. Further, the accumulator includes a heating device for heating the liquid refrigerant stored in the accumulator in the heating mode. Therefore, heating performance for heating air in heating mode can be efficiently improved.

Abstract: A process cartridge removably insertable in a body of an image-forming apparatus. The process cartridge has at least one constituent element executing an image formation process, and a non-volatile memory. In the non-volatile memory, data having an identical content are stored at a plurality of mutually spaced locations, the number of which depends on a kind of the data. With respect the locations for the data of an identical content, an address shift amount from one location to another is set according to the kind of the data.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle has a plurality of heat enhancing means including at least a hot gas heater cycle for heating air blown into a passenger compartment by directly introducing a discharged gas refrigerant from a compressor into an interior heat exchanger. Additionally, an electric heater is provided as another passenger compartment heating enhancing means. When heat requirements are high (outside air temperature is low), both the hot gas heater cycle and the electric heater are activated, and when the heat requirements decrease, the hot gas heater cycle is deactivated first, and then the electric heater is deactivated. Therefore, the adverse effects of a vehicle compartment temperature that the driver is sensing can be avoided. Additionally, controlling vehicle window fogging associated with an operation of the hot gas heater cycle is possible.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, a refrigerant cycle system is constructed to switch a cooling refrigerant cycle where an interior heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, and a hot gas heater cycle where the interior heat exchanger is used as a radiator. Further, it is determined whether the interior heat exchanger has a quantity of retained water in a heating mode due to the hot gas heater cycle. When it is determined that the quantity of retained water is in the interior heat exchanger in the heating mode, operation of a compressor of the refrigerant cycle system is intermittently controlled so that temperature of air blown from the interior heat exchanger becomes lower than temperature of a vehicle windshield.

Abstract: In a freezing cycle apparatus that switches between a cooling mode and a heating mode, wherein a low-pressure refrigerant is evaporated in an evaporator 18 for cooling the air during a cooling mode and a hot gas refrigerant is introduced from the discharge side of a compressor 10 directly into the evaporator 18. A variable displacement type compressor capable of varying the displacement is used as the compressor 10. The displacement of the compressor 10 is controlled such that the refrigerant flow rate in the cooling or heating cycle is a predetermined target flow rate during the cooling and the heating mode.

Abstract: In a refrigerant cycle system, a low-pressure side gas-liquid separator is disposed between a refrigerant outlet side of an evaporator and a refrigerant suction side of a compressor so that gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor, and a throttle passage through which liquid refrigerant is introduced into the compressor is disposed in the low-pressure side gas-liquid separator. Further, in a condenser for condensing gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor in a cooling mode, both first and second heat-exchanging units are provided in this order in a refrigerant flow direction, and a high-pressure side gas-liquid separator is disposed between the first and second heat-exchanging units.

Abstract: A first microprocessor controls the operation of a document conveying device, and a second microprocessor controls the operation of a copying device. A third microprocessor connected to the first and second microprocessors monitors the operation state of each of the first and second microprocessors. When an abnormality occurs in one of the first and second microprocessors, the third microprocessor determines an image forming operation controllable only by the other microprocessor. The third microprocessor makes the other microprocessor execute the determined image forming operation.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle is switched from a refrigeration cycle circuit to a hot gas heater circuit to make the hot gas discharged from a compressor flow into an evaporator and heat the vehicle passenger compartment, at which time, when a suction pressure (Ps) of the compressor becomes a low pressure below a first predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made larger to ensure a sufficient auxiliary heating performance. Further, when the hot gas is made to flow into the evaporator to heat the vehicle passenger compartment, if the suction pressure (Ps). of the compressor becomes a higher pressure over a second predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made smaller to protect the refrigeration cycle parts and lighten the ON, OFF shock.

Abstract: A refrigerating cycle apparatus is used in an air-conditioning system of an automotive vehicle, which is capable of operating in a hot gas bypass heating mode. Here, the discharge side of a compressor is directly connected through a hot gas bypass conduit to the inlet side of an evaporator. The evaporator acts as a radiator, heated by gas refrigerant. The compressor is stopped during operation of the apparatus in this heating mode when a physical quantity representing the high-side pressure at the compressor discharge side rises above a set value. The compressor is restarted when a physical quantity representing a heating capacity (for example the high-side pressure) falls below a set value which indicates that there is no heating capacity in the stopped state of the compressor. As a result, the heating capacity obtained through hot gas bypass can be controlled well without frequent stopping and restarting of the compressor.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, during a cooling mode of a refrigerant cycle, refrigerant discharged from a compressor passes through a condenser and flows into a heat exchanger used as an evaporator after being press-reduced in a first press-reducing unit. On the other hand, during a heating mode of the refrigerant cycle, refrigerant discharged from the compressor is directly introduced into the heat exchanger used as a radiator after being press-reduced in a second press-reducing unit, while bypassing the condenser and the first press-reducing unit. During the heating mode or during the cooling mode when outside air temperature is low, a double layer flow mode is set so that outside air flows toward a defroster opening through a first air passage and inside air flows toward a foot opening through a second air passage partitioned from the first air passage. Thus, it can prevent a windshield from being fogged due to vaporization of condensed water on the heater exchanger during the heating mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transferring device equipped with an endless rotating member for transferring a recording sheet while holding the recording sheet on a surface of the rotating member by rotating the rotating member. This transferring device has a first position, a second position and a third position in this order along a rotation path of the rotating member.

Abstract: A process cartridge having a nonvolatile memory for storing prescribed information corresponding to addresses is detachably attached to a main body of an image forming device. The nonvolatile memory stores first destination information of “shipment destination” data to be used to control the printing operation by a control system of the main body of the image forming device and second destination information of “lot No.” data not to be used to control the printing operation by the control system. The nonvolatile memory allows the image forming device to perform an appropriate printing operation without changing a program of the main body of the image forming device even when a new destination is arisen for a reason of production management, marketing etc. after beginning to put the image forming device on the market.

Abstract: A process cartridge removably insertable in a body of an image-forming apparatus. The process cartridge has at least one constituent element executing an image formation process, and a non-volatile memory. In the non-volatile memory, data having an identical content are stored at a plurality of mutually spaced locations, the number of which depends on a kind of the data. With respect the locations for the data of an identical content, an address shift amount from one location to another is set according to the kind of the data.

Abstract: In a refrigerant cycle system having a hot gas heater function, a valve device includes a solenoid valve for opening and closing a communication between a compressor and a condenser, a differential pressure valve opened by a pressure difference between a discharge side of the compressor and an inlet side of the condenser when the solenoid valve is closed for directly introducing gas refrigerant from the discharge side of the compressor into an evaporator, and a check valve for preventing refrigerant discharged from the compressor from flowing into the condenser when the solenoid valve is opened. In the valve device, at least the three valves are integrated by a housing member to construct an integrated member.

Abstract: In a refrigerant cycle system, a low-pressure side gas-liquid separator is disposed between a refrigerant outlet side of an evaporator and a refrigerant suction side of a compressor so that gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor, and a throttle passage through which liquid refrigerant is introduced into the compressor is disposed in the low-pressure side gas-liquid separator. Further, in a condenser for condensing gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor in a cooling mode, both first and second heat-exchanging units are provided in this order in a refrigerant flow direction, and a high-pressure side gas-liquid separator is disposed between the first and second heat-exchanging units.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle is switched from a refrigeration cycle circuit to a hot gas heater circuit to make the hot gas discharged from a compressor flow into an evaporator and heat the vehicle passenger compartment, at which time, when a suction pressure (Ps) of the compressor becomes a low pressure below a first predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made larger to ensure a sufficient auxiliary heating performance. Further, when the hot gas is made to flow into the evaporator to heat the vehicle passenger compartment, if the suction pressure (Ps) of the compressor becomes a higher pressure over a second predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made smaller to protect the refrigeration cycle parts and lighten the ON, OFF shock.