Abstract: A phenolic resin composite material includes a phenolic resin, a filler dispersed in the phenolic resin and being a reinforcement member and an organized layered clay mineral being different from the filler and dispersed uniformly in the phenolic resin. The phenolic resin composite material is improved in terms of the heat resistance as well as the mechanical strengths.

Abstract: A luminescent device for reducing unevenness of brightness. The luminescent device includes a transparent substrate, which has a light exit surface and an incident surface, and a luminescent element, which is formed on the incident surface of the transparent substrate. The luminescent element includes a transparent electrode formed on the incident surface of the transparent substrate, an auxiliary electrode formed on a part of the transparent electrode, and a thin-film layer, which is formed on the transparent electrode, for emitting light. The transparent substrate includes a projection formed on the light exit surface.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display. The display comprises a transparent electrode, a metal electrode and a organic thin layer which is disposed between the pair of electrodes and which includes a light emitting layer. The metal electrode has a reflection scattering property. Since the metal electrode has a reflection scattering property, the ambient light is reflected in various directions so that the reflected light returns and is incident on the color filter. In this way, within the incident light due to reflection scattering on any of the filter regions that has a different color from that of light already transmitted through the filter regions, light with different wavelength from that of the incident light is attenuated. Accordingly, the reflection of the ambient light is further attenuated.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element including an organic luminescent material having electroluminescent characteristics and which suppresses generation of ultraviolet light. The organic luminescent material is made only of a material that emits light having a wavelength of no less than 380 nm and no more than 800 nm.

Abstract: An area light emitting device includes a transparent or translucent substrate and an area light emitting element arranged on the substrate. The substrate includes a first surface facing the area light emitting element and a second surface facing away from the area light emitting element. The area light emitting element emits light that enters the first surface and exits from the second surface. The second surface includes a recess for accommodating an optical member that changes the characteristics of the light emitted from the area light emitting element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a liquid crystal panel and an organic EL device, which functions as a backlight. The organic EL device includes a Peltier element, which functions as a substrate, and an organic EL element formed on the Peltier element. The organic EL element includes an organic EL layer and first and second electrodes, which sandwich the organic EL layer. The first electrode is shared with a metal layer, which is a heat absorbing electrode of the Peltier element. The second electrode is formed from ITO, which transmits visible light. Light emitted from the organic EL element exits from the second electrode. As a result, the organic EL device is thin and has a superior cooling effect.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device that is capable of changing the gradation of emitted light without changing the chromaticity of the light. The organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention has an organic electroluminescent element and a drive unit. The organic electroluminescent element has a pair of electrodes and an electroluminescent layer provided between the electrodes. The electroluminescent layer contains at least two types of phosphorescent materials. Each phosphorescent material emits light the color of which is different from the color of light emitted by the other phosphorescent material. The drive unit is electrically connected to the organic electroluminescent element. The drive unit supplies to the organic electroluminescent element a current that has a modulated pulse width and a constant amplitude, thereby causing the organic electroluminescent element to emit light.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide is used for a soft etchant in a soft etching step in a smear removing process performed prior to a catalyst applying process for chemical copper plating after formation of via holes through an insulating layer of a multi-layer substrate by irradiation of laser. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 2.4 times or less than the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the concentration of sulfuric acid is in a range of 9 to 90 g/l, and the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. More preferably, the concentration of sulfuric acid is in a range of 9 to 18 g/l, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is in a range of 33 to 38.5 g/l. As a result, smear can be certainly removed without excessively etching a conductive layer in the smear removing process.

Abstract: A lighting system and a display prevent moisture from entering a light emitting element. The lighting system and a display of the present invention include an electroluminescent layer located between a first electrode and a second electrode. The electroluminescent layer functions as a light emitting element. A passivation film is located on the first electrode. The passivation film blocks moisture thereby sealing the electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light source body and a plurality of resonant layers. The light source body generates light. Each of the plurality of resonant layers resonates the light with a predetermined wavelength. Each of the wavelengths of the light resonated by the resonant layers is different from at least one of the other wavelengths of the light resonated by the resonant layers.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine calculates a target indicated torque and determines operating degree for engine control actuators such as an air system, a fuel system and an ignition system. The target indicated torque for an idling condition of the engine is calculated based on a constant target indicated power, e.g. the constant target indicated power has a value that corresponds to or slightly overcomes internal and external loss when the engine is in the idling. Although an idling speed control with a feedback control method is inhibited during a transient condition of the engine, the constant target indicated power provides a self-stabilizing to maintain the engine speed constant. As a result, the apparatus maintain the engine speed constant during the idling even external disturbance is applied to the engine.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising the reaction product of a benzotriazole compound having a polymerizable vinyl group and a hydroxyl group with a silane compound and/or a (partial) hydrolyzate thereof is applied to plastic substrates, typically polycarbonate resin substrates to form transparent coatings having improved mar, weather and chemical resistance.

Abstract: Automotive control system designed to control a plurality of controlled elements installed in the vehicle is provided. The control system includes control circuits and a manager circuit. The control circuits are designed to perform given control tasks using pre-defined controlled variables. The manager circuit is designed to determine a target value of a preselected output parameter of at least one of the controlled elements in the form of a second controlled variable different from one of the controlled variables employed in the control circuit for the one of the controlled elements. The control system also includes an adaptor designed to translate the second controlled variable indicative of the target value of the output parameter into a value of the corresponding controlled variable. This allows the control system to be constructed easily without redesigning typical controlled elements.

Abstract: A display unit has first and second substrates, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescent display, a reflector and a plurality of common electrodes. The liquid crystal display is located between the substrates. The organic electroluminescent display is located between the first substrate and the liquid crystal display. The organic electroluminescent display has an organic electroluminescent layer. The reflector reflects a light that passes through the organic electroluminescent layer and the liquid crystal display. The common electrodes are commonly used for both displays. Pixels are formed on both displays. In each display, each pixel is located at a position that corresponds to one of the common electrodes.

Abstract: An improved vehicle driving control device controls a vehicle without giving vehicle occupants a feeling of abnormality during acceleration and deceleration and optimally controls the operating torque of the engine. A vehicle driving control procedure sets the target operation torque of the vehicle and determines a target engine torque and a target engine speed from the target operation torque. Engine control is performed according to the target parameters. To compute each target parameter of the engine, the target output torque of a torque converter is first computed from the target operation torque, to determine the condition of a lockup clutch. Furthermore, each target parameter is computed in accordance with a control law set in accordance with the condition of the lockup clutch.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display unit has a liquid crystal panel, a plurality of color filter members and an organic electroluminescent device. The liquid crystal panel has a plurality of sub-pixels. The color filter members have different colors for displaying a color image. Each color filter member is located at a position corresponding to at least one of the sub-pixels. The organic electroluminescent device is located behind the liquid crystal panel. The organic electroluminescent device has a plurality of organic electroluminescent bodies. Each organic electroluminescent body is located opposite to a corresponding color filter member that has the same color as the color of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent body. Each organic electroluminescent body emits light toward the corresponding color filter member.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising the reaction product of a benzotriazole compound having a polymerizable vinyl group and a hydroxyl group with a silane compound and/or a (partial) hydrolyzate thereof is applied to plastic substrates, typically polycarbonate resin substrates to form transparent coatings having improved mar, weather and chemical resistance.

Abstract: A display of the present invention includes a transmissive liquid crystal panel and a backlight panel. Outside light that is irradiated on to the display is reflected by a reflective electrode located in the backlight panel. The reflected outside light is scattered by a scattering portion located in the backlight panel and returns to the liquid crystal panel. This improves the quality of an image displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A lighting system and a display are capable of efficiently using light emitted by a light emitting element. The lighting system and the display according to the present invention include prisms located in an electroluminescent layer, which functions as the light emitting element. Each prism reflects or refracts light incident to the prism such that light emitted by the electroluminescent layer reaches an interface between the electroluminescent layer and a transparent electrode at an angle that is less than the critical angle at the interface.

Abstract: A color display unit has a substrate, an organic electroluminescent device, a passivation film and a color filter. The organic electroluminescent device is located on the substrate. The organic electroluminescent device has an electroluminescent layer composed of organic electroluminescent material. The passivation film covers the organic electroluminescent device so that the electroluminescent layer is not exposed to the outside air. The color filter is located on the passivation film.