Abstract: An organic light emitting diode color display unit has a substrate, an organic electroluminescent device formed on the substrate, a transparent cover plate disposed opposite to the substrate and a color filter element formed on the transparent cover plate. The organic electroluminescent device includes an electroluminescent zone comprising a thin film of an organic electroluminescent material. The color filter element is spaced from the organic electroluminescent device and associated with the organic electroluminescent device. Light from the organic electroluminescent device is emitted from the transparent cover plate.

Abstract: A display includes a display surface, an electroluminescent panel, which has a plurality of electroluminescent elements, and a liquid crystal panel, which has a plurality of liquid crystal elements. The liquid crystal panel and the electroluminescent panel overlaps each other in the front and rear direction of the display. The electroluminescent elements and the liquid crystal elements are aligned with each other in the front and rear direction of the display. In the display, at least one of the electroluminescent elements and the liquid crystal elements function as pixels to show an image on the display surface. Therefore, the display can show an image in the appropriate manner in accordance with an environment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, which has a plurality of pixel rows, and a backlight located at the rear of the liquid crystal panel. The backlight includes a plurality of thin-film organic electroluminescent elements. Each organic electroluminescent element flashes independently from the other organic electroluminescent elements. Each electroluminescent element corresponds to one of the pixel rows and radiates light toward the corresponding pixel row. This structure reduces thickness and power consumption of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A copper plating method for a via hole formed on a multi-layer substrate is provided. The via hole interconnects conductive layers of the multi-layer substrate. The method includes performing chemical copper plating on an inner wall of the via hole and performing electrolytic copper plating on the inner wall of the via hole, on which the chemical copper plating has been performed. The electrolytic copper plating includes a first stage and second stage. The first stage is performed with a current density equal to or less than 1.5 A/dm2 to deposit copper film having a thickness of 1 &mgr;m or more. The second stage is performed at a current density higher than that in the first stage.

Abstract: In a vehicular control system, when in the engine ECU, ATECU or brake ECU there occurs important information which requires an urgent response by any of the other ECUs, the important information is transmitted directly to the corresponding ECU through an important information communication line L1 without going through a manager ECU 10. Therefore, a controller in the ECU receives the important information and immediately controls the corresponding component based on the important information.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide is used for a soft etchant in a soft etching step in a smear removing process performed prior to a catalyst applying process for chemical copper plating after formation of via holes through an insulating layer of a multi-layer substrate by irradiation of laser. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 1.4 times or less higher than the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the concentration of sulfuric acid is in a range of 5 to 50 g/l, and the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. More preferably, the concentration of sulfuric acid is in a range of 5 to 10 g/l, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is in a range of 30 to 35 g/l. As a result, smear can be certainly removed without excessively etching a conductive layer in the smear removing process.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composite material includes a phenolic resin, a filler dispersed in the phenolic resin and being a reinforcement member and an organized layered clay mineral being different from the filler and dispersed uniformly in the phenolic resin. The phenolic resin composite material is improved in terms of the heat resistance as well as the mechanical strengths.

Abstract: An integrated vehicle control system for integratedly controlling a vehicle drive system transmits a control command from a manager ECU to an engine ECU and an AT ECU. The manager ECU receives characteristic information of an engine and an AT from the engine ECU and the AT ECU. The control commands are set on the basis of the characteristic information. Further, the engine ECU and the AT ECU are provided with a plurality of control rules corresponding to different tuning patterns. The manager ECU retrieves realizable tuning patterns from these ECUs, and selects the optimum tuning pattern corresponding to a use of a vehicle.

Abstract: In a vehicle control system of this invention, a CVT ECU does not executes the calculations such as a gear ratio, etc., but simply controls the gear ratio of a CVT on the basis of the target gear ratio and a CVT input torque transmitted from a manager ECU by way of a communication line. Accordingly, when mounting a CVT unit constructed with the CVT and the CVT ECU in a vehicle, the vehicle control does not need to tune the CVT ECU one by one, even though the types and engines of vehicles are varied. Therefore, it is possible to configure the CVT unit independently of the types of vehicles, which achieves standardization or generalization of the CVT unit in terms of both the hardware and the software.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine calculates a target indicated torque and determines operating degree for engine control actuators such as an air system, a fuel system and an ignition system. The target indicated torque for an idling condition of the engine is calculated based on a constant target indicated power, e.g. the constant target indicated power has a value that corresponds to or slightly overcomes internal and external loss when the engine is in the idling. Although an idling speed control with a feedback control method is inhibited during a transient condition of the engine, the constant target indicated power provides a self-stabilizing to maintain the engine speed constant. As a result, the apparatus maintain the engine speed constant during the idling even external disturbance is applied to the engine.

Abstract: Swash plate connected to the driving shaft through lag plate and hinge structure, and slidably connected to edge of each piston through a pair of shoes in front and rear. The rotational motion of the swash plate accompanied by the rotational motion of driving shaft is converted to the reciprocating motion of the piston through shoes. PEEK coating is formed on the swash plate and the shoes that function as sliding members in the invention, at least on the sliding surface. Solid lubricant may be contained in the PEEK coating. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used for example as the solid lubricant.

Abstract: An improved vehicle driving control device controls a vehicle without giving vehicle occupants a feeling of abnormality during acceleration and deceleration and optimally controls the operating torque of the engine. A vehicle driving control procedure sets the target operation torque of the vehicle and determines a target engine torque and a target engine speed from the target operation torque. Engine control is performed according to the target parameters. To compute each target parameter of the engine, the target output torque of a torque converter is first computed from the target operation torque, to determine the condition of a lockup clutch. Furthermore, each target parameter is computed in accordance with a control law set in accordance with the condition of the lockup clutch.

Abstract: Automotive control system designed to control a plurality of controlled elements installed in the vehicle is provided. The control system includes control circuits and a manager circuit. The control circuits are designed to perform given control tasks using pre-defined controlled variables. The manager circuit is designed to determine a target value of a preselected output parameter of at least one of the controlled elements in the form of a second controlled variable different from one of the controlled variables employed in the control circuit for the one of the controlled elements. The control system also includes an adaptor designed to translate the second controlled variable indicative of the target value of the output parameter into a value of the corresponding controlled variable. This allows the control system to be constructed easily without redesigning typical controlled elements.

Abstract: In a vehicular control system, when in the engine ECU, ATECU or brake ECU there occurs important information which requires an urgent response by any of the other ECUs, the important information is transmitted directly to the corresponding ECU through an important information communication line L1 without going through a manager ECU 10. Therefore, a control means in the ECU receives the important information and immediately controls the corresponding component based on the important information.

Abstract: In a vehicle control system of this invention, a CVT ECU does not executes the calculations such as a gear ratio, etc., but simply controls the gear ratio of a CVT on the basis of the target gear ratio and a CVT input torque transmitted from a manager ECU by way of a communication line. Accordingly, when mounting a CVT unit constructed with the CVT and the CVT ECU in a vehicle, the vehicle control does not need to tune the CVT ECU one by one, even though the types and engines of vehicles are varied. Therefore, it is possible to configure the CVT unit independently of the types of vehicles, which achieves standardization or generalization of the CVT unit in terms of both the hardware and the software.

Abstract: An integrated vehicle control system for integratedly controlling a vehicle drive system transmits a control command from a manager ECU to an engine ECU and an AT ECU. The manager ECU receives characteristic information of an engine and an AT from the engine ECU and the AT ECU. The control commands are set on the basis of the characteristic information. Further, the engine ECU and the AT ECU are provided with a plurality of control rules corresponding to different tuning patterns. The manager ECU retrieves realizable tuning patterns from these ECUs, and selects the optimum tuning pattern corresponding to a use of a vehicle.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising the reaction product of a benzotriazole compound having a polymerizable vinyl group and a hydroxyl group with a silane compound and/or a (partial) hydrolyzate thereof is applied to plastic substrates, typically polycarbonate resin substrates to form transparent coatings having improved mar, weather and chemical resistance.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to offer methods for forming a film of a high quality on a swash plate for a swash plate type compressor simply and the film formed swash plate.

Abstract: A coloring layer composition for a chromatic device of the present invention contains an oxide such as tungsten oxide or niobium oxide and so on as a solute, water and an organic solvent such as propanol. In the step of forming a reduction coloring layer, a film is formed by using a peroxotungstic acid solution containing 100 parts by weight of WO.sub.3.aNb.sub.2 O.sub.5.bH.sub.2 O.sub.2.cH.sub.2 O (wherein a, b and c are each a positive number) as a solute, 20 to 120 parts by weight of water and 80 to 800 parts by weight of n-propanol as an organic solvent. At this time, a dip coating method is used, and the vertical pulling-up speed is less than 15 cm/min. The present invention can effectively prevent unevenness and separation of the reduction coloring layer.

Abstract: A sliding window slidably fitted in an opening of an automobile roof. A frame made of a hard material, which linear expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the vehicle body, is fit into the opening. A hard synthetic resin plate is fit into the frame with a flexible molding arranged therebetween. The molding has a thin section which absorbs deformation of the resin plate caused by changes in the temperature.