Abstract: A CPP thin-film magnetic head includes lower and upper shield layers separated by a predetermined distance and a thin-film magnetic head element disposed therebetween. Current flows in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the thin-film magnetic head element. The CPP thin-film magnetic head further includes an insulating layer positioned at the rear of the thin-film magnetic head element in a height direction and covering the thin-film magnetic head element and the lower shield layer, a first nonmagnetic metal layer provided in a region defined by the insulating layer, and a second nonmagnetic metal layer disposed between the upper shield layer and the first nonmagnetic metal layer, the insulating layer, and the thin-film magnetic head element. The second nonmagnetic metal layer allows current to flow from the upper shield layer to the thin-film magnetic head element through the first nonmagnetic metal layer.

Abstract: On a multilayer film formed on a lower electrode layer, a resist layer having cutaway parts at a lower portion is formed, and on parts of the upper surface of the multilayer film which are not overlapped with the resist layer except for areas inside the cutaway parts, first gap layers are formed. Accordingly, a predetermined gap T1 can be formed between the first gap layers in the track width direction. Next, in the following step, two end surfaces of the multilayer film and the first gap layers in the track width direction are milled. Hence, according to the present invention, compared to the case in the past, the predetermined gap T1 provided between the first gap layers can be formed into a minute size with superior accuracy, the current path-squeezing structure can be easily formed, and a magnetic sensor having superior change in resistance (?R) and reproduction output can be manufactured.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head includes a gap layer which may be made of a SiON film to increase Young's modulus E to about 123.3 (GPa) or more. As a result, the gap layer is less pushed from a surface facing a recording medium in the height direction during lapping of the surface facing the recording medium, thereby decreasing the amount of protrusion of the gap layer from the facing surface as compared with a conventional magnetic head.

Abstract: On a multilayer film formed on a lower electrode layer, a resist layer having cutaway parts at a lower portion is formed, and on parts of the upper surface of the multilayer film which are not overlapped with the resist layer except for areas inside the cutaway parts, first gap layers are formed. Accordingly, a predetermined gap T1 can be formed between the first gap layers in the track width direction. Next, in the following step, two end surfaces of the multilayer film and the first gap layers in the track width direction are milled. Hence, according to the present invention, compared to the case in the past, the predetermined gap T1 provided between the first gap layers can be formed into a minute size with superior accuracy, the current path-squeezing structure can be easily formed, and a magnetic sensor having superior change in resistance (&Dgr;R) and reproduction output can be manufactured.

Abstract: A CPP giant magnetoresistive head includes lower and upper shield layers with a predetermined distance therebetween, and a giant magnetoresistive element (GMR) including pinned and free magnetic layers disposed between the upper and lower shield layers with a nonmagnetic layer interposed between the pinned and free magnetic layers. A current flows perpendicularly to the film plane of the GMR. The magnetoresistive head further includes an antiferromagnetic layer (an insulating AF of Ni—O or &agr;-Fe2O3) provided in the rear of the GMR in a height direction to make contact with the upper or lower surface of a rear portion of the pinned magnetic layer which extends in the height direction, and an exchange coupling magnetic field is produced at the interface with the upper or lower surface, so that the magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer is pinned by the exchange coupling magnetic field in the height direction.

Abstract: A CPP giant magnetoresistive head includes lower and upper shield layers, and a giant magnetoresistive element disposed between the upper and lower shield layers and including a pinned magnetic layer, a free magnetic layer and a nonmagnetic layer disposed between the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer. In the CPP giant magnetoresistive head, the pinned magnetic layer extends to the rear of the nonmagnetic layer and the free magnetic layer in the height direction, and the dimension of the pinned magnetic layer in the height direction is larger than that in the track width direction. Also, the pinned magnetic layer comprises a magnetic material having a positive magnetostriction constant or a magnetic material having high coercive force, and the end of the pinned magnetic layer is exposed at a surface facing a recording medium.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head includes a lower gap layer and/or an upper gap layer made of an AlSiO film having a Si content of 2 at % to 9 at % of the total or an AlSiON film further having a N content of 2 at % to 10 at %. Therefore, the insulation performance, developer resistance, smoothness and heat radiation property of the gap layer can be improved as compared with a gap layer made of Al2O3.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing element with improved magnetic detection output and a method for making the same are provided. In the magnetic sensing element, the length of an upper pinned magnetic layer an upper antiferromagnetic layer in a track width direction is larger than the length of a free magnetic layer in the track width direction. In making the magnetic sensing element, there is no need to remove side portions of the upper pinned magnetic layer and the upper antiferromagnetic layer. The materials of the upper pinned magnetic layer and the upper antiferromagnetic layer are thus prevented from redepositing on two side faces of the free magnetic layer during milling.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing element includes a composite film, a lower shield layer, and a lower electrode layer and an upper electrode layer for supplying a current perpendicular to the composite film. The composite film has an antiferromagnetic layer, a pinned magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic layer, and a free magnetic layer. The composite film has a top face and two side faces in a track width direction. Each of the two side faces has a bent position. The angle defined by the side face below the bent position and the top face is larger than the angle defined by the side face above the bent position and the top face. The bent portion preferably lies on the lower electrode layer or the lower shield layer.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head includes a lower gap layer and/or an upper gap layer made of an AlSiO film having a Si content of 2 at% to 9 at% of the total or an AlSiON film further having a N content of 2 at% to 10 at%. Therefore, the insulation performance, developer resistance, smoothness and heat radiation property of the gap layer can be improved as compared with a gap layer made of Al2O3.

Abstract: A thermosetting covering sheet comprising an unhardened or semihardened layer made of a thermosetting resin composition is provided. The thermosetting resin composition comprises, as main ingredients, a reactive acrylic resin, which is in a solid state at ordinary temperatures, and a blocked isocyanate, the reactive acrylic resin containing a plurality of at least one kind of functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl, and the weight average molecular weight of the reactive acrylic resin being in the range of 100,000 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: A package for a photographic film cartridge which comprises a paper tube treated with a moistureproofing treatment. The paper tube contains a photographic film cartridge and has moistureproof caps fitted to both end openings of the paper tube. The inside surface of the moistureproof caps is joined to the inside or outside surface of the paper tube by thermal adhesion. In this package, since the package is composed of a naturally decomposable paper tube as the main material, the package can be made compact and lightweight, and waste treatment is easy.

Abstract: A magazine for admitting a roll of photosensitive material for photographic printer in a drawable state which comprises, a lightproof box made of paper, a cylindrical member made of paper which is provided in said box and which rotatably supports said roll of photosensitive material, and a support member made of paper which supports said cylindrical member.This magazine is a drawaway type, and it can be manufactured easily and inexpensively. It is easy to use, and there is no problem in its waste treatment.

Abstract: A horizontally moving automatic outer surface cleaning apparatus comprising horizontal rails provided above and below a surface to be cleaned such as a window glass and a carrier having engaging means for engaging with the horizontal rails for enabling the carrier to be guided along the rails. On the carrier, there are mounted drive means for driving the carrier to move along the horizontal rails, water spray means for spraying water over the surface to be cleaned, wiper means for cleaning the surface by wiping the surface and a soiled water tank containing soiled water collected as a result of wiping by the wiper means. In a preferred embodiment, the carrier consists of a main carrier and a work carrier coupled to the main carrier in such a manner that the carrier can move along a curved portion which can be formed in the horizontal rails.

Abstract: A container for a roll of a light-sensitive strip material having an opening for drawing out the light-sensitive strip material where teremp cloth is provided, which is characterized in that ground fabric structure of the teremp cloth is a knit structure and more than 20% of the pile yarns are looped.In the teremp cloth used for the container of the invention, each pile yarn winds around the warp or the weft of the ground fabric and fraying or falling out of pile yarn does not occur. Generation of pile yarn dust during manufacturing process is minor, and trouble with exposure and development caused by adhesion of pile yarn dust is solved even under high temperature and high humidity conditions.