Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition comprises dielectric particles as a disperse-phase and an electrically insulating oil as a dispersion medium, wherein the dielectric particle has a polymer portion and an electrically conductive carbon black portion and the polymer portion is grafted on the carbon black portion. The electrorheological fluid composition shows a large change in viscosity and the small current properties under an applied electric field, and excellent fluidity and dispersion stability in an absence of an applied electric field.

Abstract: A method for the production of a fluorine-containing aromatic compound is provided which allows the relevant reaction to proceed in a standard reaction vessel such as, for example, a glass vessel at room temperature under an ambient pressure without requiring provision of such special devices as have been necessary heretofore or adoption of harsh reaction conditions. This method comprises causing an aromatic compound (A) having a cyclic skeletal part of 6 to 16 carbon atoms containing a plurality of --C(.dbd.O)X groups, wherein X stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and having the remaining hydrogen atoms unsubstituted or partly or wholly substituted with at least one species of halogen atom to react with a compound (B) represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently stand for an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.

Abstract: A third-order nonlinear optical material having a metal oxide contained in a transparent polymer.

Abstract: The water-soluble electrically-conductive polyaniline of this invention is such that the aromatic rings of the skeleton thereof are substituted by an average of 0.1-4 sulfonic acid (salt) groups and an average of 0-3.9 H's or other substituents (providing that the total of the number of sulfonic acids (salts) and that of other substituents is 4) per aromatic ring and 0.025-1 nitrogen atom of each of the nitrogen atoms in the main skeleton is doped with an external dopant. It is obtained by causing polyaniline to react with chlorosulfuric acid and then subjecting the reaction product to hydrolysis.The antistatic agent of this invention is formed by using a water-soluble electrically-conductive polymer which has been doped with an external dopant.

Abstract: A carbon black graft polymer which excels in stability of dispersion in various media, coloring property, and imperviousness to light is obtained by mixing under heating a block- or graft-copolymer having a segment (A) containing a reactive group capable of reacting with a functional group on the surface of carbon black and a segment (B) different in skeletal structure from the segment (A) with carbon black. The carbon black graft polymer, by causing the graft chain thereof to incorporate therein an ethylenically unsaturated double bond and/or a carboxyl group, is enabled to manifest photosensitivity, developability with an alkali, and insulating property and acquire usefulness for a black photocurable resin composition such as, for example, the material for the formation of a black matrix particularly in a color filter.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition is composed of a dispersed phase of dielectric solid particles and a dispersion medium of an electrically insulating solution, wherein the solution is composed of 99-75% by weight of silicone oil and 1-25% by weight of an organic compound having at least one unsaturated bond. The composition generates a large shear stress even under an electric field of relatively low intensity, and the concurrent current density is small. The composition shows excellent performances also in terms of its withstanding dielectric breakdown strength under an electric field of high intensity and the fluidity and re-dispersibility in the absence of an electric field. In the meantime, the composition has high durability of the generated shear stress and the current density.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising dielectric particles and an insulating liquid and characterized by exhibiting a viscosity of not more than 0.2 Pa.cndot.s at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and a structural viscosity satisfying the condition of the formula (1):0.01 Pa.cndot.s.ltoreq..eta..sub.1 -.eta..sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5 Pa.cndot.s (1)wherein .eta..sub.1 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 3.3/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field and .eta..sub.2 is a viscosity in at a shear rate of 33/s when measured at 25.degree. C. in the absence of supply of an electric field. This electrorheological fluid generates a large shear stress, exhibits an excellent current property and an excellent durability, and excels particularly in dispersion stability, redispersibility and fluidity.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dispersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid composition comprising a dispersion of disperse-phase particles formed of a sulfonated polymer possessing aromatic rings substituted with sulfonic acid groups in an electrically non-conducting oil which electrorheological fluid is characterized by the fact that the number of sulfonic acid groups in said sulfonated polymer forming said disperse-phase particles exceeds the number of aromatic rings present in said sulfonated polymer.

Abstract: An electroreheological field comprising a dielectric particle as the dispersed phase, an insulating oil as the dispersing medium, and an additive, the additive being substantially insoluble in the dipersing medium, and being a composite containing a polysiloxane-containing structural unit (A), and at least one dispersed phase absorbing chain-containing structural unit (B) selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide chain-containing structural unit (B-1), a nitrogen atom chain-containing structural unit (B-2), and a long hydrocarbon chain-containing structural unit (B-3).