Abstract: A tube connecting apparatus for grasping and heating to melt and alternately connect the cut ends of a plurality of tubes is disclosed. A first tube holder and a second tube holder for grasping the tubes are provided with a pair of clamps having holding portions for holding a plurality of tubes; each of the pair of clamps being moved into contact with, and away from, each other. One or both of the holding portions of the first tube holder and the second tube holder are formed of semi-circular separatable members and having a symmetry of rotation in relation to the center of the rotating axis, and have a grasping means for moving into contact with, and away from, the pair of clamps and have a rotating means for rotating the semi-circular holding portions of one or both of the first tube holder and the second tube holder.

Abstract: A tube connecting apparatus for grasping and heating to melt and alternately connect the cut ends of a plurality of tubes is disclosed. A first tube holder and a second tube holder for grasping the tubes are provided with a pair of clamps having holding portions for holding a plurality of tubes; each of the pair of clamps being moved into contact with, and away from, each other. One or both of the holding portions of the first tube holder and the second tube holder are formed of semi-circular separatable members and having a symmetry of rotation in relation to the center of the rotating axis, and have a grasping means for moving into contact with, and away from, the pair of clamps and have a rotating means for rotating the semi-circular holding portions of one or both of the first tube holder and the second tube holder.

Abstract: A method for preparing a (meth)acrylic acid ester, which comprises reacting (meth)acrylic acid with a C.sub.1-3 alcohol in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin as a catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure while the molar ratio of the alcohol to the (meth)acrylic acid is adjusted to be less than 1, whereby it is possible not only to improve the esterification yield by one pass but also to reduce the amount of a by-product alkoxypropionate which is problematic in the purification system.

Abstract: A method for preparing a (meth)acrylic acid ester, which comprises reacting (meth)acrylic acid with a C.sub.1-3 alcohol in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin as a catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure while the molar ratio of the alcohol to the (meth)acrylic acid is adjusted to be less than 1, whereby it is possible not only to improve the esterification yield by one pass but also to reduce the amount of a by-product alkoxypropionate which is problematic in the purification system.

Abstract: An insulating substrate has a heat generating resistor and an electrical conductor on its surface. A pair of conductors, such as power or communication leads, are connected to a protected circuit. A rated voltage element and the heat generating resistor is connected in series between the lines. The electrical conductor is connected in series between one of the lines and the protected circuit. When a continuous overvoltage greater than a rated voltage of the rated voltage element develops in the lines, the rated voltage element acts to draw excess current through it and the heat generating resistor. When this current reaches a certain point, heat from the overcurrent in the heat generating resistor ruptures the substrate and the electrical conductor so that both the rated voltage element and the circuit are isolated from the conductors. This protects the protected circuit from destruction of, and consequent loss of protection by, the rated voltage element.

Abstract: A fuse resistor protects a circuit from a surge, an overcurrent from an unexpected connection, or the like. When a continuous overvoltage higher than a predetermined value is applied to the circuit, the heat from a heat-generating resistant film fractures an insulating substrate of the fuse resistor to open the circuit. Changing the minimum current to which the fuse resistor responds, by modifying a cutout or notch on the substrate, makes it possible to use the fuse resistor anywhere in the circuit. A discharging-type surge absorbing element with a security mechanism that includes the fuse resistor can thus provide protection against a surge or a continuous overcurrent that is more than the rated value of the fuse resistor.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus of the present invention measures the constituent concentration of a specimen after loading into the apparatus a test piece having a test material which develops coloring as a result of a reaction with the constituents of a specimen. When the apparatus detects that the test piece having the test material has been loaded, it automatically begins to measure the constituent concentration of the specimen. That is, after the loading of the test piece is detected, a predetermined time period is measured. During this time measurement, the time period is displayed at a predetermined time interval. After the time measurement of this predetermined time period is terminated, the test material is irradiated with a light, and the intensity of the light from the test material is detected. The constituent concentration of the specimen applied to the test material can be determined on the basis of the reflected light intensity thus detected.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for measuring the constituent concentration of a specimen on the basis of the color change in a test material housed in a test piece, which has reacted because of the specimen. The apparatus irradiates the test material which is a test piece loaded in the apparatus's main body and detects the intensity of the light reflected by the test material. A detection signal detected in the above way is sampled in a time period before and after the measurement timing at which the test material changes in color because of the specimen. An average value of the sampled detection signals is determined. The constituent concentration of the specimen is computed by referring to a stored conversion table on the basis of the average value determined in the above way.

Abstract: Provided are optical shaped articles for CRT, such as projection lens and filter used for the CRT's of projection TV's, which comprise a transparent synthetic resin containing a red dyestuff or a combination of a green organic pigment and a yellow dyestuff and having specified spectral transmittance characteristics.

Abstract: In a gas-insulated switchgear apparatus, breakers of three phases are contained in a barrel-type sealed enclosure having an insulating gas sealed therein. At least one terminal of each of the breakers is connected to each of a plurality of main buses arranged on the outside of the sealed enclosure, and a common casing is attached to one side of the sealed enclosure to extend in the height direction thereof. The ground housing of each of the main buses is connected through an insulating spacer to the common casing. Connecting conductors for connecting the terminals of the breakers with the bus conductors of the main buses are led into the casing or a plurality of current transformers are arranged in the casing. By so doing, the sealed enclosure is reduced to a size having a sectional area sufficient for juxtaposition of the breakers of three phases and thus the whole gas-insulated switchgear apparatus is made more compact and smaller.

Abstract: An echo suppressor for a communication system wherein a signal sent to a transmitting line is returned to a receiving line with some delay. The suppressor comprises an attenuator for attenuating the amplitude of a received speech signal. The transmitting speech signal amplitude level is compared to the amplitude of a receiving speech signal, and according to the result obtained, a signal for controlling the signal attenuation of the attenuator is generated. The delay time, until the attenuation control signal operates on the attenuator according to a change in the amplitude level of the receiving speech signal, is controlled. The controlled delay time is normally held at a predetermined maximum value, and is minimized when a change in amplitude of the receiving speech signal indicates a beginning of speech. Thus, an echo of the speech uttered by a near end user can be suppressed without impairing a beginning of the speech signal uttered by a far end user.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthogonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthgonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.

Abstract: In a transfer roller for use in a retention type copying machine, a semiconductive transfer roller is connected through a current limiting resistor having a high resistance value of 100 M.OMEGA. to 1000 M.OMEGA. to a transferring bias voltage source. A pair of auxiliary transfer rollers made of conductive material are arranged on respective sides of the transfer roller. The auxiliary transfer rollers are connected to the transferring bias voltage source through a potentiometer. To the transfer roller is applied a first transferring bias voltage of 600 to 900 volts and to the auxiliary transfer rollers is applied a second transferring bias voltage of 400 to 650 volts. When a resistance of a record paper is decreased due to high humidity, the first transferring bias voltage is automatically decreased and the second transferring bias voltage becomes predominant.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthogonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.

Abstract: A transfer roller for electrophotographic apparatus for transferring a toner image formed on a latent image electric charge holding body to a record sheet by making the record sheet close contact with the latent image electric charge holding body, comprising an electrically conductive roller shaft connected to a transfer bias electric source and operative to apply a given transfer bias voltage between the roller shaft and the latent image electric charge holding body and an electrically conductive resilient member coated around the outer periphery of the electrically conductive roller shaft and having a resistance value which is increased in a continuous or stepwise manner toward the respective end faces at two end portions of the electrically conductive resilient member.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for a photosensitive member of an electrophotographic copying machine is provided. The apparatus comprises a cleaning brush disposed for contact with a photosensitive drum while rotating in order to remove unnecessary developing toner which attaches to the drum, means for moving the cleaning brush into contact with or away from the drum, a striker rod to strike off the toner attaching to the cleaning brush, and trap means for collecting the toner which is removed by the cleaning brush and the striker rod. An arrangement is made to cause an angular movement of the striker rod to change its surface for abutment against the brush in association with the movement of the cleaning brush into contact with or away from the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus of the retention type for forming a number of copies from the same and single electrostatic charge image once formed on a photosensitive drum by repeating successively developing and transferring operations. The electrophotographic apparatus includes a magnetic brush developing device having a fixed magnet, an aluminum sleeve arranged rotatably around the magnet, and an electrically insulating surface layer applied on the sleeve, on which sleeve surface a two component developing agent consisting of magnetic carriers and insulating toners is adhered as furs of a magnetic brush, whereby a magnetic flux density measured at the sleeve surface in a developing area is set to 600 to 800 Gauss, preferably 650 to 750 Gauss and a distance between the drum and the sleeve is selected to 2 to 5 mm, preferably 3 to 4 mm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic duplicating process suitable for high humidity conditions utilizes a magnetic brush developing device having an electrically conductive development electrode with an electrically insulating coating thereon in conjunction with a developer. The developer consists of toners with a volume resistivity higher than 10.sup.13 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. and magnetic carriers with a volume resistivity of about 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm and has a toner concentration varying from about 7% to about 13% by weight. Once formed, an electrostatic charge latent image is repeatedly developed and transferred to an image receiving member to form at least twenty duplicated copies.

Abstract: An electrophotographing method for use in a copying apparatus employing a sensitizing screen having a great number of fine apertures, made in a drum shape, and a transferring means having a conductive base plate and a charge storage layer formed on the base plate. The transferring means is constructed in the form of a drum. During the process of obtaining a great number of copies from a primary electrostatic latent image which has been stored on the sensitizing means, a secondary electrostatic latent image is formed and regenerated on the transferring means from the stored primary latent image.