Abstract: To provide a method which allows the combination of rapid formation of a chemical adsorption film with the preparation of the film which is reduced in the content of impurities and having a dense structure. A method for preparing a chemical adsorption film on the surface of a substrate containing an active hydrogen, characterized in that it includes treating a metal based surfactant having at least one hydrolyzable group with a metal oxide or a partially hydrolyzed product from a metal alkoxide and water in an organic solvent to form a solution, and contacting the solution with the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An organic thin film forming method for forming an organic thin film on a substrate surface comprising: contacting the substrate with a solution for forming an organic thin film obtained from an auxiliary agent for forming an organic thin film obtained by mixing a metal surfactant (1) having at least one hydrolytic group and a compound capable of interacting with the metal surfactant (1), and a metal surfactant (2) having at least one hydrolytic group, in an organic solvent, wherein a solution for forming an organic thin film is used in which the moisture content has been adjusted or maintained to be within a predetermined range; and, an auxiliary agent for forming an organic thin film and a solution for forming an organic thin film used in this method.

Abstract: In a vehicle equipped with a power steering device for assisting the steering of the steered wheels by the steering wheel, when the steering angle of the steered wheels reaches the maximum steering angle, a steering control device restricts a target steering angle for operating the power steering device so that the steering angle or a reaction force acting against the power steering device does not exceed a value determined therefor, so to maintain the steering condition of the steered wheels stably without applying an excessive load on the power steering device. The target steering angle may be calculated as a value based upon rotational angle of the steering wheel and turning behavior control of the vehicle.

Abstract: A drive control system for a vehicle includes a braking force control mechanism that controls braking forces on the wheels of the vehicle according to a braking operation, a steering characteristic control mechanism that varies the steering characteristic of the vehicle, a determination portion that determines whether an emergency steering operation is likely to de performed when hard braking is being applied, and a main control portion that controls the steering characteristic control mechanism so as to vary the steering characteristic of the vehicle to increase oversteering component of the vehicle if the determination portion determines that an emergency steering operation is likely to be performed.

Abstract: To suppress an oversteered condition or an understeered condition by letting the movement of the vehicle follow the operational intention of the driver as faithfully as possible by making the best use of the respective characteristics of changes of the driving force distribution between front and rear wheels, modification of the steering angle and selective braking of a selected wheel or wheels under a simple control calculation, a change of the driving force distribution between the front and rear wheels is first executed according to the progress of the oversteered or understeered condition, and when it further progresses, a modification of the steering angle, and further a selected braking of a selected wheel or wheels is further executed.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersoids having metal-oxygen groups which are suitable for the production of metal oxide thin-films at a low temperature of 200° C. or below and for the production of homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The invention also provides metal oxide thin-films and organic-inorganic hybrid materials endowed with various capabilities, particularly organic-inorganic hybrid materials having a high refractive index and high transparency. Use is made of a dispersoid having metal-oxygen bonds which is obtained by mixing a metal compound having at least three hydrolyzable groups with at least 0.5 mole but less than 2 moles of water per mole of the metal compound in an organic solvent, in the absence of an acid, a base and/or a dispersion stabilizer, and at a temperature at or below the temperature at which the metal compound begins to hydrolyze, then raising the temperature to at least the temperature at which hydrolysis begins.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an organic thin film, which enables rapid film formation, and enables a dense organic thin film with minimal impurities to be formed stably, and in a plurality of consecutive repetitions. A method for producing an organic thin film in which an organic thin film is formed on the surface of a substrate, including a step (A) of bringing the substrate into contact with an organic solvent solution containing a metal-based surfactant having at least one hydrolyzable group, and a catalyst capable of interacting with the metal-based surfactant, wherein the water content within the organic solvent solution is either set or maintained within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound which is flexibly amenable to the alteration, without impairing its photosensitivity, of its structural moiety which affects film forming ability and the resulting surface properties, the compound being capable of undergoing surface alteration by irradiation with relatively low energy wavelength, and of forming an organic thin film on a substrate with good reproducibility, and an organic thin film formed body, the compound being represented by formula (1). (In the formula, X represents a heteroatom-containing functional group capable of interacting with a surface of a metal or a metallic oxide, R represents a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C1 to C20 alkoxy group, an aryl group, or a C1 to C20 alkoxycarbonyl group; n represents an integer of 1 to 30, and m represents an integer of 0 to 5; G1 represents a single bond or a bivalent hydrocarbon radical having carbon atoms of 1 to 3; Ar represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent; G2 represents O, S, or Nr.

Abstract: A PPP termination device allowing PPP termination at a location where a decreased number of subscriber's signals are multiplexed is disclosed. The PPP termination is performed in an access gateway including a switch in the access network system. The access gateway includes a first interface to a DSLAM, a second interface to a backbone network, and a header processor for converting between a network-layer packet and a PPP data packet including the network-layer packet. The switch switches a connection among the first interface, the second interface, the PPP link controller, and the header processor, depending on which one of a PPP data packet and a link control packet is inputted. The link control packet is used for link establishment and disconnection.

Abstract: An ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cell transfer apparatus includes an input interface, a switch block, and an OAM cell processing hardware block having a memory unit. The input interface receives an SDH/SONET signal on each of a plurality of first transfer paths to output an input OAM cell corresponding to the SDH/SONET signal to one of a plurality of input ports of the switch block corresponding to the first transfer path for the SDH/SONET signal to be transferred. The switch block receives the input OAM (operation and maintenance) cell from the corresponding input port as an OAM input port to output to the OAM cell processing hardware block together with a port number of the OAM input port, and receives at least one output OAM cell from the OAM cell processing hardware block to output to at least one of the plurality of output ports based on the received output OAM cell.

Abstract: To provide a method which allows the combination of rapid formation of a chemical adsorption film with the preparation of the film which is reduced in the content of impurities and having a dense structure. A method for preparing a chemical adsorption film on the surface of a substrate containing an active hydrogen, characterized in that it includes treating a metal based surfactant having at least one hydrolyzable group with a metal oxide or a partially hydrolyzed product from a metal alkoxide and water in an organic solvent to form a solution, and contacting the solution with the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cell transfer apparatus includes an input interface, a switch block, and an OAM cell processing hardware block having a memory unit. The input interface receives an SDH/SONET signal on each of a plurality of first transfer paths to output an input OAM cell corresponding to the SDH/SONET signal to one of a plurality of input ports of the switch block corresponding to the first transfer path for the SDH/SONET signal to be transferred. The switch block receives the input OAM (operation and maintenance) cell from the corresponding input port as an OAM input port to output to the OAM cell processing hardware block together with a port number of the OAM input port, and receives at least one output OAM cell from the OAM cell processing hardware block to output to at least one of the plurality of output ports based on the received output OAM cell.

Abstract: To provide a system in which a configuration is simple and a switching of an optical line can be performed at a high speed. A protection unit for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into a payload is provided for each physical interface. The protection unit includes a filter for separating a payload of user data and a payload including K1-K2 information according to a control signal in a received payload, a selector for switching user data to be transmitted or K1-K2 information to be transmitted after adding a control signal of a value corresponding thereto, and a control unit for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information.

Abstract: A dispersed ingredient having metal-oxygen bonds which is obtained by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxide in an organic solvent in the absence of an acid, a base, and/or a dispersion stabilizer, either with 0.5 to less than 1 mol of water per mol of the metal alkoxide or at −20° C. or lower with 1.0 to less than 2.0 mol of water per mol of the metal alkoxide. In the organic solvent, the dispersed ingredient is stably dispersed without aggregating. Use of the dispersed ingredient enables a thin metal oxide film and a homogeneous organic/inorganic composite to be produced at a temperature as low as 200° C. or below.

Abstract: In a multiplexing method of multiplexing communication signals from communication signal transmitting sections and transmitting a multiplexed signal to a multiplexed signal receiving section, each of the communication signals, an identification address preassigned to a predetermined signal identifying section through which a communication signal passes in a multiplexing system including the communication signal transmitting section and the multiplexed signal receiving section is added to each communication signal. The resultant signal is output. The identification address is extracted from each output signal. The respective communication signals are multiplexed on the basis of the extracted identification addresses. A multiplex apparatus, access network system, protocol termination apparatus, and multiplexing/demultiplexing apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A PPP termination device allowing PPP termination at a location where a decreased number of subscriber's signals are multiplexed is disclosed. The PPP termination is performed in an access gateway including a switch in the access network system. The access gateway includes a first interface to a DSLAM, a second interface to a backbone network, and a header processor for converting between a network-layer packet and a PPP data packet including the network-layer packet. The switch switches a connection among the first interface, the second interface, the PPP link controller, and the header processor, depending on which one of a PPP data packet and a link control packet is inputted. The link control packet is used for link establishment and disconnection.

Abstract: An on-line line monitor system is provided for fault diagnosis of signal processing blocks, which perform cross-connecting of ATM cells by using at least reception-side memory blocks, a SRAM block and transmission-side memory blocks under control of a CPU block with respect to an operating line system, which is presently placed in an on-line state to be in communication service, and a spare line system which is placed in a standby state to be out of the communication service. Test ATM cells are sequentially input to the signal processing blocks, in which they are processed and are then output together with normal ATM cells. By comparing the processed test ATM cell with the original test ATM cell, it is possible to determine occurrence of fault in the signal processing blocks. When the fault is detected with respect to the operating line system, line control is switched over to the spare line system. In addition, the on-line line monitor system monitors a pileup state of the normal ATM cells in the SRAM block.

Abstract: An automatic switching system, in which the arrangement of apparatus can be simplified and a service can be continuously performed wherever and whenever any trouble occurs, is provided. The automatic switching system comprises a plurality of communication processing units including a transmission line selection part for selecting an arbitrary transmission line from a plurality of multiplexed transmission lines as a transmission line for transmitting information, a communication control part for connecting a predetermined communication apparatus through a transmission line selected by the transmission line selection part thereby to transmit information in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol, and information exchange part for exchanging information between these communication processing units.

Abstract: To provide a system in which a configuration is simple and a switching of an optical line can be performed at a high speed. A protection unit for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into a payload is provided for each physical interface. The protection unit includes a filter for separating a payload of user data and a payload including K1-K2 information according to a control signal in a received payload, a selector for switching user data to be transmitted or K1-K2 information to be transmitted after adding a control signal of a value corresponding thereto, and a control unit for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information.

Abstract: An ATM cell multiplexing apparatus includes a plurality of first cell multiplexing units and a second cell multiplexing unit. The first cell multiplexing units divide a plurality of input cell streams into a plurality of groups, thereby multiplexing the input cell streams in units of groups. The second cell multiplexing unit further multiplexes multiplexed cell streams output from the first cell multiplexing units and outputs one multiplexed cell stream.