Abstract: A method of modifying a glass substrate comprises: generating surface features with peaks and valleys on a first surface of a glass substrate, the surface features providing a roughness average (Ra) within the range of 10 nm to 2000 nm; generating a region of the glass substrate that is under compressive stress, the region extending from the first surface to a depth of compression; and removing a portion of the region under compressive stress from the first surface into the depth of compression to define a new first surface still having surface features with peaks and valleys providing a roughness average (Ra) within the range of 10 nm to 2000 nm. Removing the portion of the region under compressive stress from the first surface into the depth of the compression to define a new first surface can comprise contacting the first surface with a light etchant.

Abstract: A method of modifying a substrate comprising an etching step comprising contacting one or more primary surfaces of a glass, glass-ceramic, or ceramic substrate with a solution for a time period of 20 minutes to 8 hours to generate one or more etched primary surfaces, the solution comprising over 10 percent by weight of one or more alkali hydroxides, the solution having a temperature within the range of 100° C. to 150° C., the substrate having a thickness between the primary surfaces that decreases during the time period by 5 ?m to 100 ?m at a rate of 2 ?m per hour or greater. The solution of the etching step does not comprise hydrogen fluoride. The one or more alkali hydroxides of the solution of the etching step can be sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or a combination of both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass compositions with high silica content that present several advantages over glasses and other materials currently used for redistribution layers for RF, interposers, and similar applications. The glasses disclosed herein are low cost, flat glasses that have high throughput for the laser damage and etching process used to create through glass vias (TGVs). TGVs generated using the silicate glasses and processes described herein have large waist diameters, which is a desirable feature with respect to producing glass articles such as interposers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass compositions that present several advantages over glasses and other materials currently used for redistribution layers for RF, interposers, and similar applications. The glasses disclosed herein are low cost, flat glasses that have high throughput for the laser damage and etching process used to create through glass vias (TGV). TGV generated using the silicate glasses and processes described herein have large waist diameters (Dw), which is a desirable feature with respect to producing glass articles such as interposers.

Abstract: An article that includes: a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic substrate comprising a primary surface; at least one of an optical film and a scratch-resistant film disposed over the primary surface; and an easy-to-clean (ETC) coating comprising a fluorinated material that is disposed over an outer surface of the at least one of an optical film and a scratch-resistant film. The at least one of an optical film and a scratch-resistant film comprises an average hardness of 12 GPa or more. Further, the outer surface of the at least one of an optical film and a scratch-resistant film comprises a surface roughness (Rq) of less than 1.0 nm. Further, the at least one of an optical film and a scratch-resistant film comprises a total thickness of about 500 nm or more.

Abstract: A glass substrate comprises: a first surface with surface features having an average width, an average height, a ratio of the average width to the average height of from about 0.04 to about 0.24, and the first surface has a haze value of 3% to 40%. The glass substrate can be transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum. The glass substrate can have a composition of: 61-75 mol. % SiO2; 7-15 mol. % Al2O3; 0-12 mol. % B2O3; 9-21 mol. % Na2O; 0-4 mol. % K2O; 0-7 mol. % MgO; and 0-3 mol. % CaO. The first surface can have an average surface roughness Ra of from 10 nm to 1,000 nm. The first surface can have an average characteristic largest feature size of from 200 nm to 50 ?m. The ratio of the average width to the average height can be from 0.06 to about 0.08.

Abstract: Deadfront articles that include a tactile element formed on a first surface of a substrate and a visual element disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface. The tactile element is positioned on the first surface of the substrate in a complimentary fashion to the visual element disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The tactile element may include a surface roughness portion having a surface roughness different than the surface roughness of an area bordering the surface roughness portion. The deadfront articles may be incorporated into an automobile interior to provide a visual and haptic display interface for a user.

Abstract: Polymer nanoparticles and related methods are provided. The polymer particles can include polymer dots having a coating including a polyelectrolyte polymer. Methods of making and using the polymer nanoparticles are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of anti-glare substrates and articles including the same are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glares substrate includes a textured surface with a plurality of features having an average cross-sectional dimension of about 30 micrometers or less. The substrate or article exhibits a transmission haze of 10% or less, a PPDr of about 7% or less or 6% or less, and a DOI of about 80 or less. Method for forming the anti-glare substrates are also disclosed and include etching a surface of a substrate with an etchant having low water solubility to provide an etched surface, and removing a portion of the etched surface. The method includes generating a plurality of insoluble crystals (e.g., any one or more of K2SiF6 and K3AlF6) on the surface while etching the surface. The etchant may include a potassium salt, an organic solvent and a fluoride containing acid.

Abstract: Methods for regenerating poisoned salt bath comprising providing a salt bath comprising at least one of KNO3 and NaNO3, providing an ion-exchangeable substrate comprising lithium cations, contacting at least a portion of the ion-exchangeable substrate with the salt bath, whereby lithium cations in the salt bath diffuse from the ion-exchangeable substrate and are dissolved in the salt bath, and selectively precipitating dissolved lithium cations from the salt bath using phosphate salt. The methods further include preventing or reducing the formation of surface defects in the ion-exchangeable substrate by preventing or reducing the formation of crystals on the surface of the ion-exchangeable substrate upon removal from the salt bath.

Abstract: Described herein are various antimicrobial glass articles that have improved resistance to discoloration when exposed to harsh conditions. The improved antimicrobial glass articles described herein generally include a glass substrate that has a low concentration of nonbridging oxygen atoms, a compressive stress layer and an antimicrobial silver-containing region that each extend inward from a surface of the glass substrate to a specific depth, such that the glass article experiences little-to-no discoloration when exposed to harsh conditions. Methods of making and using the glass articles are also described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for delivering and retaining solid chemicals in molten salt baths are provided, the chemicals may serve to reduce the lithium poisoning level of the molten salt bath. Methods and apparatuses are also provided for retaining sludge in a molten salt bath, allowing for removal of the sludge from the molten salt bath.

Abstract: Articles and semiconductor packages that incorporate glass-based substrates are disclosed, as well as methods of forming thereof. An article includes a glass-based substrate comprising first and second major surfaces spaced a distance from and parallel to each other, and a tapered via extending through the substrate. The tapered via includes a cross section that is symmetrical about a plane that is between and equidistant to the first and second major surfaces of the glass-based substrate and an interior wall with a first tapered region and a second tapered region positioned between the first major surface and the plane. The respective slopes of the first and second tapered regions are constant and the slope of the first tapered region is not equal to the slope of the second tapered region.

Abstract: Embodiments of anti-glare substrates and articles including the same are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glares substrate includes a textured surface with a plurality of features having an average cross-sectional dimension of about 30 micrometers or less. The substrate or article exhibits a transmission haze of 10% or less, a PPDr of about 7% or less or 6% or less, and a DOI of about 80 or less. Method for forming the anti-glare substrates are also disclosed and include etching a surface of a substrate with an etchant having low water solubility to provide an etched surface, and removing a portion of the etched surface. The method includes generating a plurality of insoluble crystals (e.g., any one or more of K2SiF6 and K3AlF6) on the surface while etching the surface. The etchant may include a potassium salt, an organic solvent and a fluoride containing acid.

Abstract: Methods and systems of strengthening lithium-containing glass-based substrates including contacting at least a portion of the lithium-containing glass-based substrates with a first salt bath comprising at least 2 wt. % lithium nitrate and at least one of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate and contacting at least a portion of the lithium-containing glass-based substrates with a second salt bath comprising at least one of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate. The methods further include that after contacting 3 m2 of glass per kilogram of molten salt (3 m2/kg salt) to 13 m2/kg salt for the first salt bath, a surface compressive stress imparted to the glass articles by the contacting steps decreases by less than 30 MPa.

Abstract: A method of reworking lithium containing ion exchanged glass-based articles is provided. The method includes a reverse ion exchange process that returns the glass-based article to approximately the composition of the glass from which the glass-based article was produced, before being subjected to ion exchange.

Abstract: A patterned glass article that includes: a glass substrate comprising a thickness, a primary surface and a bulk composition at the midpoint of the thickness; and a patterned region defined by the primary surface and comprising a patterned region composition. The bulk composition comprises about 40 mol % to 80 mol % silica and the patterned region composition comprises at least about 40 mol % silica. Further, the patterned region comprises a first textured region and a second textured region, the second textured region characterized by a haze of at least 5% more than a haze of the first textured region.

Abstract: Embodiments of an electronic device comprising an enclosure and electrical components disposed at least partially inside the enclosure, wherein the enclosure comprises a substrate having a tactile surface are disclosed. The tactile surface may include a textured surface, a coated surface or a coated textured surface that exhibits a low fingerprint visibility, when a fingerprint is applied to the tactile surface. In one or more embodiments, the substrate exhibits an average transmittance of about 80% or greater over the visible spectrum, a coefficient of friction less than about 0.3, a surface roughness Ra of about 500 nm or greater, and either one or both a transmission haze greater than about 60%, and a reflection haze at either 2 degrees from specular or 5 degrees from specular greater than 60%.

Abstract: Articles and semiconductor packages that incorporate glass-based substrates are disclosed, as well as methods of forming thereof. An article includes a glass-based substrate comprising first and second major surfaces spaced a distance from and parallel to each other, and a tapered via extending through the substrate. The tapered via includes a cross section that is symmetrical about a plane that is between and equidistant to the first and second major surfaces of the glass-based substrate and an interior wall with a first tapered region and a second tapered region positioned between the first major surface and the plane. The respective slopes of the first and second tapered regions are constant and the slope of the first tapered region is not equal to the slope of the second tapered region.

Abstract: Glass-ceramic articles are manufactured by an ion exchange process that results in glass-based articles having improved stress profiles. A knee may be located at a depth of 3 microns or deeper. A compressive stress at a surface may be 200 MPa or more and at a knee may be 20 MPa or more. A non-sodium oxide may have a non-zero concentration that varies from the first surface to a depth and a depth of compression (DOC) may be located at 0.10·t, or even at 0.17·t or deeper. A two-step ion exchange (DIOX) includes, for example, a potassium bath in a first treatment to form a spike in a spike region of the stress profile, followed by a second treatment which includes, for example, a potassium and sodium mixed bath to maintain the spike and form a tail region of the stress profile. The glass-ceramic articles may thereby avoid developing a vitreous surface layer, which facilitates repeatable and reliable measurement of waveguide modes and determination of compressive stress in the surface (CS) and depth of the spike.