Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a system for allocating memory resources in a switching environment is provided. In particular embodiments, the system includes a plurality of port modules each associated with a port. In these embodiments, the system also includes a data memory logically divided into a plurality of blocks. The system in these embodiments also includes a central agent configured to maintain a pool of credits associated with one or more of the blocks, each credit enabling data at a port module to be written to the corresponding block. The central agent is also configured to allocate one or more credits to a port module from the pool of credits, the allocated credit indicating that the corresponding block may be written to by the port module. The system in these embodiments further includes a research collection engine configured to determine whether a port has been disabled.

Abstract: A system for queuing packets written to memory for switching includes a data memory logically divided into multiple blocks. The system also includes multiple input ports each operable to receive packets and write the packets to the data memory. The system also includes multiple output ports each having a memory structure and one or more output queue pointers. The memory structure includes multiple memory structure entries that each correspond to one of the blocks. Each of the memory structure entries includes a memory structure next pointer that can link to another one of the memory structure entries. An output queue pointer can link to one of the memory structure entries, and the output queue pointers and memory structure next pointers form output queue linked lists. Each of the output ports can read packets stored in the data memory using the output queue linked lists and communicate the packets.

Abstract: A clamping member (2) for clamping a periphery of a rear-end open portion of an exhaust pipe (3) is accommodated in a front-end open portion (11) of a tail pipe (1). The clamping member (2) has a pair of plate parts (21, 22) disposed at right and left positions of the front-end open portion (11) and a bolt (4) for connecting the plate parts (21, 22) to each other by reducing an interval between the opposed plate parts enough to sandwich a periphery of the rear-end open portion (31) between the plate parts. A concave surface (21a, 22a) whose configuration conforms to that of a periphery of the rear-end open portion (31) inserted between the plate parts (21, 22) is formed on each of the plate parts (21, 22).

Abstract: A system for switching packets in a high-speed switching environment includes one or more memory structures, multiple input structures that can each write to each of the one or more memory structures, and a first switching structure that couples the input structures to the one or more memory structures. The system also includes multiple output structures that can each read from each of the one or more memory structures and communicate a first portion of a packet to a first component of a communications network before an input structure has received a second portion of the packet from a second component of the communications network. The system also includes a second switching structure that couples the plurality of output structures to the one or more memory structures.

Abstract: In a link aggregation group aggregating a number of ports of a network element, the network element may distribute frames among the ports using a distribution function that operates according to information in the received frames. The network element may apply one of several different distribution functions and, at appropriate times, change the selected distribution function to effect a different distribution of frames among the ports.

Abstract: A network element aggregates a number of its ports together to form a link aggregation group. To move communications from one of the aggregated ports in case that port fails or otherwise becomes inactive, the network element may use exchange a special marker message and response with a remote network element coupled to the failed port. The network elements use proprietary signaling within the special marker message and response to enable the exchange of these messages on an active one of the aggregated ports while identifying the failed one of the ports.

Abstract: To enable quick movement of communications among links in a link aggregation group, network element use a purge mechanism. A network element implementing the purge mechanism may disable distribution of additional frames to output queues associated with aggregated ports and potentially drop some or all frames from the output queues associated with aggregated ports. In conjunction with the dropping of frames, the network element may exchange one or more marker messages and marker responses with a remote network element. After receiving appropriate responses, the network element may restart distribution of frames to the affected ports.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe 1 having a circular cross section is connected to a circular cylindrical housing 2 which creates part of pipe conduit. The housing 2 forms a storage space 21 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the exhaust pipe 1 and connecting to the rear connection part 22. The connection part 22 is tapered toward the downstream exhaust pipe 12 and the diameter of the connection part 22 is gradually reduced and its opening is welded into the opening of the downstream exhaust pipe 12. And a cylindrical honeycomb catalyst carrier 3 is stored in the storage space 21 so that the outer surface of the catalyst carrier is in contact with the inner surface of the storage space 21. An expanded portion 23 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the storage space 21 is outwardly expanded from the outer circumference of the housing 2 and connectingly provided on the front face of the storage space 21.

Abstract: An opening edge of an upstream-side exhaust pipe and an opening edge of a downstream-side exhaust pipe opposed to the opening edge of the upstream-side exhaust pipe are bent radially outward and thereafter radially inward by molding to form a circumference of the upstream-side exhaust pipe and a circumference of the downstream-side exhaust pipe as a flange portion respectively. After both flange portions are butted to each other through a gasket disposed therebetween, they are mechanically coupled to each other with a bolt and a nut.

Abstract: A clamping member (2) for clamping a periphery of a rear-end open portion of an exhaust pipe (3) is accommodated in a front-end open portion (11) of a tail pipe (1). The clamping member (2) has a pair of plate parts (21, 22) disposed at right and left positions of the front-end open portion (11) and a bolt (4) for connecting the plate parts (21, 22) to each other by reducing an interval between the opposed plate parts enough to sandwich a periphery of the rear-end open portion (31) between the plate parts. A concave surface (21a, 22a) whose configuration conforms to that of a periphery of the rear-end open portion (31) inserted between the plate parts (21, 22) is formed on each of the plate parts (21, 22).

Abstract: A system for multicasting in a high-speed switching environment includes a data memory logically divided into a plurality of blocks, a plurality of output ports, and a central agent. The central agent can determine whether all one or more output ports for a packet stored in one or more blocks have read the packet. Each block of the packet can be added to a pool of available blocks when a last one of the one or more output ports for the packet has read from the block.

Abstract: A system for multicasting in a high-speed switching environment includes multiple input ports and multiple output ports. Each output port is, according to a vector, allowed to forward multicast packets received by only a particular one or by particular ones of the input ports and can identify a multicast packet that has been received by one of the input ports, using the vector, determine whether the output port is allowed to forward the identified multicast packet, and, if the output port is allowed to forward the identified multicast packet, forward the identified multicast packet.

Abstract: A system for queuing packets written to memory for switching includes a data memory logically divided into multiple blocks. The system also includes multiple input ports each operable to receive packets and write the packets to the data memory. The system also includes multiple output ports each having a memory structure and one or more output queue pointers. The memory structure includes multiple memory structure entries that each correspond to one of the blocks. Each of the memory structure entries includes a memory structure next pointer that can link to another one of the memory structure entries. An output queue pointer can link to one of the memory structure entries, and the output queue pointers and memory structure next pointers form output queue linked lists. Each of the output ports can read packets stored in the data memory using the output queue linked lists and communicate the packets.

Abstract: A system for switching packets in a high-speed switching environment includes one or more memory structures, multiple input structures that can each write to each of the one or more memory structures, and a first switching structure that couples the input structures to the one or more memory structures. The system also includes multiple output structures that can each read from each of the one or more memory structures and communicate a first portion of a packet to a first component of a communications network before an input structure has received a second portion of the packet from a second component of the communications network. The system also includes a second switching structure that couples the plurality of output structures to the one or more memory structures.

Abstract: A system for scheduling in a high-speed switching environment includes multiple output queues, multiple counters that each correspond to one of the output queues, and an output port. The output port can read packets from the output queues in a series of rounds. In each of the rounds, the output port can access at least one of the output queues, increment the counter corresponding to the output queue by a first amount, determine whether the counter corresponding to the output queue is at or above a particular level, and, if the counter is at or above the particular level, read one or more packets from the output queue that each have a length and decrement the counter by a second amount corresponding to the one or more lengths of the one or more read packets.

Abstract: A system for managing shared memory resources in a high-speed switching environment includes a data memory logically divided into multiple blocks that correspond to multiple credits. The system includes a central agent that can maintain a pool of available credits that includes one or more of the credits. The central agent can also allocate a credit to an input port module from the pool of credits. The allocated credit indicates that the corresponding one of the blocks is available to the input port module. The system includes multiple input port modules that can each track allocated credits received from the central agent, receive a packet, determine whether enough of the allocated credits are available to write the packet to the data memory, and, if enough of the allocated credits are available, write the packet to one or more blocks corresponding to one or more of the allocated credits that are available.

Abstract: A computer network system for manipulating requests for shared data includes a plurality of groups and each group has a plurality of nodes and each node has a plurality of processors. The system further comprises a request outstanding buffer (ROB) for recording data requests, a remote access cache (RAC) for caching the results of prior memory requests which are remote to a requesting node, and a directory for recording a global state of a cache line in the system. The RAC supports only two states, Shared and Invalid, and caches only clean remote data. If the directory state is Modified/Exclusive, the line is indicated to not be in the RAC. The behavior of the RAC is described for two important cases: initial RAC does not have the line caches and initial RAC has the line cached.

Abstract: In order to provide a sound absorbing material superior in acid resistance, alkali resistance and sound absorbing quality and a sound absorbing layer using this sound absorbing material, multiple pieces of basalt yarn obtained by dissolving basalt to be continuous fibers are bundled by a fiber bundling agent to acquire a bundled material, and the bundled material is fibrillated to obtain a bulky sound absorbing material. Moreover, the sound absorbing material is arranged on the outer periphery of a perforated pipe constituting a muffler to form a sound absorbing layer.

Abstract: In order to provide a sound absorbing material superior in acid resistance, alkali resistance and sound absorbing quality and a sound absorbing layer using this sound absorbing material, multiple pieces of basalt yarn obtained by dissolving basalt to be continuous fibers are bundled by a fiber bundling agent to acquire a bundled material, and the bundled material is fibrillated to obtain a bulky sound absorbing material. Moreover, the sound absorbing material is arranged on the outer periphery of a perforated pipe constituting a muffler to form a sound absorbing layer.

Abstract: A silencing member has a plurality of elongate members each having a plurality of elongate glass fibers, with the plurality of elongate members being cross-layered to define a fabric.