Abstract: A rotary encoder includes a control part having a storage section storing a plurality of parameters regarding error signal components at a reference rotation speed, the error signal components respectively being superposed on an “A”-phase signal and a “B”-phase signal in proportion to a rotation speed of a rotor body, and a rotation speed calculation section structured to measure a reception interval of a requirement signal and calculate a current rotation speed of the rotor body. The control part is structured to convert a parameter stored in the storage section to a value at the current rotation speed based on a ratio between the reference rotation speed and the current rotation speed, correction processing correcting the “A”-phase signal and the “B”-phase signal is executed based on the value converted, and the rotation position of the rotor body is calculated by using a corrected “A”-phase signal and a corrected “B”-phase signal.

Abstract: A rotary encoder may include a magnet, a magnetic sensor, and a control part configured to calculate a rotation position of the rotor body based on an output signal outputted from the magnetic sensor. The control part includes a temperature detecting section configured to detect temperature of the magnetic sensor, an offset voltage calculation section configured to calculate an offset voltage of the magnetic sensor based on the output signal from the magnetic sensor, and a storage section which stores a slope and an intercept of a primary approximate expression calculated by a relationship between temperatures previously detected by the temperature detecting section and the offset voltages previously calculated by the offset voltage calculation section. The control part executes offset voltage estimate processing based on the slope and the intercept stored in the storage section and correction processing which corrects the output signal from the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A rotary encoder may include a first sensor unit including a first magnet, and a first magnetosensitive unit facing the first magnet; a second sensor unit including a second magnet with a plurality of pairs of N poles and S poles alternately magnetized, and a second magnetosensitive unit facing the second magnet; a circuit to generate pulses for counting from an output of the second sensor unit; and a counter to count the pulses. During activation, an angle position of the rotating body is calculated based on outputs of a first and second sensor unit, and after activation, pulse counting is counted by a counter.

Abstract: A throttle valve 10 continuously increases/decreases the flow rate of air flowing through a communication hole 17 through which a first port 11 and a second port 12 are communicated with each other, by using a throttle valve element 22. A valve seat member 15 having the communication hole 17 is attached to a housing 13. An electric motor 25 is attached to a motor housing hole 24 formed in the housing 13. The throttle valve element 22 is driven in an axial direction by a motor shaft 28 of the electric motor 25. A gap between the motor housing hole 24 and the electric motor 25 is sealed by a fixed sealing member 41 having a large diameter, and the motor shaft 28 is sealed by a rotary sealing member 42 having a small diameter, whereby the throttle valve element can be driven by the electric motor having a small output.

Abstract: A machine tool that can output an abnormal noise is provided. A machine tool includes: an input unit configured to receive an input of a setting for defining an operation mode of the machine tool; a storage unit configured to store sound generated during a normal operation of the machine tool and acquired in advance; a sound collection unit configured to collect sound in the machining area; a sound selection unit configured to extract a part of sound collected in the machining area in accordance with the setting input for outputting sound to the outside of the machine tool; and a sound output unit configured to output sound extracted by the sound selection unit to the outside of the machining area.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner set includes an electrostatic charge image developing black toner that includes black toner particles including a black colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent, and inorganic particles containing an oil; and an electrostatic charge image developing color toner that includes color toner particles including a color colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent, and inorganic particles containing an oil, wherein a proportion of the release agent exposed to a surface of the color toner particles is greater than a proportion of the release agent exposed to a surface of the black toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a release agent; and an external additive containing fatty acid metal salt particles, wherein a non-attachment rate representing a percentage of the fatty acid metal salt particles not attached to the toner particles before ultrasonic desorption treatment is 45% or less and a weak attachment rate representing a percentage determined by subtracting the non-attachment rate from a percent of the fatty acid metal salt particles not attached to the toner particles after ultrasonic desorption treatment is 55% or more.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner set includes an electrostatic charge image developing black toner that includes black toner particles including a black colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent, and inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm to 300 nm; and an electrostatic charge image developing color toner that includes color toner particles including a color colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent, and inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm to 300 nm, wherein a proportion of the release agent exposed to a surface of the color toner particles is greater than a proportion of the release agent exposed to a surface of the black toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a release agent and an external additive containing fatty acid metal salt particles and abrasive particles, wherein a ratio (B/A) of an isolation amount B of the abrasive particles isolated from the toner particles after an ultrasonic isolation treatment to an isolation amount A of the fatty acid metal salt particles isolated from the toner particles after the ultrasonic isolation treatment is from 0.3 to 2.0.

Abstract: There is provided an electrostatic image-developing toner containing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a release agent having a melting temperature of 85° C. to 120° C., the toner having a sea-island structure involving a sea part containing the binder resin and an island part containing the release agent, wherein a mode value of the distribution of the eccentricity degree B of the release agent-containing island part, represented by the specific formula, is from 0.75 to 1.00 and a skewness of the distribution of the eccentricity degree B is from ?1.30 to ?0.50.

Abstract: In an energy demand-supply plan formulation apparatus, the apparatus includes: a data coordination unit for calculating first coordination data including an electric power-generation unit-price and specific heat consumption from the electric power generation plan, for calculating second coordination data from the steam demand-supply plan, and for calculating third coordination data including an electric power generation fuel-consumption plan from the transaction plan and the electric power generation plan; a steam demand-supply planning unit for formulating a steam demand-supply plan by taking in first coordination data calculated by the data coordination unit; an electric power demand-supply planning unit for formulating a transaction plan in the electric power transaction market and an electric power generation plan therein by taking in second coordination data calculated by the data coordination unit; and a fuel demand-supply planning unit for formulating a fuel demand-supply plan by taking in third coordi

Abstract: An electrostatic-image developing toner contains toner particles and particles of a metallic salt of a fatty acid deposited on the toner particles. The particles of the metallic salt of the fatty acid contain 0.0008% to 0.01% by mass of iron.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles, polishing agent particles which have a number particle size distribution having two peaks, and fatty acid metal salt particles which have a number particle size distribution having one peak, wherein the toner satisfies relationships expressed by expressions: (1) Da?0.5×Dt, (2) Dc?0.5×Dt and (3) Dt?Db, wherein Da represents a particle diameter of a small-diameter-side peak in the two peaks of the number particle size distribution of the polishing agent particles, Db represents a particle diameter of a large-diameter-side peak in the two peaks of the number particle size distribution of the polishing agent particles, Dc represents a particle diameter of a peak of the number particle size distribution of the fatty acid metal salt particles, and Dt represents a volume average particle diameter of the toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle, a polishing agent particle, and a fatty acid metal salt particle, wherein a rate of the fatty acid metal salt particles strongly attached to the surface of the toner particles is equal to or greater than 50% by number with respect to the fatty acid metal salt particles attached to the surface of the toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles, polishing agent particles which have a number particle size distribution having two peaks, and fatty acid metal salt particles which have a number particle size distribution having one peak, wherein the toner satisfies relationships expressed by expressions: (1) Da?0.5×Dt, (2) Dc?0.5×Dt and (3) Dt?Db, wherein Da represents a particle diameter of a small-diameter-side peak in the two peaks of the number particle size distribution of the polishing agent particles, Db represents a particle diameter of a large-diameter-side peak in the two peaks of the number particle size distribution of the polishing agent particles, Dc represents a particle diameter of a peak of the number particle size distribution of the fatty acid metal salt particles, and Dt represents a volume average particle diameter of the toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a release agent and an external additive containing fatty acid metal salt particles and abrasive particles, wherein a ratio (B/A) of an isolation amount B of the abrasive particles isolated from the toner particles after an ultrasonic isolation treatment to an isolation amount A of the fatty acid metal salt particles isolated from the toner particles after the ultrasonic isolation treatment is from 0.3 to 2.0.

Abstract: An energy supply and demand planning device includes a database in which are stored data necessary for a power supply and demand plan and a fuel supply and demand plan, a power supply and demand planning unit that formulates a transaction plan for a power transaction market and a power generation plan, a fuel supply and demand planning unit that formulates a transaction plan for a fuel transaction market, a power generation revision plan, and a fuel tank operation plan, a data coordination unit that carries out an exchange of data between the power supply and demand planning unit and fuel supply and demand planning unit, and an operation control unit that carries out a determination of a start and convergence of operations in the power supply and demand planning unit and fuel supply and demand planning unit.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image developing toner contains toner particles and particles of a metallic salt of a fatty acid deposited on the toner particles. The particles of the metallic salt of the fatty acid contain 0.0008% to 0.01% by mass of iron.

Abstract: A tool changer is composed of a support shaft, a forward/backward movement drive motor moving the support shaft upward and downward, a rotation drive motor rotating the support shaft about an axis, a tool change arm having tool grippers formed at both ends thereof, and an air blow mechanism discharging compressed air to a tool and a next tool gripped by the tool grippers. In tool change using this tool changer, in a positioning operation, the tool change arm is rotated by degrees and compressed air is discharged toward the tool and the next tool by the air blow mechanism.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a release agent; and an external additive containing fatty acid metal salt particles, wherein a non-attachment rate representing a percentage of the fatty acid metal salt particles not attached to the toner particles before ultrasonic desorption treatment is 45% or less and a weak attachment rate representing a percentage determined by subtracting the non-attachment rate from a percent of the fatty acid metal salt particles not attached to the toner particles after ultrasonic desorption treatment is 55% or more.