Dynamic backlighting system and method for inspecting a transparency
An inspection system for detecting optical defects in a transparency includes a first rounded array of first elongated light elements, and a second rounded array of second elongated light elements. The second rounded array is positionable radially outboard of the first rounded array. The inspection system further includes a light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first elongated light elements. The inspection system also includes an image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the first and second rounded arrays and configured to record images of the transparency during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements during backlighting of the transparency. The inspection system includes a processor configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements, and detect optical defects in the transparency based on analysis of the images.
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The present disclosure relates generally to inspection systems and, more particularly, to a system and method for inspecting a transparency using dynamic backlighting.
BACKGROUNDTransparencies are used in a variety of different applications including vehicular applications such as in marine, land, air and/or space vehicles and in non-vehicular applications such as in buildings and other stationary structures. In vehicular applications such as in commercial aircraft, transparencies may be mounted along the aircraft cabin and around the aircraft flight deck and may include windshields and other forward, side and overhead windows. Transparencies may be formed of glass and polymeric materials or as laminated combinations of glass and polymeric materials. Polymeric materials for transparencies may include, without limitation, acrylic and polycarbonate compositions.
When fabricating a transparency of polycarbonate material, certain optical defects may occur during the forming process. For example, optical inclusion defects such as carbon particulates may occur during the formation of a polycarbonate transparency and may appear as relatively small black spots embedded within the transparency. When viewed through the transparency, an embedded carbon particulate may be misinterpreted as a long-distance object. In an automobile windshield or in a commercial aircraft flight-deck window, optical inclusion defects may be an annoyance to the automobile driver or the aircraft pilot. However, a particulate embedded in a fighter aircraft windshield may be mistaken by a pilot for an enemy aircraft and a potential source of combat. Other optical defects may occur in the transparency such as runs and sags which can also affect the quality of the transparency.
Included in the prior art are several methods for inspecting transparencies for optical defects. One example involves inspecting an aircraft canopy by manually looking upwardly though the aircraft canopy searching for defects using the sky as a background. This inspection technique requires generally clear (e.g., non-cloudy) atmospheric conditions in order to provide a homogenously lit background against which an inspector can view the entirety of the aircraft canopy. As may be expected, this inspection technique may result in significant aircraft downtime while waiting for the appropriate atmospheric conditions.
Other examples of prior art are methods for inspecting transparencies include camera-driven methods developed in the automotive industry for inspection of automotive transparencies such as automotive windshields. Unfortunately, such camera-driven methods may lack the resolution required for inspection of aerospace transparencies. For example, the methods used in the automotive industry are typically directed toward inspection of a transparency on a production line wherein the size of allowable defects is typically larger than the allowable defect size (e.g., 0.030 inch) of aerospace transparencies.
Furthermore, inspection methods used in the automotive industry are typically directed toward transparencies having relatively slight curvatures as compared to aircraft transparencies such as aircraft canopies and windshields which may have more complex curves and which may be of smaller radii. In addition, the cross-sectional layup of an aircraft transparency such as an aircraft windshield is generally more complex than an automotive transparency due to the higher strength requirements and increased thickness (e.g., up to 1 inch thick or larger) of an aircraft windshield which may be necessary for surviving bird strikes and handling structural loads.
As can be seen, there exists a need in the art for a system and method for detecting optical defects in a transparency that provides an automated means for recording images of the transparency in order to document the location of optical defects in a reduced amount of inspection time. Furthermore, there exists a need in the art for a system and method for detecting optical defects that are of relatively small size. Finally, there exists a need in the art for a system for detecting optical defects that is simple in construction, low in cost, and which may be implemented for inspecting a wide range of transparency configurations.
SUMMARYThe above-noted needs associated with detecting optical defects in a transparency are addressed by the presently-disclosed inspection system which includes a first rounded array of first elongated light elements, and a second rounded array of second elongated light elements configured to backlight the transparency. The second rounded array is positionable radially outboard of the first rounded array. The inspection system further includes a light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first elongated light elements. The inspection system also includes an image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the first and second rounded arrays and configured to record images of the transparency during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements during backlighting of the transparency. The inspection system includes a processor configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements, and detect optical defects in the transparency based on analysis of the images.
In another example, the inspection system comprises a plurality of rounded arrays of elongated light elements, including a first rounded array of first elongated light elements positionable at a first radial location having an array center defining an array axis. The first elongated light elements are oriented generally parallel to each other and to the array axis. The inspection system also includes a second rounded array of second elongated light elements concentric with the first rounded array and positionable radially outboard of the first elongated light elements at a radial location where the second elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements. Each one of the light element gaps is radially aligned with one of the first elongated light elements. The second elongated light elements are oriented parallel to each other. The inspection system further includes a light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first elongated light elements. Additionally, the inspection system includes a fixture configured to support at least one image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the rounded arrays and configured to record images of the transparency during radial translation of the elongated light elements while the elongated light elements backlight the transparency. Furthermore, the inspection system includes a processor configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements, and detect optical defects in the transparency based on analysis of the images.
Also disclosed is a method of detecting optical defects in a transparency. The method includes emitting light from a plurality of first elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a first rounded array and positionable at a first radial location. The method additionally includes emitting light from a plurality of second elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a second rounded array concentric with the first rounded array and positionable at a second radial location in which the second elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements. The method also includes radially translating the first elongated light elements between the first radial location and the second radial location. Additionally, the method includes recording, using an image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the rounded arrays, images of the transparency during translation of at least the first elongated light elements while backlighting the transparency using the light emitted from the first and second elongated light elements. The method further includes analyzing, using a processor, the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements for detecting optical defects in the transparency.
The features, functions and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet other embodiments, further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings below.
These and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent upon reference to the drawings wherein like numbers refer to like parts throughout and wherein:
Referring now to the drawings which illustrate various examples of the disclosure, shown in
The rounded arrays of elongated light elements are configured to homogenously and/or uniformly backlight the transparency 400 while the light-element-moving system 200 translates the elongated light elements of at least one rounded array along a radial direction. During the radial translation of the elongated light elements, the image recording device 300 records images of the transparency 400. The processor 220 is configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of the elongated light elements and detect optical defects in the transparency 400 based on analysis of the images, as described in greater detail below. The radial translation of the elongated light elements during imaging of the transparency 400 causes optical defects in the transparency 400 to be emboldened and therefore easier to detect than a system (not shown) having static light elements. In this regard, the presently-disclosed inspection system 100 allows for detection of optical defects that may be otherwise undetectable using still photography.
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The second rounded array 160 of second elongated light elements 162 are concentric with the first rounded array 150 and are positionable radially outboard of the first elongated light elements 152 at a radial location where the second elongated light elements 162 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps 184 (
As described in greater detail below, the light-element-moving system 200 (e.g.,
As mentioned above, the inspection system 100 includes at least one image recording device 300 positionable on a side of the transparency 400 opposite the rounded arrays of elongated light elements. The image recording device 300 may be positionable proximate the array center 156 (
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Collectively, the areal cameras 302 may record images of the entirety of the viewing portion 408 (
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The processor 220 may analyze the images to detect the presence of optical defects in the transparency 400. Analysis of the images by the processor 220 may include determining the location of such optical defects in the transparency 400. Examples of optical defects that may be detected by the inspection system 100 include, but are not limited to, particulates (not shown), runs (not shown), and/or sags (not shown) in a transparency 400. Particulates may be comprised of carbon, dust, or other inclusions and may appear as relatively small black spots embedded within the transparency 400. Runs or sags may comprise localized in-plane sagging of the material of the transparency 400. Light rays may be scattered by particulates, runs, and/or sags and may result in areas of optical distortion appearing in the images recorded by the image recording device 300.
The processor 220 may determine the locations of optical defects in the transparency 400 by comparing each image to a baseline image (not shown). In one example, a baseline image may be an image of a transparency sample (not shown) known to be free of optical defects. Defect-free images of a transparency sample may be recorded using the same type of image recording device 300 that is to be used to inspect the transparency 400. In addition, defect-free images of a transparency sample may be recorded using the same arrangement of elongated light elements radially translated in the same manner as during the imaging of the transparency 400 to be inspected. As an alternative to using defect-free images of a transparency sample as baseline images, defect-free images may also be images of only the elongated light elements against which the transparency 400 is to be inspected. Baseline images may also be images of the transparency 400 against the arrangement of rounded arrays just prior to the start of radial translation. Regardless of how the baseline images are generated, one or more baseline images may be stored in a database of the processor 220 to be used by the processor 220 for comparison to images of the transparency 400 recorded by the image recording device 300.
The images of the transparency 400 recorded during radial translation of the elongated light elements may be compared on a pixel-by-pixel basis to one or more baseline images in order to detect optical defects. The comparison may be performed in real-time during the recording of images, or the comparison may be performed after the recording of the images is complete. As indicated above, the processor 220 may determine and record the size of each optical defect detected in the transparency 400. In addition, the processor 220 may identify the type of optical defect (e.g., particulates, runs, or sags) and may define the location of each optical defect relative to a predetermined physical reference point (not shown) on the transparency 400. For example, the processor 220 may identify the location of each optical defect in terms of x,y,z coordinates relative to a predetermined physical reference point on the transparency 400 such as a predetermined structural feature and/or geometric feature on the transparency 400.
In an example (not shown) of an inspection system 100 having rounded arrays limited to a first rounded array 150 of first elongated light elements 152 and a second rounded array 160 of second elongated light elements 162, the image recording device 300 may record images during radial translation of the first elongated light elements 152 from a first radial location 154 (e.g.,
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In any one of the examples of the inspection system 100 disclosed herein, the elongated light elements may be configured as fluorescent light bulbs (e.g., fluorescent tubes). In other examples, the elongated light elements may be provided as incandescent light bulbs, halogen light bulbs, or as light-emitting diodes. For example, each one of the elongated light elements may be comprised of a linear array of incandescent light bulbs or as a linear array of halogen light bulbs. Light-emitting diodes may be provided in a linear array which may optionally be encased in a cylindrical tube (e.g., a tubular diffuser). Each one of the elongated light elements may be straight or linear. For example, fluorescent light bulbs may be generally straight. However, in other examples not shown, each one of the elongated light elements may have a curvature in the vertical direction that is complementary to a curvature in the vertical cross-section (not shown) of the transparency 400. Each of the elongated light elements may have a length that is at least as long as the transparency 400.
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As mentioned above, the cross-sectional shape of the transparency 400 may dictate the shape of the rounded arrays. For example, a transparency 400 having a semi-circular cross-sectional shape may dictate a semi-circular shape of the rounded arrays. A circular cross-sectional shape of the transparency 400 may dictate a circular shape of the rounded arrays. A transparency 400 having an elliptical cross-sectional shape may dictate an elliptical shape of the rounded arrays. A transparency 400 having a semi-elliptical cross-sectional shape may dictate a semi-elliptical shape of the rounded arrays. However, an inspection system 100 may have rounded arrays of elongated light elements arranged in shapes that are different than the cross-sectional shape of the transparency 400. For example, circular arrays of elongated light elements may be used for inspecting a transparency 400 having an elliptical cross-sectional shape. Alternatively, an inspection system 100 having elliptical arrays of elongated light elements may be used for inspecting a transparency 400 having a circular cross-sectional shape.
In any one of the inspection system 100 examples disclosed herein, the rounded arrays of elongated light elements may be arranged in an angular span that results in each portion of the transparency 400 being backed by elongated light elements during the recording of images by the imaging recording device. In this regard, the angular span of the rounded arrays may be complementary to the angular span of the transparency 400 being inspected. For example, the cross-sectional view of
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Although not shown, the housing 102 may include electrical wiring for providing power to the elongated light elements and the light-element-moving system 200 from a power source (not shown). Although shown as a box-type structure having the above-described walls enclosing the elongated light elements, the inspection system 100 may alternatively include a frame (not shown) for supporting the rounded arrays of elongated light elements and the light-element-moving system 200. The frame may be openly accessible from one or more sides to enable access to the interior such as for replacing the elongated light elements when burned out and/or for substituting elongated light elements having different configurations or different light output characteristics (e.g., wavelength and/or brightness). Although not shown, the housing 102 may include wheels or rollers to facilitate transportability of the inspection system 100 such as within a production facility or an inspection facility.
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The fixture 250 may include a vertical frame 258 for supporting the imaging recording device 300. The vertical frame 258 may have a vertical height that positions the image recording device 300 such that the vertical field of view 416 (
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As an alternative to an optically transparent member, the inner wall 114 may be configured as a diffuser 116 having a desired level of light transmittance (e.g., 25-75 percent) to diffuse the light emitted by the elongated light elements and thereby increase the uniformity of the backlighting of the transparency. The diffuser 116 may be positionable between the first rounded array and the transparency 400, and configured to substantially uniformly diffuse light emitted by the elongated light elements. The diffuser 116 may be contoured or shaped complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the transparency 400. Although shown as having a simply curved shape, the diffuser 116 may be formed in a complex or contoured shape complementary to the shape or contour of the transparency surface. The diffuser 116 may be fabricated of a glass material and/or a polymeric material having a desired level of light transmittance. In this regard, the diffuser 116 may eliminate or reduce the occurrence of bright spots in the light emitted by the elongated light elements.
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The presently-disclosed examples of the inspection system 100 are described in the context of recording images of the transparency 400 as the elongated light elements of at least one radial array are translated in a radially outward direction. For the example of an inspection system (not shown) containing only a first rounded array 150 of first elongated light elements 152 and a second rounded array 160 of second elongated light elements 162 (i.e., no third radial array), the first elongated light elements 152 may be translated in a radially outward direction from the first radial location 154 to the second radial location 164 as the image recording device 300 records images of the transparency 400. However, in any one of the examples disclosed herein, the elongated light elements may be translated in a radially inward direction during the recording of images of the transparency 400. For example, in an inspection system having only a first rounded array 150 of first elongated light elements 152 and a second rounded array 160 of second elongated light elements 162, the first elongated light elements 152 and the second elongated light elements 162 may each initially (e.g., prior to radial translation) be positioned at the second radial location, and the first elongated light elements 152 may be translated in a radially inward direction from the second radial location 164 to the first radial location 154 as the image recording device 300 records images of the transparency 400.
Step 504 of the method 500 includes emitting light from a plurality of second elongated light elements 162 oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a second rounded array 160 concentric with the first rounded array 150 and positionable at a second radial location 164 in which the second elongated light elements 162 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other. As described above, each light element gap 184 between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements 162 may be sized to receive one of the first elongated light elements 152. In this regard, each light element gap 184 is sized to allow a first elongated light element 152 to pass through the light element gap 184 without contacting either of the second elongated light elements 162 defining the light element gap 184.
In addition to emitting light from the first and second elongated light elements 152, 162, the method 500 may further comprise step 506 of emitting light from a plurality of third elongated light elements 172 oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a third rounded array 170 concentric with the first and second rounded array 150, 160 and positionable at a third radial location 174 in which the third elongated light elements 172 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps 184 respectively between adjacent pairs of the third elongated light elements 172. As described above, the inspection system 100 may include any number of rounded arrays of elongated light elements, any one or more of which may be radially translated during backlighting of the transparency 400.
The first, second, and third elongated light elements 152, 162, 172 may each be arranged in an arc-shaped array 120 as described above and shown in
Step 514 of the method 500 includes radially translating, using a light-element-moving system 200, at least the first elongated light elements 152 between the first radial location 154 and the second radial location 164. As described above, the first elongated light elements 152 may be translated along a radial direction from the first radial location 154 toward the second radial location 164 until each of the first elongated light elements 152 is positioned within one of the light element gaps 184 between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements 162 while the first and second elongated light elements 152, 162 backlight the transparency 400, as shown in the example of
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Step 516 of the method 500 includes recording, using at least one image recording device 300 positionable on a side of the transparency 400 opposite the rounded arrays, images of the transparency 400 during translation of the first elongated light elements 152 from the first radial location 154 to the second radial location 164 while backlighting the transparency 400 using the light emitted from the first and second elongated light elements 152, 162. As described above, the image recording device 300 may be provided in any one of a variety of configurations. For example, the above-described example of
As an alternative to recording images using areal cameras 302, step 516 of recording images of the transparency 400 may comprise rotating a panoramic camera 306 (
Regardless of the configuration of the image recording device 300, the method 500 may optionally include recording one or more first images of the transparency 400 when the first elongated light elements 152 are at the first radial location 154 prior to radial translation. The method 500 includes recording images of the transparency 400 during radial translation of the first elongated light elements 152 from the first radial location 154 to the second radial location 164, and may include recording images of the transparency 400 when the first elongated light elements 152 are located within the light element gaps 184 between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements 162 at the second radial location 164. During radial translation, the image recording device 300 may record images of the transparency 400 at predetermined time intervals such as at a predetermined number of frames per second. In some examples, the image recording device 300 may be configured as one or more video cameras for continuously recording video of the transparency 400 during radial translation, and thereby generating an essentially continuous stream of images of the transparency 400. Step 516 of recording images of the transparency 400 may comprise recording a vertical field of view 416 encompassing the viewing portion 408 of the transparency 400 and including the upper and lower edge 410, 412, as shown in
Step 518 of the method 500 includes analyzing, using a processor 220 (
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As may be appreciated, the process of radially translating the elongated light elements may be performed using any number of different movement schemes, and is not limited to the movement schemes described herein. Furthermore, as indicated above, the presently-disclosed method of inspecting a transparency 400 is not limited to recording images during radial translation of first, second, and/or third rounded arrays 150, 160, 170 of elongated light elements, but may be performed by radially translating any number of rounded arrays including radially translating a single rounded array of elongated light elements, or radially translating three or more rounded arrays of elongated light elements.
Additional modifications and improvements of the present disclosure may be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the particular combination of parts described and illustrated herein is intended to represent only certain embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to serve as limitations of alternative embodiments or devices within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1. An inspection system for detecting optical defects in a transparency, comprising:
- a plurality of rounded arrays of elongated light elements, including: a first rounded array of first elongated light elements positionable at a first radial location having an array center defining an array axis, the first elongated light elements oriented generally parallel to each other and to the array axis; a second rounded array of second elongated light elements concentric with the first rounded array and positionable radially outboard of the first elongated light elements at a radial location where the second elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements, each one of the light element gaps being radially aligned with one of the first elongated light elements, the second elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other;
- a light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first elongated light elements;
- an image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the rounded arrays and configured to record images of the transparency during radial translation of the elongated light elements while the elongated light elements backlight the transparency; and
- a processor configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements, and detect optical defects in the transparency based on analysis of the images.
2. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rounded arrays further include:
- a third rounded array of third elongated light elements positionable radially outboard of and concentric with the first rounded array and second rounded array and circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of the light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the third elongated light elements, the third elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and to the array axis; and
- the light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first and second elongated light elements until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps of the third elongated light elements.
3. The inspection system of claim 2, wherein:
- the third rounded array of the third elongated light elements are statically positioned at a third radial location; and
- the light-element-moving system configured to radially translate the first elongated light elements from the first radial location to the second radial location until each of the first elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the second elongated light elements and is non-contiguous with the third elongated light elements, after which the light-element-moving system is configured to simultaneously translate the first and second elongated light elements from the second radial location to the third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements.
4. The inspection system of claim 2, wherein prior to radial translation of the first and second elongated light elements:
- the second rounded array of the second elongated light elements are positionable at a radial location at which each of the second elongated light elements is contiguous with a pair of the first elongated light elements; and
- the third rounded array of the third elongated light elements are positionable at a radial location at which each of the second elongated light elements is contiguous with a pair of the third elongated light elements.
5. The inspection system of claim 4, wherein:
- the light-element-moving system is configured to radially translate the first elongated light elements from the first radial location to the second radial location until each of the first elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the second elongated light elements and each of the third elongated light elements is contiguous with one of the first elongated light elements and one of the second elongated light elements, after which the light-element-moving system is configured to radially translate the first, second, and third elongated light elements at a same velocity toward a third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements, the third elongated light elements arriving at the third radial location prior to the first and second elongated light elements.
6. The inspection system of claim 4, wherein:
- the light-element-moving system is configured to simultaneously radially translate the first, second, and third elongated light elements at a same velocity toward a third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements, the third elongated light elements arriving at the third radial location prior to the first and second elongated light elements.
7. The inspection system of claim 4, wherein:
- the light-element-moving system is configured to simultaneously radially translate the first, second, and third elongated light elements at different velocities toward a third radial location in a manner such that the first, second, and third elongated light elements arrive at third radial location at the same time and each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements.
8. The inspection system of claim 4, wherein:
- the light-element-moving system is configured to radially translate the first, second, and third elongated light elements toward a third radial location at which each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements; and
- the light-element-moving system configured to maintain contiguity of each of the second elongated light elements with a pair of the third elongated light elements and with a pair of the first elongated light elements while radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements to the third radial location.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
- the first elongated light elements each have a light element width; and
- the light element gap between each of adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements having a gap width that is substantially equivalent to the light element width.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first rounded array and the second rounded array are each configured as one of:
- an arc-shaped array including a semi-circular array, a semi-elliptical array, or a rounded semi-elliptical array;
- a ring-shaped array including a circular array, an elliptical array, or a rounded elliptical array.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein:
- the elongated light elements are configured as at least one of fluorescent light bulbs, incandescent light bulbs, halogen light bulbs, and light-emitting diodes.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a diffuser positionable between the first rounded array and the transparency, and configured to substantially uniformly diffuse light emitted by the elongated light elements.
13. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a reflector positioned radially outboard of the elongated light elements, and configured to reflect light emitted by the elongated light elements.
14. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the image recording device is configured as one of:
- a panoramic camera rotatable about an axis of rotation for recording a horizontal field of view of the transparency;
- a plurality of areal cameras arranged in a vertical stack and each oriented at a different circumferential angle for recording a different portion of the horizontal field of view of the transparency.
15. An inspection system for detecting optical defects in a transparency, comprising:
- a plurality of rounded arrays of elongated light elements, including:
- a first rounded array of first elongated light elements positionable at a first radial location having an array center defining an array axis, the first elongated light elements oriented generally parallel to each other and to the array axis;
- a second rounded array of second elongated light elements concentric with the first rounded array and positionable radially outboard of the first elongated light elements at a radial location where the second elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements, each one of the light element gaps being radially aligned with one of the first elongated light elements, the second elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other;
- a light-element-moving system configured to radially translate at least the first elongated light elements;
- a fixture configured to support at least one image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the rounded arrays and configured to record images of the transparency during radial translation of the elongated light elements while the elongated light elements backlight the transparency; and
- a processor configured to analyze the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements, and detect optical defects in the transparency based on analysis of the images.
16. A method of detecting optical defects in a transparency, comprising:
- emitting light from a plurality of first elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a first rounded array and positionable at a first radial location;
- emitting light from a plurality of second elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a second rounded array concentric with the first rounded array and positionable at a second radial location in which the second elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements;
- radially translating at least the first elongated light elements between the first radial location and the second radial location;
- recording, using an image recording device positionable on a side of the transparency opposite the rounded arrays, images of the transparency during translation of at least the first elongated light elements while uniformly backlighting the transparency using the light emitted from the first and second elongated light elements; and
- analyzing, using a processor, the images recorded during radial translation of at least the first elongated light elements for detecting optical defects in the transparency.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
- emitting light from a plurality of third elongated light elements oriented parallel to each other and arranged in a third rounded array concentric with the first and second rounded array and positionable at a third radial location in which the third elongated light elements are circumferentially spaced apart from each other to define a plurality of light element gaps respectively between adjacent pairs of the third elongated light elements;
- wherein radially translating the first elongated light elements, and recording images of the transparency respectively comprise:
- radially translating the first and second elongated light elements toward the third radial location; and
- recording images of the transparency during the radial translation of at least the first and second elongated light elements while backlighting the transparency using the first, second, and third elongated light elements.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the third rounded array of the third elongated light elements are statically positioned at the third radial location at which the third elongated light elements are non-contiguous with the second elongated light elements and the third elongated light elements define a plurality of light element gaps, and wherein radially translating at least the first elongated light elements comprises sequentially performing the following:
- radially translating the first elongated light elements from the first radial location to the second radial location until each of the first elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the second elongated light elements; and
- radially translating the first and second elongated light elements from the second radial location to the third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein prior to radially translating the first elongated light elements, the method includes:
- positioning the second elongated light elements at a radial location at which each of the second elongated light elements is contiguous with a pair of the first elongated light elements; and
- positioning the third elongated light elements at a radial location at which each of the second elongated light elements is contiguous with a pair of the third elongated light elements.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein radially translating at least the first elongated light elements comprises sequentially performing the following:
- radially translating the first elongated light elements from the first radial location to the second radial location at which each of the first elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the second elongated light elements, and each of the third elongated light elements is contiguous with one of the first elongated light elements and one of the second elongated light elements; and
- radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements toward the third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements comprises:
- radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements at a same speed toward the third radial location until each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements, the third elongated light elements arriving at the third radial location prior to the first and second elongated light elements.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements comprises:
- radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements at different velocities toward the third radial location in a manner such that the first, second, and third elongated light elements arrive at the third radial location at the same time and each of the first and second elongated light elements is positioned within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements comprises:
- radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements toward the third radial location at which each of the first and second elongated light elements is positionable within one of the light element gaps between adjacent ones of the third elongated light elements; and
- maintaining contiguity of each of the second elongated light elements with a pair of the third elongated light elements and with a pair of the first elongated light elements while radially translating the first, second, and third elongated light elements to the third radial location.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein:
- each of the light element gaps between adjacent pairs of the second elongated light elements has a gap width that is substantially equivalent to a light element width of each of the first elongated light elements such that when the first elongated light elements are at the second radial location, the second radial location includes contiguous and alternating first and second elongated light elements.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein recording images of the transparency during translation of at least the first elongated light elements comprises:
- recording images of one of an aircraft windshield, an aircraft canopy, and an aircraft passenger window.
26. The method of claim 16, wherein analyzing the images comprises:
- comparing images of the transparency recorded when at least the first elongated light elements are at different locations during radial translation of the first elongated light elements.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 3, 2019
Date of Patent: Sep 14, 2021
Patent Publication Number: 20210164920
Assignee: The Boeing Company (Chicago, IL)
Inventors: Xue Liu (Maryland Heights, MO), Matthew Mark Thomas (Maryland Heights, MO), Hui Lin Yang (St. Louis, MO)
Primary Examiner: Michelle M Iacoletti
Application Number: 16/702,409
International Classification: G01N 21/958 (20060101); G01N 21/88 (20060101); B60Q 3/208 (20170101);