Endoscopic Device Delivery System
A system and method are disclosed for an implantable gastric stimulation system within the stomach. The stimulation system includes an electronics anchor, electrode lead anchor, implantable pulse generator and external programmer. The electronics anchor is configured to attach to the stomach wall at a first location and the electrode lead anchor configured to attach to the stomach wall at a second location. The electrode lead anchor includes one or more electrodes configured to contact the stomach wall and a flexible lead portion coupled to the one or more electrodes at one end with an the electrical connector portion at the other end. The implantable pulse generator has electronic circuitry and is attached to the electronics anchor; the electronic circuitry is connected to the electrical connector of the electrode lead anchor and can communicate with the one or more electrodes. The external programmer is used to communicate with the electronic circuitry of the pulse generator via a telemetry device to provide stimulation instructions to the pulse generator.
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This application is a Divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 11/766,660 filed Jun. 21, 2007 (Allowed), which application claims the benefit under 35 USC §119(e) of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60/815,640 filed Jun. 21, 2006; the full disclosures, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to medical devices, systems, and methods. In exemplary embodiments, the invention provides an implantable device and system and method for implanting the device within a hollow organ. In other embodiments, the invention provides methods and devices for providing surgical access through a stomach or other tissue.
Electrical stimulation has been used to treat a variety of conditions within the human body. Electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, small intestine and colon, have been used to treat a variety of gastric conditions, such as obesity, gastroparesis, gastric dysrhythmia, motility related disorders and nausea, to name a few. Obesity has become one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Electrical stimulation has been proposed to treat obesity by causing a feeling of satiety or reducing desire to eat.
Electrical stimulation has been proposed to treat motility related disorders by influencing contractile behavior. Various organs of the gastrointestinal tract such as the stomach, small intestine and colon contain cells that are believed to govern the organs' periodic contractile behavior. In healthy humans, in certain regions of the organs, these cells generate and propagate rhythmic electrical signals. In general, several types of electrical potential activity have been observed in the gastrointestinal tract. Consistent cyclic slow wave or pacesetter potentials have been observed and higher frequency spike activity has been observed that may correspond to some extent with smooth muscle contractile activity and peristalsis. The stomach and digestive system is also controlled by the nervous system that includes a highly complex enteric nervous system and to some extent, the central nervous system. It is believed that when the pacesetter potentials are combined with a chemical or neural excitation of the cells that smooth muscle contractile activity occurs. It is also believed that stimulation of the stomach may effect a subject's sensation of satiety through a complex system involving smooth muscle stimulation or contractions, and neural and chemical pathways.
An early attempt at a gastric stimulation device included an electrode at the end of a nasogastric tube or catheter. The nasogastric tube was passed into the stomach transnasally. Electrical stimulation was applied using an external stimulator unit through the electrode on the end of the tube. The return electrode was placed on the abdomen. This device required a transnasal procedure whenever stimulation was required.
Other devices used to pace the stomach have generally been implanted by accessing the outside of the stomach through an opening in the abdomen, either through open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. Electrodes have been attached to the stomach laparoscopically with attached leads extending through the abdomen to a subcutaneously or sub-muscularly implanted electronics unit. The devices may be anchored into the subcutaneous or sub-muscular pocket initially by a suture anchor and/or eventually by fibrous tissue ingrowth around the unit.
Endoscopic devices have been presented as an alternative to open or laparoscopic surgery. And example of such devices are described, for example in related U.S. Pat. No. 6,535,764, fully incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 6,535,764 describes a gastric stimulator that is implanted by delivering the device through the esophagus of a subject and attaching to the stomach wall from the inside of the stomach. Also, related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/109,296, fully incorporated herein by reference, describes a gastric stimulator that is implanted sub-mucosally within the stomach wall.
It would be desirable to provide improved gastric stimulation devices, delivery systems and delivery methods for an endoscopic approach. Such devices, systems and methods should efficiently access the implantation site through the esophagus, should allow secure attachment of the stimulation device to the organ wall, and should provide desired stimulation to the organ wall. In addition, it would be desirable to provide delivery systems and methods for passing through the organ wall, such as to access the peritoneal cavity and/or fixedly attach devices to the organ wall. At least some of these objectives will be met by the present invention.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention provides an implantable gastric stimulation device and system or method for implanting such a device. The details of the invention are set forth below in the detailed description, drawings and/or claims.
The implantable pulse generator (IPG) 10 comprises implantable electronic circuitry 1200 contained within a protective housing 1300. The housing 1300 is constructed of a corrosion resistant material, such as a material able to withstand implantation within a gastric environment. The IPG 10 is attached to the wall of the stomach 100 with the use of a housing anchor or electronics anchor 2000. The electronics anchor 2000 is typically attached to the wall of the stomach 100 in an area with less contractile forces, such as the fundus area. This assists in providing a relatively stable location for anchoring. However, stimulation may be desired in a different area, such as near the pes anserinus, along the lesser curvature or in desired locations throughout the antrum or body of the stomach. Therefore, an electrode may be positioned at any desired location with the use of an electrode lead anchor 3000. The electrode lead anchor 3000 has a flexible anchor portion 3050 that anchors the electrode lead anchor 3000 to the stomach wall adjacent a stimulation site. In this embodiment, the electrode lead anchor 3000 includes a first electrode 3200, a return electrode 3250 and flexible lead portion 3100. The flexible lead portion 3100 of the lead anchor 3000 is coupled to the electronic circuitry 1200 through a connector 1800 within header 1400 of housing 1300. The electrode lead anchor 3000 is configured to anchor the electrode 3200 so that it is in electrical contact with, or in proximity to the stomach wall. The flexible lead portion 3100 electrically couples the electrodes 3200, 3250 through the header 1400 to the electronic circuitry 1200. The electronic circuitry 1200 is configured to provide an electrically stimulating signal to the stomach wall through the electrodes 3200, 3250. While the electrodes 3200, 3250 are shown in particular configurations and locations on the electrode lead anchor 3000, numerous electrode configurations and positions are contemplated herein including, for example electrode constructs and configurations as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,535,764 and related cases including but not limited to U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/992,382; 11/256,264; 11/249,661; and 11/249,290, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
An external programmer 1500 may be used to program various stimulation parameters or other instructions into a memory device included with the electronic circuitry 1200. In addition, the stimulation system 1100 may include sensors that sense one or more parameters related to the patient's physiology and/or diet. An example of electronic circuitry, stimulation parameters, sensors and related systems are described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,535,764 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/950,345; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The external programmer 1500 may be coupled to a telemetry device 1600 that communicates with the electronic circuitry for the above-described and other purposes.
Electronics Anchor
As mentioned above, the IPG 10 is anchored to the wall of the stomach 100 with the use of an electronics anchor 2000.
The retaining element 2300 resides near or against the mucosal layer or inside surface of the wall of the stomach 100 so that the wall is held between the distal anchor portion 2050 and the retaining element 2300.
A distance d1 may be defined as a distance between the retaining element 2300 and the stomach wall (not shown) which is left after implantation and before healing occurs. The distance d2 is the distance from the inner surface of the anchor disc to the edge of the retaining element 2300. The distance d1 permits space for the increase of wall thickness of the stomach wall due to healing response of the stomach after the electronics anchor 2000 is implanted (see
Referring back to
Referring again to
Electrode Lead Anchor
As mentioned previously, the at least one stimulating electrode 3200 electrically contacts the wall of the stomach 100 with the use of the electrode lead anchor 3000.
Referring now to
Referring to
Accessing Space Adjacent the Serosa of the Stomach Through the Esophagus
As shown in
As shown in
As illustrated in
Once in position, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
Placement of the Electronics Anchor
The push element 4500 and guide element 2500 are then removed and the anchor remains in the opening (
Placement of the Electrode Lead Anchor
The placement of the electrode lead anchor 3000 may be deployed in a similar manner as the electronics anchor 2000 described above. In deploying the electrode lead anchor 3000, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As mentioned previously, the flexible lead portion 3100 is coupled with the retaining element 3600 during the healing process.
Referring back to
After the healing process has occurred, the flat extender portion 3925 of the cap 3900 is cut, freeing the proximal end of the lead 3425 of the flexible lead portion 3100 with the temporary cap 3900 still attached. Using endoscopic methods, the connector end 3425 of the flexible lead portion 3100 may then be pulled through the esophagus out of the mouth where the temporary cap 3900 is removed and the connector end 3425 is coupled to the connector 1800 of the header 1400 of the housing 1300 as shown in
Placement of the Stimulator within the Stomach
It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
Claims
1. A method for implanting an electrical stimulator comprising:
- providing stimulator electronic circuitry and a first anchor configured to anchor stimulator electronic circuitry to a stomach wall wherein the first anchor comprises: an anchor portion, a coupling portion and a guide coupling portion;
- anchoring the first anchor to the stomach wall of a subject with the anchor portion;
- coupling a guide to the guide coupling portion of the first anchor wherein the guide extends out of an esophagus of the subject;
- guiding the stimulator electronic circuitry with the guide portion from out of the esophagus, into a coupled position with the coupling portion of the first anchor.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
- providing a second anchor configured to anchor an electrode to a stomach wall wherein the second anchor comprises: an anchor portion: a lead portion; and an electrical connector portion, and wherein the stimulator further comprises a lead connector;
- anchoring the second anchor to the stomach wall of the subject with the anchor portion wherein the electrical connector portion extends out of the esophagus of the patient; and
- coupling the electrical connector portion of the anchor to the lead connector of the stimulator electronic circuitry.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of advancing the stimulator electronic circuitry through the esophagus into the stomach after coupling the electrical connector portion of the anchor to the lead connector of the stimulator electronic circuitry.
4. A method for implanting an electrical stimulator comprising:
- providing stimulator electronic circuitry and an electrode anchor configured to anchor an electrode to a stomach wall, wherein the electrode anchor comprises: an anchor portion: a lead portion; and an electrical connector portion, and wherein the stimulator further comprises a lead connector;
- anchoring the electrode anchor to the stomach wall of the subject with the anchor portion wherein the electrical connector portion extends out of the esophagus of the patient; and
- coupling the electrical connector portion of the anchor to the lead connector of the stimulator electronic circuitry.
5. A system for implanting an anchor on a stomach wall from within the stomach, the system comprising:
- an anchor comprising an expandable portion and an elongate portion wherein when implanted in a stomach wall, the expandable portion is expanded to engage an outside of a stomach wall and the elongate portion extends through a stomach wall;
- a dilator configured to dilate an opening through the stomach wall; and
- a delivery cannula positionable through the opening in the stomach wall and configured to receive the anchor advanced through the cannula into an implanted position.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the elongate portion of the anchor further comprises a guide coupling portion, and wherein the system further comprises a guide configured to couple to the guide coupling portion.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the guide further comprises a tension mechanism configured to provide tension with respect to the elongate portion of the anchor when coupled thereto.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the guide is configured to manipulate the anchor when coupled to the guide coupling portion and the tension mechanism.
9. A system for accessing space adjacent a serosa of a stomach through an esophagus, the system comprising:
- a first balloon catheter having an expandable first balloon configured to slide over a guidewire extending out of the esophagus, the first balloon being sized to span the stomach wall thickness and to inflate to a first diameter and dilate an opening through the stomach wall; and
- a sheath configured to slide over the first balloon catheter and contact the balloon inflated to the first diameter, the first diameter being sufficient to slide the sheath in unison with the first balloon catheter through the dilated opening until the sheath extends through the stomach wall into the space, the balloon being withdrawable proximally through the sheath when deflated.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first balloon has a length of greater than approximately 4 mm.
11. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
- a hollow needle having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end configured to extend out of the esophagus of the patient and the distal end configured to pierce the stomach wall to create the opening into the space; and
- a first guidewire configured to slide within the hollow needle.
12. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
- a crossing catheter;
- a second balloon catheter having a second balloon expandable from a deflated configuration to a second diameter; the second balloon in the deflated configuration being smaller than the dilated opening to facilitate positioning the second balloon within the opening when the opening has been dilated by the first balloon, the second diameter being greater than an outer diameter of the crossing catheter, the second balloon of the second balloon catheter slidably advanceable through the crossing catheter when in the deflated configuration for bringing a distal end of the crossing catheter into contact with the inflated second balloon, the crossing catheter and second balloon catheter advanceable in unison from outside the esophagus through the opening until the crossing catheter extends through the stomach wall.
13. An anchor for implantation of a stimulation system within the stomach, the system comprising:
- an elongated portion having distal end, a proximal end and one or more detents along the elongated portion, wherein the elongate portion is configured to extend through a hole in the stomach wall;
- an expandable portion coupled to the distal end of the elongated portion, the expandable portion being configured to collapse when inserted through the hole in the stomach wall and expand to engage an outside of a stomach wall; and
- a retaining element configured to engage one of the detents on the elongate portion to hold the anchor in place in the stomach wall.
14. The anchor of claim 13, wherein the anchor is an electronics anchor, further comprising:
- a tapered end on the proximal end of the elongate portion; and
- a loop on the tapered end, wherein the tapered end and loop are configured to engage the distal end of a guide element for attachment of the retaining element to the elongate portion.
15. The anchor of claim 13, wherein the anchor is an electrode lead anchor, further comprising:
- one or more electrodes with exposed surfaces on the elongate portion and/or the expandable portion; and
- a flexible lead portion with electrical connectors therethrough having a distal end coupled to the one or more electrodes and a proximal end coupled to a lead connector, wherein the lead connector is configured to couple with electronic circuitry of a stimulator.
16. A method for implanting a stimulation system within the stomach comprising:
- attaching an electrode lead anchor to the stomach wall at a first location, the electrode lead anchor having one or more electrodes in contact with the stomach wall and an electrical connector coupled to the electrode(s);
- temporarily capping the electrical connector;
- allowing a healing period for the first location in the stomach wall;
- after the healing period, coupling the connector to a pulse generator having electronic circuitry;
- implanting the electronic circuitry and transmitting stomach stimulation signals from the electronic circuitry to the stomach via the electrode(s).
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the healing period is longer than two weeks.
18. The method of claim 16, the electrode lead anchor further comprising a flexible lead portion with electrical connectors therethrough coupled to the electrodes at a distal end and the electrical connector portion at a proximal end, and a retaining element having one or more arms; the method further comprising:
- attaching an electronics anchor to the stomach wall at a first location;
- attaching a temporary cap to the electrical connector portion;
- attaching the temporary cap with the one or more arms of the retaining element;
- after the healing period, separating the temporary cap from the one or more arms and removing the temporary cap;
- coupling the electrical connector portion of the electrode lead anchor to the electronic circuitry in the electrical pulse generator; and
- attaching the pulse generator with the electronics anchor.
19. A stimulation system for implantation within the stomach comprising:
- an electronics anchor configured to attach to the stomach wall at a first location;
- an electrode lead anchor configured to attach to the stomach wall at a second location, the electrode lead anchor having one or more electrodes configured to contact the stomach wall and a flexible lead portion with electrical connectors therethrough coupled to the one or more electrodes at a distal end and an the electrical connector portion at a proximal end;
- a pulse generator coupled to the electronics anchor, the pulse generator having electronic circuitry coupled to the electrical connector portion of the electrode lead anchor, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to communicate with the one or more electrodes;
- an external programmer configured to communicate with the electronic circuitry of the pulse generator via a telemetry device to provide stimulation instructions.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the electronics anchor comprises:
- an elongated portion having distal end, a proximal end and one or more detents along the elongated portion, wherein the elongate portion is configured to extend through a hole in the stomach wall
- an expandable portion coupled to the distal end of the elongated portion, the expandable portion being configured to collapse when inserted through the hole in the stomach wall and expand to engage an outside of a stomach wall;
- a retaining element configured to engage one of the detents on the elongate portion to hold the anchor in place in the stomach wall;
- a tapered end on the proximal end of the elongate portion; and
- a loop on the tapered end, wherein the tapered end and loop are configured to engage the distal end of a guide element for attachment of the retaining element to the elongate portion.
21. The system of claim 19, wherein the electrode lead anchor further comprises:
- an elongated portion having distal end, a proximal end and one or more detents along the elongated portion, wherein the elongate portion is configured to extend through a hole in the stomach wall
- an expandable portion coupled to the distal end of the elongated portion, the expandable portion being configured to collapse when inserted through the hole in the stomach wall and expand to engage an outside of a stomach wall
- wherein the one or more electrodes have exposed surfaces on the elongate portion and/or the expandable portion; and
- a retaining element configured to engage one of the detents on the elongate portion to hold the anchor in place in the stomach wall.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 16, 2011
Publication Date: Jul 7, 2011
Applicant: IntraPace, Inc. (Mountain View, CA)
Inventors: Baber Syed (Cupertino, CA), Kurt Sparks (San Carlos, CA), Ken Wong (Saratoga, CA), Michael Wei (Redwood City, CA), Mir A. Imran (Los Altos Hills, CA)
Application Number: 13/049,329
International Classification: A61B 19/00 (20060101); A61N 1/05 (20060101);