Fabrics Containing Multi-Groove Fibers
Fabric having a fabric body defines a first surface and an opposite second surface, with at least one of the first and second surfaces incorporating fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers. The whiskers are separated by axially-extending grooves. The fibers have denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf. Garments formed of such fabric are also described.
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This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Application Serial No.: 61/587,299 filed Jan. 17, 2012, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis disclosure relates to fabrics consisting, at least in part, of synthetic fibers having an axial core with multiple, axial grooves defined between axially-elongated, axially arranged whiskers.
BACKGROUNDFine denier fibers, i.e. fibers having relatively reduced weight per length, which can be achieved, e.g., through reduced fiber diameter, are often used in fabrics, e.g. for garments and the like, to provide a soft surface touch, e.g. to the wearer's skin. However, low denier fibers typically generate only very low bulk, i.e. thickness, e.g. when used as a terry knit yarn (in circular knit) and subjected to a raising process, e.g. brushing, napping, etc. Low denier fibers, e.g. less than about 0.3 to 1.0 denier per filament (dpf), incorporated into fabric yarns by direct spinning or by island-in-the-sea construction (i.e. fine denier fibers for the “islands”) introduced in a larger denier fiber of soluble or dissolvable polymer (the “sea” that is subsequently removed leaving the fine denier fibers) tend to flatten out quite readily under pressure, thus causing the fabric to lose its desirable bulk (surface thickness).
High performance and other fabrics are also often designed for enhanced water management performance, i.e. for removal of sweat and other moisture from the fabric inner surface at the wearer's skin by wicking through the fabric to the exposed outer surface, where evaporation can occur. In fabric systems of this nature, it is often desirable to provide a differential of denier between fibers at the inner surface and fibers at the outer surface of the fabric, with the inner surface fibers having relatively higher denier, thereby to encourage enhanced wicking action. This relationship of denier between fibers of the inner surface and fibers of the outer surface thus limits the denier of the inner surface, where enhanced fineness of the fibers would otherwise be desirable, e.g. for increased comfort to the wearer's skin.
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In one aspect, the disclosure features a fabric comprising a fabric body defining a first surface and an opposite second surface. At least one of the first surface and the second surface incorporates fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers. The whiskers are separated by axially-extending grooves. The fibers have denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf. In another aspect, the disclosure features a garment formed of such a fabric.
Implementations of the fabric and/or the garment may include one or more of the following features. The first surface is a smooth surface and incorporates said fibers. The first surface is a raised surface and incorporates said fibers. The second surface incorporates fibers other than said fibers. The second surface is a raised surface and incorporates said fibers. The raised surface of the fabric is an inner surface of the garment, facing toward a skin surface of a wearer. The second surface incorporates fibers other said fibers, and the fibers incorporated in the second surface have denier relatively greater than the denier of said fibers incorporated in the first surface. The fibers other than said fibers incorporated in the second surface have denier of about 0.1 dpf to about 3.0 dpf. The fabric has construction selected from among has double needle bar warp knit (raschel), circular terry sinker loop (plaited or reverse plaited), cut loop terry sinker loop, and brushed warp knit construction. The fabric has constructions selected from among plaited single jersey, plaited jersey, double knit, tricot, the jersey side of single face construction, 2-end fleece, and 3-end fleece construction. The raised surface defines pillars separated by intersecting channels, the pillars being defined by discrete regions of relative high pile and the intersecting channels being defined by discrete regions of relatively lower pile or no pile. The raised surface defines pockets, the pockets being defined by discrete regions of relatively low pile or no pile arrayed among relatively higher pile. The first and second surfaces both incorporate said fibers. The fabric body further comprises elastomeric fibers. The fabric body has 4-way stretch. The fabric has construction selected from woven construction, double weave construction, and warp knit construction. The core and the whiskers of said fibers consist of the same polymer or compatible polymers. The polymer of the core and/or of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations. The fibers have about 3 to about 200, e.g., about 10 to about 200, whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of said fibers. The axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves. The whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns, The core has a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf. The whiskers may an average length of up to about 200% of the diameter of the core, e.g., for relatively longer whiskers, or may have an average length of down to about 0.01% of a diameter of the core, e.g. for relatively shorter whiskers. The relatively longer whiskers may have an average length in the range of about 20% to about 100% of a diameter of a core, and relatively shorter whiskers may have an average length in the range of about 0.1% to about 1.0% of a diameter of a core, or about 200 nm to about 2 microns.
Implementations of this disclosure may include one or more of the following advantages. For example, fabrics incorporating multi-groove fibers (“MGF”), e.g., multi-groove nano or micro fibers, having a core from which extend, generally radially, multiple axially-elongated whiskers separated by axially-extending grooves can have an ultra-suede touch. The multi-groove fibers can be incorporated into a raised surface, or surfaces, of a fabric forming outer and/or inner surfaces of a garment.
The multi-groove fibers have a relatively fine denier (weight per length), e.g. when compared to standard fibers of similar diameter, but the multi-groove fibers are relatively thicker (i.e. having relatively greater diameter) and provide more bulk, e.g. as compared to fibers of standard cross-section and similar denier. Loop yarn and/or pile surfaces including the multi-groove fibers on the raised surface can have enhanced thickness (bulk).
The multi-groove fibers diffuse light directed onto the surface of a garment, providing the garment with fibers having relatively shorter whiskers with the appearance of a dull or matte finish, e.g. as compared to a reflectively shiny finish.
A raised surface fabric, whether single face or double face, incorporating multi-groove fibers having relatively longer whiskers in the raised surface(s), can provide improved thermal insulation by entrapment and retention of air, and will resist release or displacement of the entrapped air, e.g. as compared to standard raised surface fabric, when exposed to dynamic conditions (movement and/or blowing air). The fabric can have a single raised surface or it can have two, opposite, raised surfaces. Under static conditions, the raised surface of a fabric of the disclosure having a raised surface formed of multi-groove fibers and the raised surface of a fabric having a raised surface formed instead of conventional fibers, without grooves or whiskers, both entrap a similar amount of air to provide similar thermal insulation properties to the fabric. However, air displacement in the raised surface formed of the multi-groove fibers is reduced as compared to a raised surface formed of conventional fibers, e.g., because of the tortuosity effect caused by the multi-groove fibers. In addition, under dynamic conditions, i.e., when the fabrics are in motion, e.g. caused by wind or by movement of the wearer, movement of multi-groove fibers on a raised surface of fabric of the disclosure is more restricted, e.g. as compared to movement of conventional fibers of a raised surface of a conventional fabric, e.g. in particular in the case of relatively longer whiskers. Accordingly, the fabric of the disclosure provides good thermal insulation to the wearer under both static and dynamic conditions.
A fabric incorporating multi-groove fibers can be foamed into a garment having its raised surface facing the skin surface of a wearer. The raised surface can be patterned, e.g., to define grids, pillars, interconnected channels, pockets, or other surface features, including to enhance thermal insulation, air circulation, and water management capabilities.
The multi-groove fibers can also be incorporated into a smooth surface of a fabric, e.g. for use as an outer surface of a garment. The multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers can be used on the technical face of plaited terry sinker loop, or on the outer side of plaited jersey, double knit and tricot, to provide enhanced water management and improved rate of drying.
In particular, a fabric incorporating the multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers can have enhanced water management performance. The grooves of the multi-groove fibers can provide enhanced movement of water along or through the fabric by flow of water along the grooves. The whiskers of the multi-groove fibers cause the fibers to have relatively larger surface area, resulting in increased water holding capacity and enhanced water evaporation.
Plaited jersey or double knit with multi-groove fibers having small denier can be used advantageously on the outer-facing surface a garment in order to permit use of relatively coarse denier down to smaller denier fibers on the inner-facing surface of the garment, thereby maintaining the differential of higher to lower denier between the inner-and outer-facing surfaces, as required for effective wicking of fluid towards the outer surface, and also providing enhanced comfort for the wearer with relatively lower denier at the inner facing surface.
Dimensions of the multi-groove fibers, such as length and/or density of the whiskers, can be selected to enhance desired performance features of the fibers, of fabrics made of or containing the fibers, and of garments formed of the fabrics.
All fabrics including the multi-groove fibers can also include elastomeric yarns.
Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
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Multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers, e.g. as developed by Taiwan Textile Researched Institute (“TTRI”), are described in Liu et al. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0159241, published Jun. 24, 2010 (assigned on its face to Taiwan Textile Research Institute), the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As will be described, whisker fibers permit formation of fabrics, including raised surface velour and velour/velour fabrics, with certain advantageous features, including, but not limited to, ultra-suede touch, while still generating appropriate thickness/bulk of the raised surface fabric.
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The core 22 is formed of a synthetic (polymeric) material, e.g., selected from among, e.g. polyester, nylon, polypropylene, and others. The whiskers 24 are formed of the same synthetic material as the core 20. For example, both the core 20 and the whiskers 24 are formed of polyester. Referring to
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The polymers 34, 36 can be in the form of alternating sheets or webs extending along a longitudinal axis of the core 32. The polymer 34 is the same as the synthetic material forming the core 32. The polymer 36 is different from the materials forming the core 32 and the polymer 34, and is dissolvable or otherwise removable. The polymer 36 and the polymer 34 typically have surface energy that is quite similar. Referring still to
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According to the present disclosure, the sizes, thicknesses, and/or mass densities of the multi-groove fibers 20 can be selected based on the desired features of the fibers 20, e.g., denier, and/or other features of the raised surface(s) 14 or 14′, 16′ (
In some implementations, each multi-groove fiber 20 has about 3 to about 200 whiskers, e.g., about 10-200 whiskers, about 40-200 whiskers, or about 60-80 whiskers, extending generally radially from the core. The grooves 26 extend the entire length of the multi-groove fiber 20. In some implementations, the grooves 26 have substantially the same dimensions and/or are substantially evenly distributed about and/or along a cross-sectional surface of the multi-groove fiber 20. In other implementations, the grooves 26 may have different dimensions and/or may be distributed irregularly. Although the core 22 and the multi-groove fibers 20 appearing in the figures are shown as having circular cross-section, it is to be understood that the core 22 and the multi-groove fibers 10 may have other cross-sectional shapes. In some implementations, a fiber can include both relatively longer whiskers and relatively shorter whiskers along its cross section.
In some implementations, the multi-groove fibers 20 are formed or consist of synthetic (polymeric) material. The core 22 and the whiskers 24 are typically formed of the same polymeric material. Suitable polymeric materials for use in the core 22 and the whiskers 24 include, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, and/or combinations thereof.
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The multi-groove fibers 20, 40 can be used in one or more raised surfaces of a fabric to provide thermal insulation, particularly in dynamic conditions. Referring to
In some implementations, the fabrics and garment segments discussed above, e.g., in
Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1. A fabric comprising a fabric body defining a first surface and an opposite second surface, and at least one of the first surface and the second surface incorporating fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves, said fibers having denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
2. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the first surface is a smooth surface and incorporates said fibers.
3. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the first surface is a raised surface and incorporates said fibers.
4. The fabric of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the second surface incorporates fibers other than said fibers.
5. The fabric of claim 3, wherein the second surface is a raised surface and incorporates said fibers.
6. The fabric of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the second surface incorporates fibers other said fibers, and the fibers incorporated in the second surface have denier relatively greater than the denier of said fibers incorporated in the first surface.
7. The fabric of claim 3, wherein the fibers other than said fibers incorporated in the second surface have denier of about 0.1 dpf to about 3.0 dpf.
8. The fabric of claim 3, wherein the fabric has construction selected from among has double needle bar warp knit (raschel), circular terry sinker loop, cut loop terry sinker loop, and brushed warp knit construction.
9. The fabric of claim 2, wherein the fabric has constructions selected from among plaited single jersey, plaited jersey, double knit, tricot, the jersey side of single face construction, 2-end fleece, and 3-end fleece construction.
10. The fabric of claim 6, wherein the raised surface defines pillars separated by intersecting channels, the pillars being defined by discrete regions of relative high pile and the intersecting channels being defined by discrete regions of relatively lower pile or no pile.
11. The fabric of claim 6, wherein the raised surface defines pockets, the pockets being defined by discrete regions of relatively low pile or no pile arrayed among relatively higher pile.
12. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the first and second surfaces both incorporate said fibers.
13. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric body further comprises elastomeric fibers.
14. The fabric of claim 13, wherein the fabric body has 4-way stretch.
15. The fabric of claim 1, wherein said fabric has construction selected from woven construction, double weave construction, and warp knit construction.
16. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the core and the whiskers of said fibers consist of the same polymer or compatible polymers.
17. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the polymer of the core and/or of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations.
18. The fabric of claim 1, wherein said fibers have about 3 to about 200 whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of said fibers.
19. The fabric of claim 1, wherein said axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves.
20. The fabric of claim 1, wherein said whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns.
21. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the core has a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
22. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the whiskers have an average length up to about 200% of a diameter of the core.
23. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the whiskers have an average length down to about 0.01% of a diameter of the core.
24. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the whiskers have an average length in the range of about 20% and to about 100% of a diameter of the core, or about 0.1% to about 1.0% of a diameter of the core.
25. A garment formed of the fabric of claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein a raised surface of the fabric is an outer surface of the garment, facing away from skin of a wearer.
26. A garment formed of the fabric of claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein a raised surface of the fabric is an inner surface of the garment, facing toward a skin surface of a wearer.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 18, 2012
Publication Date: Jul 18, 2013
Applicant: MMI-IPCO, LLC (Lawrence, MA)
Inventor: MMI-IPCO, LLC (Lawrence, MA)
Application Number: 13/717,912
International Classification: D03D 15/00 (20060101); A41D 1/00 (20060101);