HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GENERATOR
A hydrogen and oxygen generator has two end plates, at least two electrode assemblies defining an electrolysis chamber therebetween and being disposed between the two end plates, and at least one fastener connecting the two end plates together. Each electrode assembly has a plate defining an electrode portion having a perimeter and defining inlet and outlet apertures, an inlet insulating grommet disposed in the inlet aperture and covering an edge thereof, an outlet insulating grommet disposed in the outlet aperture and covering an edge thereof, and an insulating band disposed around the electrode portion and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the perimeter. The insulating bands of the at least two electrode assemblies abut each other. The inlet and outlet apertures of the at least two electrode assemblies fluidly communicate with the electrolysis chamber. An electrode assembly and a hydrogen and oxygen generation system are also disclosed.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/042,397, filed Aug. 27, 2014, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGYThe present technology relates to hydrogen and oxygen generators.
BACKGROUNDOne known method of generating hydrogen and oxygen is through electrolysis. In its most basic form, two electrodes are placed in water and electrical power is applied to the electrodes. As a result, hydrogen forms at the cathode and oxygen forms at the anode. However, the electrolysis of pure water requires a lot of energy. To facilitate the electrolysis process, and reduce the amount of energy required, a water-soluble electrolyte is typically added to the water to form an electrolyte solution.
To increase the production of hydrogen and oxygen, a generator consisting of a stack of spaced electrodes can be used. In some implementations, the stack of electrodes is submerged in electrolyte solution. However, this design is impractical for applications where the generator may need to be moved.
In other implementations, each electrode has an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture defined therein and each adjacent pair of electrodes is separated by a gasket sandwiched between the electrodes. Multiple fasteners hold and compress the stack of electrodes and gaskets together. As a result, an electrolysis chamber is formed between each pair of adjacent electrodes and their associated gasket. The electrolyte solution flows through the inlet apertures of each electrode to fill the electrolysis chambers. Electrical power is applied to the electrodes as a result of which hydrogen and oxygen form on the electrodes. The hydrogen and oxygen flow out of the electrolysis chambers via the outlet apertures.
One of the inconveniences of the above implementation resides in its complicated and lengthy assembly. The formation of the stack by alternatingly placing an electrode then a gasket is time consuming. Also, all of the elements of the stack must be perfectly aligned for maximum efficiency which can be difficult to achieve. Finally, to insure that the generator does not leak, multiple fasteners have to be used to hold and compress the stack together.
Therefore, it would be desirable to have a hydrogen and oxygen generator that is easier and faster to assemble.
Another one of the inconveniences of the above implementation results from the presence of exposed sharp edges on the electrode. The outer perimeter of the electrode and the edges forming the perimeter of the apertures in the electrode are sharp edges causing electrical fields of higher intensity to form at these locations. This results in more heat being generated at the sharp edges thereby heating the electrolyte solution, faster corrosion of the electrodes at these location and decreased efficiency of the generator. One solution consists in adding a cooling system to cool the electrolyte solution, but this decreases the efficiency of the generator due to the power required to operate the cooling system.
In addition to the above inconveniences associated with the sharp edges on the electrode, another inconvenience due to the sharp edges appears when the electrodes are connected in series. In many implementations, all the inlet apertures are aligned with each other and all the outlet apertures are aligned with each other to facilitate the flow of fluid therethrough. The exposed edges of the apertures form a preferred electrical path. As such, the electrical current will jump from aperture to aperture, effectively bypassing the electrodes where no electrical power is directly applied. This is sometimes referred to as leakage current. One solution consists in misaligning the apertures, thereby reducing the amount of leakage current by breaking the straight electrical path. However, this makes fluid flow through the generator difficult. Also, each misaligned aperture forms a region where the two electrodes disposed on either side of the electrode having the misaligned aperture face each other. Thus, in this region, the voltage difference is twice the voltage difference that exists between two adjacent electrodes, thus increasing corrosion in this region.
Therefore, it would be desirable to have a generator that addresses at least some of the inconveniences associated with the presence of sharp edges on the electrodes.
SUMMARYIt is an object of the present technology to ameliorate at least some of the inconveniences present in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the present technology, there is provided an electrode assembly for a hydrogen and oxygen generator having a plate defining an electrode portion, the electrode portion having a perimeter, the electrode portion defining an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, an inlet insulating grommet disposed in the inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the inlet aperture, an outlet insulating grommet disposed in the outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the outlet aperture, and an insulating band disposed around the electrode portion and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the perimeter.
In some implementations of the present technology, the inlet insulating grommet, the outlet insulating grommet and the insulating band are integral.
In some implementations of the present technology, the outlet aperture is disposed closer to an upper end of the electrode portion than the inlet aperture.
In some implementations of the present technology, the electrode portion is generally rectangular. The inlet and outlet apertures are disposed at diagonally opposite corners of the electrode portion.
In some implementations of the present technology, the plate has a connector portion. The connector portion extending from the electrode portion. The connector portion extending through the insulating band.
In some implementations of the present technology, a thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion of the inlet insulating grommet. The thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion the outlet insulating grommet.
In some implementations of the present technology, the plate has a first face and a second face. The insulating band has a first face disposed a first distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a second distance from the second face of the plate. The inlet insulating grommet has a first face disposed a third distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a fourth distance from the second face of the plate. The outlet insulating grommet has a first face disposed a fifth distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a sixth distance from the second face of the plate. The first distance is greater than the third and fifth distances. The second distance is greater than the fourth and sixth distances.
In some implementations of the present technology, the insulating band has at least one first rib extending away from a first face of the plate and at least one second rib extending away from a second face of the plate.
In some implementations of the present technology, the electrode portion defines at least one fastener aperture configured to receive a fastener therethrough. The electrode assembly also has at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet disposed in the at least one fastener aperture. Each of the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet covers an edge of the electrode portion defining a corresponding one of the at least one fastener aperture.
In some implementations of the present technology, the at least one fastener aperture is a single fastener aperture and the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet is a single fastener aperture insulating grommet.
In some implementations of the present technology, the single fastener aperture is defined at a center of the electrode portion.
In some implementations of the present technology, a thickness of the insulating band and a thickness of the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet are equal.
In some implementations of the present technology, the outlet aperture is a first outlet aperture. The electrode portion defines a second outlet aperture. The outlet insulating grommet is a first outlet insulating grommet. The electrode assembly also has a second outlet insulating grommet disposed in the second outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the second outlet aperture.
In some implementations of the present technology, the inlet aperture is a first inlet aperture. The electrode portion defines a second inlet aperture. The inlet insulating grommet is a first inlet insulating grommet. The electrode assembly also has a second inlet insulating grommet disposed in the second inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the second inlet aperture.
According to another aspect of the present technology, there is provided a hydrogen and oxygen generator having first and second endplates, at least two electrode assemblies, the at least two electrode assemblies defining an electrolysis chamber therebetween, the at least two electrodes assemblies being disposed between the first and second endplates, and at least one fastener connecting the first endplate to the second endplate. Each of the at least two electrode assemblies has a plate defining an electrode portion, the electrode portion having a perimeter, the electrode portion defining an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, an inlet insulating grommet disposed in the inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the inlet aperture, an outlet insulating grommet disposed in the outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the outlet aperture, and an insulating band disposed around the electrode portion and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the perimeter. The insulating bands of the at least two electrode assemblies abut each other. The inlet and outlet apertures of the at least two electrode assemblies fluidly communicate with the electrolysis chamber.
In some implementations of the present technology, the at least two electrode assemblies is at least three electrode assemblies disposed adjacent to each other in a pile. Each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies of the at least three electrode assemblies defines an electrolysis chamber therebetween. The insulating bands of each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies of the at least three electrode assemblies abut each other.
In some implementations of the present technology, a first insulating plate is disposed between the first endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies. A second insulating plate is disposed between the second endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies. The first and second insulating plates are made of a dielectric material.
In some implementations of the present technology, for each of the at least two electrode assemblies, the inlet insulating grommet, the outlet insulating grommet and the insulating band are integral.
In some implementations of the present technology, for each of the at least two electrode assemblies: the electrode portion is generally rectangular, and the inlet and outlet apertures are disposed at diagonally opposite corners of the electrode portion.
In some implementations of the present technology, for at least two of the at least two electrode assemblies: the plate has a connector portion, the connector portion extends from the electrode portion, and the connector portion extends through the insulating band.
In some implementations of the present technology, for each of the at least two electrode assemblies: a thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion of the inlet insulating grommet, and the thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion the outlet insulating grommet.
In some implementations of the present technology, the first and second endplates each define a single fastener aperture. For each of the at least two electrode assemblies: the electrode portion defines a single fastener aperture, and a fastener aperture insulating grommet is disposed in the fastener aperture and covers an edge of the electrode portion defining the fastener aperture. The fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrode assemblies are coaxial. The at least one fastener is a single fastener passing through the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrode assemblies for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies together.
In some implementations of the present technology, the fastener aperture insulating grommets of the at least two electrode assemblies abut each other.
According to another aspect of the present technology, there is provided a hydrogen and oxygen generation system having the above generator and optionally one or more of its above implementations, a reservoir for storing an electrolyte solution; a pump for supplying electrolyte solution from the reservoir to the electrolysis chamber via at least one inlet aperture, at least one outlet aperture being fluidly connected to the reservoir for supplying hydrogen, oxygen and electrolyte solution to the reservoir from the electrolysis chamber, the reservoir having an outlet for supplying at least one of hydrogen and oxygen to a device, and a power source electrically connected to at least two of the at least two electrode assemblies.
In some implementations of the present technology, the generator further also has a housing disposed between the first and second endplates. The at least two electrode assemblies are housed in the housing. The housing defines an air inlet and an air outlet. The plate of each of the at least two electrode assemblies also has a cooling fin portion. For each of the at least two electrode assemblies the insulating band is disposed between the electrode portion and the cooling fin portion. The hydrogen and oxygen generation system also has an air blower fluidly connected to the air inlet for blowing air inside the housing. The air flowing over the cooling fins and exiting the housing via the air outlet.
In some implementations of the present technology, the plate of each of the at least two electrodes defines at least one coolant aperture. The coolant apertures fluidly communicate with each other to define a coolant passage. The coolant passage is fluidly separate from the electrolysis chamber. The hydrogen and oxygen generation system also has a coolant pump for supplying coolant to the coolant passage.
According to another aspect of the present technology, there is provided a hydrogen and oxygen generator having a first endplate defining a single fastener aperture, a second endplate defining a single fastener aperture, and at least two electrodes. The at least two electrode define an electrolysis chamber therebetween. The at least two electrodes are disposed between the first and second endplates. Each of the at least two electrodes defines: an inlet aperture, an outlet aperture, and a single fastener aperture. The inlet and outlet apertures of the at least two electrodes fluidly communicate with the electrolysis chamber. The fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes are coaxial. The generator also has at least one sealing element disposed between each a pair of adjacent electrodes of the at least two electrodes, and a single fastener passing through the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrodes together.
In some implementations of the present technology, the single fastener is a sole means for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrodes together.
In some implementations of the present technology, the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes are disposed in a center of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes.
In some implementations of the present technology, each electrode has a fastener aperture insulating grommet disposed in the single fastener aperture.
In some implementations of the present technology, the fastener aperture insulating grommets of the at least two electrode abut each other.
Embodiments of the present technology each have at least one of the above-mentioned object and/or aspects, but do not necessarily have all of them. It should be understood that some aspects of the present technology that have resulted from attempting to attain the above-mentioned object may not satisfy this object and/or may satisfy other objects not specifically recited herein.
Additional and/or alternative features, aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present technology will become apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.
For a better understanding of the present technology, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where:
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The generator 24 is powered by a direct current power drive 26 such as one or more batteries. It is contemplated that the direct current power drive 26 could be replaced by an alternating current power drive connected to a rectifier which is then connected to the generator 24. It is also contemplated that the power drive 26 could include a waveform generator targeted for specific effect and/or better overall efficiency of the reaction. The generator 24, through electrolysis, forms hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Some water vapor is also formed. The hydrogen and oxygen gases, the water vapor, and electrolyte solution leave the generator 24 via an outlet 28 and are returned to the reservoir 12 via an inlet 30 of the reservoir 12. The liquid electrolyte solution falls into the electrolyte solution contained in the reservoir 12. The hydrogen gas, the oxygen gas and water vapor remain in the top portion of the reservoir 12 above the electrolyte solution. Any hydrogen gas, oxygen gas that might have been entrained into the electrolyte solution bubbles to the surface and flows to the top portion of the reservoir 12.
The hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and water vapor in the top portion of the reservoir 12 flows out of the reservoir 12 via a gas outlet 32 in the top of the reservoir 12. From the gas outlet the hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and water vapor flow to a water condensation unit 34. It is contemplate that the water condensation unit 34 could be an active condensation unit or a passive condensation unit. The condensation unit 34 causes the water vapor to return to liquid form. A valve 36 allows the liquid water to be removed from the condensation unit 34. The hydrogen and oxygen gases flow out of the condensation unit 34 and pass through a pressure regulator 38 and a flame arrestor 40. It is contemplated that a PID controller and a pressure transducer could be used to control the amount of current supplied to the generator 24 in order to maintain a targeted pre-set gas pressure in the system. The hydrogen and oxygen gases can then be used for various purposes. For example, the hydrogen and oxygen gases can be supplied to an oxyhydrogen welding torch.
To control the operation of the generation system 10, a control unit 42 receives inputs from various sensors. The control unit 42 is connected to the power drive 26 to modulate and control the current sent to the generator 24 from the power source 44, such as the power grid, a generator or a battery pack for example. The control unit 42 receives signals from a current sensor 46 sensing a current being supplied by the power drive 26 to the generator 24. It is contemplated that the current sensor 46 could be integrated in the power drive 26. The control unit 42 is connected to the pump 20 to control its operation. The control unit 42 receives signals from a pressure sensor 48 sensing a pressure of the gases exiting the reservoir 12. Based on this signal, the control unit 42 can send a signal to the power drive 26 to adjust, stop or start the current supply to the generator 24 or send a signal to a valve 50 to open to release pressure should it be too high. The valve 50 can also be opened to purge the gases from the system 10 when it is no longer being used. Note that the valve 50 has been shown away from the line extending from the reservoir 12 to the condensation unit 34 for convenience, but the valve 50 fluidly communicates with this line. It is contemplated that the pressure sensor 48 could be replaced by a pressure switch. The control unit 42 receives signals from a temperature sensor 52 sensing a temperature of the electrolyte solution in the reservoir 12. Based on this signal, the control unit 42 can control the operation of a cooling system 54 for cooling the electrolyte solution, some implementations of which will be described below. It is contemplated that the control unit 42 could also control an active gas cooling/water condensing unit to capture and remove water vapor present in the generated gas. The control unit 42 can also control the operation of a cooling device 56, such as a fan, for cooling the electronic components. In a system 10 where the reservoir 12 can be automatically refilled, the control unit 42 receives signals from a fluid level sensor 58 sensing a level of the electrolyte solution in the reservoir 12. Based on this signal, the control unit 42 can control the operation of a pump 16, which when turned on, pumps electrolyte solution into the reservoir 12 via the filler neck 14. In order for a user to view data received by the control unit 42 and to adjust how the control unit 42 should control the system 10, the control unit 42 is connected to a user interface 60.
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The plate 128 can be made of any suitable electrode material. Examples of electrode material include, but are not limited to, carbon or nano-carbon doped plastic, platinum, rubidium, nickel, and titanium substrates. It is also contemplated that the plate 128 could be made of a material coated with an electrode material, such as, but not limited to, mixed metal oxide. In the present implementation, the plate 128 is made from stainless steel via a stamping or sintering process. The plate 128 has a rough surface finish in order to increase the surface area for the electrolysis process. It is contemplated the plate 128 could have a smooth surface finish.
The grommets 140, 142, 144 and the band 146 are made of a dielectric material such as an elastomer and most plastics. In the present implementation, the grommets 140, 142 are integral with the band 146, but it is contemplated that they could be separate. In the present implementation, the grommets 140, 142, 144 and the band 146 are all formed on the plate 128 during an overmolding process. It is contemplated that the grommet 144 could be formed separately from the grommets 140, 142 and the band 146 and then be manually or mechanically inserted in the fastener aperture 138. It is also contemplated that the grommets 140, 142 and the band 146 could be molded and then be manually or mechanically attached to the plate 128. It is also contemplated that the grommets 140, 142, 144 and the band 146 could be bonded or welded to the plate 128. As they are made from dielectric material, the grommets 140, 142, 144 and the band 146, which cover the edges of the plate 128, help reduce the previously mentioned problem of leakage current.
The thickness of the inlet and outlet insulating grommets 140, 142 is smaller than the thickness of the insulating band 146. As a result, when the electrode assemblies 102 are stacked, as can be seen in
The electrode assemblies 102 are stacked such that the inlet apertures 134 are coaxial with each other, the outlet apertures 136 are coaxial with each other, and the fastener apertures 138 are coaxial with each other. Also, the electrode assemblies 102 are stacked such that the connector portions 132 of adjacent electrode assemblies 102 are located along different sides of the stack of electrode assemblies 102. In the present implementation, the connector portions 132 of the electrode assemblies 102 disposed at the ends and the center of the stack are disposed along a lateral side of the stack of electrode assemblies 102 and the two connector portions 132 of the other two electrode assemblies 102 are disposed along a top of the stack of electrode assemblies 102. The three side connector portions 132 are connected to one pole of the power drive 26 and the three top connector portions 132 are connected to the other pole of the power drive 26. It is contemplated that the connector portions 132 could be disposed on opposite sides (see the implementation of
Once the electrode assemblies 102 are stacked, they are disposed between the plates 104, and then between the endplates 106. A single fastener, in the form of a bolt 148, is inserted through the apertures 114, 126 and 138. As can be seen in
It is contemplated that prior art generators using electrodes with gaskets between each pair of electrodes could be modified to have a single fastener aperture in each electrode and gaskets between the electrodes around each fastener aperture, thus allowing a single fastener to be used to hold the stack of electrodes together. Endplates and insulating plates could be modified accordingly to also be connected via the single fastener.
As a result, the insulating bands 146 are compressed against each other and act as sealing members preventing electrolyte solution inside the generator 100 to leak out of the generator 100 via the sides of the stack of electrode assemblies 102. Similarly, the fastener aperture insulating grommets 144 are compressed against each other and act as sealing members preventing electrolyte solution inside the generator 100 to leak out of the generator 100 via the fastener apertures 138 of the stack of electrode assemblies 102. The fastener aperture insulating grommets 144 also prevent current applied to the plates 128 to flow to the bolt 148.
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At the end of the generator 100 where the plug 160 is located, a hose connector 162 is inserted into the aperture 110 of the endplate 106 and threaded into the aperture 124 of the insulating plate 104 which are aligned with the outlet apertures 136 of the electrode assemblies 102. At the other end of the generator 100, a plug 164 is inserted into the aperture 110 of the endplate 106 and threaded into the aperture 124 of the insulating plate 104 which are aligned with the outlet apertures 136 of the electrode assemblies 102. From the electrolysis chambers 156, the electrolyte solution, the hydrogen gas, the oxygen gas and the water vapor flow via the spaces between the outlet aperture grommets 142 through the various outlet apertures 134 to the hose connector 162. From the hose connector 162, the electrolyte solution, the hydrogen gas, the oxygen gas and the water vapor flow via a hose (not shown) back to the reservoir 12.
It is contemplated that both hose connectors 158, 162 could be disposed at the same end of the generator 100 and that both plugs 160, 164 could be disposed at the other end of the generator 100. It is also contemplated that instead of providing plugs 160, 164, the corresponding holes 122, 124 in the insulating plates 104 could be omitted, in which case the corresponding holes 108, 110 in the endplates 106 could be omitted.
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The electrode assembly 300 also has an insulating band 304. As can be seen, the insulating band 300 has four lips 210, 212 on each side thereof. On each side of the insulating band 304, apertures 306 are provided between the innermost three ribs 210, 212 and the outermost ribs 210, 212. The apertures 306 result from the clamps used during the overmolding process used to form the band 304 and the grommets 140, 142 and 202. It is contemplated that all or some of the apertures 306 could be filled with a hard dielectric insert insuring proper spacing of the electrode assemblies. As can be seen in
The system 600 has a reservoir 604 defining two volumes 606. One of the volumes 606 receives the hydrogen gas and the other volume 606 receives the oxygen gas. Keeping the level of electrolyte solution in the reservoir 604 above common portion 608 of the two volumes 606 ensures that the hydrogen and oxygen gases do not mix in the reservoir 604. The hydrogen and oxygen gases each flow out of their corresponding volumes 606 via a corresponding gas outlet 32. The hydrogen and oxygen gases then flow through their own set of components 34, 38 and 40.
Each electrode assembly 702 two inlet apertures 134 and two outlet apertures 136. Each electrode assembly 702 has an inlet insulating grommet 704 disposed one inlet aperture 134, an inlet insulating grommet 706 disposed in the other inlet aperture 134, an outlet insulating grommet 708 disposed one outlet aperture 136 and an outlet insulating grommet 710 disposed in the other outlet aperture 136. The grommets 704 and 708 are disposed diagonally across from each other and are identical. The grommets 706 and 710 are disposed diagonally across from each other and are identical. The grommets 704 and 708 have the same thickness as the insulating band 146. The grommets 706 and 710 are thinner than the insulating band 146 and define grooves to permit the passage of electrolyte solution (grommets 706) or electrolyte solution and hydrogen gas or oxygen gas, as the case may be (grommets 710).
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A membrane 712 is disposed between each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies 702. Each membrane 712 has five apertures 714, each one of which is coaxial with one of the apertures 134, 136 and 138. The grommets 704 and 708 and the insulating bands 146 have notches to receive the membranes 712. The membranes 712 separate each electrolysis chamber 156 into two portions A, B. The membranes 712 are pure polymer or composite proton exchange membranes. One example of membrane 712 is the DuPont™ Nafion® PFSA membrane. Due to the parallel connection of the electrode assemblies 702, one of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas will form in the portions A of the electrolysis chambers 156 and the other of the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas will form in the portions B of the electrolysis chamber 156. The membranes 712 prevent the hydrogen and oxygen gases from mixing in the electrolysis chambers 156. Due to the arrangement of the grommets 708, 710 described above, the flow of hydrogen and oxygen gases out of the generator 700 remain fluidly separate from each other and the hydrogen gas flows out of one of the hose connectors 162 and the oxygen gas flows out of the other hose connector 162.
Each electrode assembly 802 two inlet apertures 134 and two outlet apertures 136. Each electrode assembly 802 has an inlet insulating grommet 804 disposed one inlet aperture 134, an inlet insulating grommet 806 disposed in the other inlet aperture 134, an outlet insulating grommet 808 disposed one outlet aperture 136 and an outlet insulating grommet 810 disposed in the other outlet aperture 136. The grommets 804 and 808 are disposed diagonally across from each other and are identical. The grommets 806 and 810 are disposed diagonally across from each other and are identical. The grommets 804 and 808 have the define grooves on one side (
A membrane 712 is disposed between each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies 802. Due to the series connection of the electrode assemblies 802, one of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas will form in the portions A of the electrolysis chambers 156 and the other of the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas will form in the portions B of the electrolysis chamber 156. The membranes 712 prevent the hydrogen and oxygen gases from mixing in the electrolysis chambers 156. Due to the arrangement of the grommets 808, 810 described above, the flow of hydrogen and oxygen gases out of the generator 800 remain fluidly separate from each other and the hydrogen gas flows out of one of the hose connectors 162 and the oxygen gas flows out of the other hose connector 162.
Modifications and improvements to the above-described implementations of the present technology may become apparent to those skilled in the art. The foregoing description is intended to be exemplary rather than limiting. The scope of the present technology is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. An electrode assembly for a hydrogen and oxygen generator comprising:
- a plate defining an electrode portion, the electrode portion having a perimeter, the electrode portion defining an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture;
- an inlet insulating grommet disposed in the inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the inlet aperture;
- an outlet insulating grommet disposed in the outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the outlet aperture; and
- an insulating band disposed around the electrode portion and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the perimeter.
2. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the inlet insulating grommet, the outlet insulating grommet and the insulating band are integral.
3. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the outlet aperture is disposed closer to an upper end of the electrode portion than the inlet aperture.
4. The electrode assembly of claim 3, wherein:
- the electrode portion is generally rectangular; and
- the inlet and outlet apertures are disposed at diagonally opposite corners of the electrode portion.
5. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the plate has a connector portion, the connector portion extending from the electrode portion, the connector portion extending through the insulating band.
6. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein:
- a thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion of the inlet insulating grommet; and
- the thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion the outlet insulating grommet.
7. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein:
- the plate has a first face and a second face;
- the insulating band has a first face disposed a first distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a second distance from the second face of the plate;
- the inlet insulating grommet has a first face disposed a third distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a fourth distance from the second face of the plate;
- the outlet insulating grommet has a first face disposed a fifth distance from the first face of the plate and a second face disposed a sixth distance from the second face of the plate;
- the first distance is greater than the third and fifth distances; and
- the second distance is greater than the fourth and sixth distances.
8. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the insulating band has at least one first rib extending away from a first face of the plate and at least one second rib extending away from a second face of the plate.
9. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein the electrode portion defines at least one fastener aperture configured to receive a fastener therethrough; and
- the electrode assembly further comprises at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet disposed in the at least one fastener aperture, each of the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet covering an edge of the electrode portion defining a corresponding one of the at least one fastener aperture.
10. The electrode assembly of claim 9, wherein the at least one fastener aperture is a single fastener aperture and the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet is a single fastener aperture insulating grommet.
11. The electrode assembly of claim 10, wherein the single fastener aperture is defined at a center of the electrode portion.
12. The electrode assembly of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the insulating band and a thickness of the at least one fastener aperture insulating grommet are equal.
13. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein:
- the outlet aperture is a first outlet aperture;
- the electrode portion defines a second outlet aperture; and
- the outlet insulating grommet is a first outlet insulating grommet;
- the electrode assembly further comprising a second outlet insulating grommet disposed in the second outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the second outlet aperture.
14. The electrode assembly of claim 13, wherein:
- the inlet aperture is a first inlet aperture;
- the electrode portion defines a second inlet aperture; and
- the inlet insulating grommet is a first inlet insulating grommet;
- the electrode assembly further comprising a second inlet insulating grommet disposed in the second inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the second inlet aperture.
15. A hydrogen and oxygen generator comprising:
- first and second endplates;
- at least two electrode assemblies, the at least two electrode assemblies defining an electrolysis chamber therebetween, the at least two electrodes assemblies being disposed between the first and second endplates; and
- at least one fastener connecting the first endplate to the second endplate,
- each of the at least two electrode assemblies comprising: a plate defining an electrode portion, the electrode portion having a perimeter, the electrode portion defining an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture; an inlet insulating grommet disposed in the inlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the inlet aperture; an outlet insulating grommet disposed in the outlet aperture and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the outlet aperture; and an insulating band disposed around the electrode portion and covering an edge of the electrode portion defining the perimeter,
- the insulating bands of the at least two electrode assemblies abutting each other;
- the inlet and outlet apertures of the at least two electrode assemblies fluidly communicating with the electrolysis chamber.
16. The generator of claim 15, wherein the at least two electrode assemblies is at least three electrode assemblies disposed adjacent to each other in a pile;
- wherein each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies of the at least three electrode assemblies defines an electrolysis chamber therebetween; and
- wherein the insulating bands of each pair of adjacent electrode assemblies of the at least three electrode assemblies abut each other.
17. The generator of claim 15, further comprising:
- a first insulating plate disposed between the first endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies; and
- a second insulating plate disposed between the second endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies,
- the first and second insulating plates being made of a dielectric material.
18. The generator of claim 15, wherein, for each of the at least two electrode assemblies, the inlet insulating grommet, the outlet insulating grommet and the insulating band are integral.
19. The generator of claim 15, wherein for each of the at least two electrode assemblies:
- the electrode portion is generally rectangular; and
- the inlet and outlet apertures are disposed at diagonally opposite corners of the electrode portion.
20. The generator of claim 15, wherein for at least two of the at least two electrode assemblies:
- the plate has a connector portion;
- the connector portion extends from the electrode portion; and
- the connector portion extends through the insulating band.
21. The generator of claim 15, wherein for each of the at least two electrode assemblies:
- a thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion of the inlet insulating grommet; and
- the thickness of the insulating band is greater than a thickness of at least a portion the outlet insulating grommet.
22. The generator of claim 15, wherein the first and second endplates each define a single fastener aperture;
- wherein for each of the at least two electrode assemblies: the electrode portion defines a single fastener aperture; and a fastener aperture insulating grommet is disposed in the fastener aperture and covers an edge of the electrode portion defining the fastener aperture;
- wherein the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrode assemblies are coaxial; and
- wherein the at least one fastener is a single fastener passing through the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrode assemblies for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrode assemblies together.
23. The generator of claim 22, wherein the fastener aperture insulating grommets of the at least two electrode assemblies abut each other.
24. A hydrogen and oxygen generation system comprising:
- the generator according to any one of claims 15 to 23;
- a reservoir for storing an electrolyte solution;
- a pump for supplying electrolyte solution from the reservoir to the electrolysis chamber via at least one inlet aperture;
- at least one outlet aperture being fluidly connected to the reservoir for supplying hydrogen, oxygen and electrolyte solution to the reservoir from the electrolysis chamber, the reservoir having an outlet for supplying at least one of hydrogen and oxygen to a device; and
- a power source electrically connected to at least two of the at least two electrode assemblies.
25. The hydrogen and oxygen generation system of claim 24, wherein the generator further comprises a housing disposed between the first and second endplates, the at least two electrode assemblies being housed in the housing, the housing defining an air inlet and an air outlet;
- wherein the plate of each of the at least two electrode assemblies further comprises a cooling fin portion;
- wherein for each of the at least two electrode assemblies the insulating band is disposed between the electrode portion and the cooling fin portion; and
- the hydrogen and oxygen generation system further comprises an air blower fluidly connected to the air inlet for blowing air inside the housing, the air flowing over the cooling fins and exiting the housing via the air outlet.
26. The hydrogen and oxygen generation system of claim 24, wherein the plate of each of the at least two electrodes defines at least one coolant aperture;
- wherein the coolant apertures fluidly communicate with each other to define a coolant passage, the coolant passage being fluidly separate from the electrolysis chamber; and
- the hydrogen and oxygen generation system further comprises a coolant pump for supplying coolant to the coolant passage.
27. A hydrogen and oxygen generator comprising:
- a first endplate defining a single fastener aperture;
- a second endplate defining a single fastener aperture;
- at least two electrodes, the at least two electrode defining an electrolysis chamber therebetween, the at least two electrodes being disposed between the first and second endplates,
- each of the at least two electrodes defining: an inlet aperture; an outlet aperture; and a single fastener aperture,
- the inlet and outlet apertures of the at least two electrodes fluidly communicating with the electrolysis chamber,
- the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes being coaxial;
- at least one sealing element disposed between each a pair of adjacent electrodes of the at least two electrodes; and
- a single fastener passing through the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrodes together.
28. The generator of claim 27, wherein the single fastener is a sole means for connecting the first endplate, the second endplate and the at least two electrodes together.
29. The generator of claim 27, wherein the fastener apertures of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes are disposed in a center of the first and second endplates and of the at least two electrodes.
30. The generator of claim 27, wherein each electrode has a fastener aperture insulating grommet disposed in the single fastener aperture.
31. The generator of claim 30, wherein the fastener aperture insulating grommets of the at least two electrode abut each other.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 27, 2015
Publication Date: Aug 31, 2017
Inventor: Thomas LACROIX (St-Georges)
Application Number: 15/505,466