PATIENT-SPECIFIC ACETABULAR ALIGNMENT GUIDES
An acetabular device includes a patient-specific acetabular alignment guide including a bone engagement surface. The bone engagement surface has a first portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complementary to an acetabular rim surface and a second portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complementary to a periacetabular area of an acetabulum of a patient. The acetabular alignment guide includes a plurality of guiding formations extending through the second portion for guiding a plurality of alignment pins therethrough. The bone engagement surface and the plurality of guiding formations are prepared from a three-dimensional model of the acetabulum of the specific patient reconstructed pre-operatively from a scan of the patient.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/446,660, filed on Feb. 25, 2011.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. Nos. 13/041,469, 13/041,495, 13/041,665 and 13/041,883, each filed on Mar. 7, 2011, each of which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/978,069 filed Dec. 23, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/973,214, filed Dec. 20, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/955,361 filed Nov. 29, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. Nos. 12/938,913 and 12/938,905, both filed Nov. 3, 2010, each of which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/893,306, filed Sep. 29, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,005, filed Sep. 22, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/714,023, filed Feb. 26, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/571,969, filed Oct. 1, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/486,992, filed Jun. 18, 2009, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/389,901, filed Feb. 20, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/211,407, filed Sep. 16, 2008, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/039,849, filed Feb. 29, 2008, which: (1) claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/953,620, filed on Aug. 2, 2007, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/947,813, filed on Jul. 3, 2007, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/911,297, filed on Apr. 12, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/892,349, filed on Mar. 1, 2007; (2) is a continuation-in-part U.S. application Ser. No. 11/756,057, filed on May 31, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/812,694, filed on Jun. 9, 2006; (3) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/971,390, filed on Jan. 9, 2008, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/363,548, filed on Feb. 27, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,780,672, issued on Aug. 24, 2010; and (4) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/025,414, filed on Feb. 4, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/953,637, filed on Aug. 2, 2007.
This application is continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/872,663, filed on Aug. 31, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/310,752 filed on Mar. 5, 2010.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/483,807, filed on Jun. 12, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/371,096, filed on Feb. 13, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/103,824, filed on Apr. 16, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/912,178, filed on Apr. 17, 2007.
This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/103,834, filed on Apr. 16, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/912,178, filed on Apr. 17, 2007.
The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
INTRODUCTIONThe present teachings provide a patient-specific acetabular alignment guide and related instruments for guiding an acetabular implant into the acetabulum of a patient.
SUMMARYThe present teachings provide an acetabular device. In one aspect, the acetabular system includes a patient-specific acetabular alignment guide including a bone engagement surface. The bone engagement surface has a first portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complementary to an acetabular rim surface and a second portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complementary to a periacetabular area of an acetabulum of a patient. The acetabular alignment guide includes a plurality of guiding formations extending through the second portion for guiding a plurality of alignment pins therethrough. The bone engagement surface and the plurality of guiding formations are prepared from a three-dimensional model of the acetabulum of the specific patient reconstructed pre-operatively from a scan of the patient.
The acetabular device can also include an acetabular inserter including a handle, a shaft and an acetabular coupler and a first alignment adapter removably coupled to the shaft of the acetabular inserter. The first alignment adapter includes a plurality of apertures configured to correspond to the guiding formations of the acetabular alignment guide, such that the alignment pins can pass through the apertures of the alignment adapter after the acetabular alignment guide is removed without removing the alignment pins from the patient.
The present teachings also provide a method for inserting an acetabular implant into the acetabulum of a patient. The method includes engaging a patient-specific surface of the acetabular alignment guide to a complementary rim surface and periacetabular area of a patient and inserting a plurality of alignment pins through corresponding alignment apertures of the acetabular alignment guide and into the periacetabular area of the patient. The method further includes removing the acetabular alignment guide without removing the alignment pins from the patient, guiding a first alignment adapter coupled to an acetabular inserter over the alignment pins, and implanting the acetabular implant with the acetabular inserter.
The present teachings provide an acetabular device that includes an annular acetabular guide including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first surface is patient-specific and made to conform to an acetabular rim surface around an acetabulum of a patient in accordance with a three-dimensional image of the acetabulum of the patient. The acetabular guide includes a cylindrical inner guiding surface oriented at patient-specific anteversion and abduction angles relative to the first surface. The acetabular device also includes a patient-specific adapter having an outer surface mateable with the inner surface of the acetabular guide and having a quick-connection component for coupling to a non-custom acetabular instrument.
Further areas of applicability of the present teachings will become apparent from the description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
The present teachings will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present teachings, applications, or uses.
The present teachings generally provide a patient-specific acetabular guide and associated inserter for use in orthopedic surgery, such as in joint replacement or revision surgery, for example. The patient-specific alignment guides can be used either with conventional or patient-specific implant components prepared with computer-assisted image methods. Computer modeling for obtaining three dimensional images of the patient's anatomy using MRI or CT scans of the patient's anatomy, the patient-specific prosthesis components, and the patient-specific guides and templates can be provided by various CAD programs and/or software available, for example, by Materialise USA, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Patient-specific alignment guides and implants are generally configured to match the anatomy of a specific patient. The patient-specific alignment guides are generally formed using computer modeling based on the patient's 3-D anatomic image and have an engagement surface that is made to conformingly contact and match a three-dimensional image/model of the patient's bone surface (with or without cartilage or other soft tissue), by the computer methods discussed above. The patient-specific alignment guides can include custom-made guiding formations, such as, for example, guiding bores or cannulated guiding posts or cannulated guiding extensions or receptacles that can be used for supporting or guiding other instruments, such as drill guides, reamers, cutters, cutting guides and cutting blocks or for inserting pins or other fasteners according to a surgeon-approved pre-operative plan. The patient-specific alignment guides can be used in minimally invasive surgery, and in particular in surgery with multiple minimally-invasive incisions. Various alignment guides and pre-operative planning procedures are disclosed in commonly assigned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/756,057, filed on May 31, 2007; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/211,407, filed Sep. 16, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/971,390, filed on Jan. 9, 2008, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/363,548, filed on Feb. 27, 2006; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/025,414, filed Feb. 4, 2008. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
As disclosed, for example, in above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/756,057, filed on May 31, 2007; in the pre-operative planning stage for a joint replacement or revision procedure, an MRI scan or a series of CT scans of the relevant anatomy of the patient, such as, for example, the entire leg of the joint to be reconstructed, can be performed at a medical facility or doctor's office. The scan data obtained can be sent to a manufacturer. The scan data can be used to construct a three-dimensional image/model of the joint and provide an initial implant fitting and alignment in a computer file form or other computer representation. The initial implant fitting and alignment can be obtained using an alignment method, such as alignment protocols used by individual surgeons.
The outcome of the initial fitting is an initial surgical plan that can be printed or provided in electronic form with corresponding viewing software. The initial surgical plan can be surgeon-specific, when using surgeon-specific alignment protocols. The initial surgical plan, in a computer file form associated with interactive software, can be sent to the surgeon, or other medical practitioner, for review. The surgeon can incrementally manipulate the position of images of implant components in an interactive image of the joint. Additionally, the surgeon can select or modify resection planes, types of implants and orientations of implant insertion. For example, the surgeon may select patient-specific anteversion and abduction angles for acetabular implants, as discussed below. After the surgeon modifies and/or approves the surgical plan, the surgeon can send the final, approved plan to the manufacturer.
After the surgical plan is approved by the surgeon, patient-specific alignment guides can be developed using a CAD program or other imaging software, such as the software provided by Materialise, for example, according to the surgical plan. Computer instructions of tool paths for machining the patient-specific alignment guides can be generated and stored in a tool path data file. The tool path can be provided as input to a CNC mill or other automated machining system, and the alignment guides can be machined from polymer, ceramic, metal or other suitable material, and sterilized. The sterilized alignment guides can be shipped to the surgeon or medical facility, for use during the surgical procedure.
The present teachings provide a patient-specific acetabular guide and associated inserter for inserting an acetabular implant in the acetabulum of a patient's pelvis in a guided orientation at least about first and second non-parallel anatomic axes. Referring to
Referring to
The acetabular guide 100 can be temporarily and removably attached to the pelvis 80 using temporary fasteners 120, such as bone nails or tacks, for example, passing through corresponding holes 104 through the acetabular guide 100. The acetabular guide 100 can be annular with an opening defined by an inner surface 102. The inner surface 102 can be, for example, a cylindrical surface. The inner surface 102 can be oriented relative to the first and second surfaces 108, 110 of the acetabular guide 100 to provide a selected anteversion angle about the first axis A and a selected abduction angle relative to the axis B, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
After the acetabular implant 200 is fully seated in the acetabulum 82 in the selected anteversion and abduction orientations, the inserter 300 and intermediate member 250 can be removed. The temporary fasteners 120 can be removed and the acetabular guide released.
The acetabular guide 100 can be made of any biocompatible material, such as metal, ceramic or polymer. The acetabular guide 100 can be constructed by various manufacturing methods depending of the selected material, including, for example, machining, casting, molding, stereolithography or other layer deposition methods. In one aspect, the acetabular guide 100 can be made of disposable plastic material.
The patient-specific acetabular guide 100 can also be used with a standard (non patient-specific) modular reamer 331 fitted with a patient-specific reamer adapter 360 to ream the acetabulum of the specific patient in pre-planned patient-specific orientations. This allows the acetabular implant 200 to be received in the selected anteversion and abduction orientations, as shown in
The reamer head 350 can be in the form of a hollow cup with a semi-spherical reaming surface 353 bounded by a periphery 351. The reaming surface 353 defines a plurality of reaming formations or reaming teeth 357. A number of arms or rods 342 can be connected to the periphery 351 and form a first component of the quick-connect mechanism 335. The arms 342 can be attached to one another at a central hub 341 forming a frame 343, as shown in
The reamer driver 330 can include a handle or sleeve 332 receiving a driver shaft 334 for coupling to a driver tool at a proximal end (not shown) and having a distal connector 338. The distal connector 338 forms a second component of the quick connect mechanism 335, which is operated with a spring-loaded slider or trigger 336 coupled to the driver shaft 334. The distal connector 338 can include a number of openings or slots 344 and a corresponding number of movable or retractable pins 346. The number of slots 344 corresponds to the number of arms 342 and the slots 344 are sized and shaped to receive the arms 342. Although four arms, slots and pins are illustrated, a smaller or greater number can be used, for example two or three arms, slots and pins that can be evenly positioned radially about the reamer head 350. To connect the reamer driver 330 to the reamer head 350, the slots 344 are placed over the arms 342 with the pins 344 in their retracted position. The pins 344 can be retracted by moving the slider 336 in a direction away from the distal connector 338. When the slider 336 is released, the arms 342 are gripped between the pins 344 and the walls of the slots 344 and the reamer driver 330 is securely connected to the reamer head 350.
Referring to
The reamer adapter 360 can be coupled to the reamer with a quick-connect connection. For example, the reamer adapter 360 can be coupled between the reamer driver 330 and the reamer head 350 with corresponding components of the quick-connect mechanism 335 used for the connecting the reamer driver 330 to the reamer head 350. Referring to
Similarly, the second portion 368 of the reamer adapter 360 can include a quick-connect component complementary to the quick-connect component of the reamer head 350 to complete the quick-connect mechanism 335. More specifically, the second portion 368 can include a number of slots 374 and pin 372 for gripping the arms 342 of the reamer head 350. Accordingly, the same type of quick-connect mechanism 335 that is used to couple the reamer driver 330 to the reamer head 350 can be used to couple the reamer adapter 360 between the reamer driver 330 and the reamer head 350, as illustrated in
Referring to
The exemplary acetabular guide 100 illustrated in
Referring to
Three guiding formations 406 in the form of through holes and a corresponding number of alignment pins 420 are illustrated in
Referring to
Similar patient-specific alignment adapters 470 can be used for guiding other type of inserters or impactors or reamers with reamer driver handles or other instruments, such as, for example, reamers and impactors that can be used during the preparation and implantation procedure. Referring to
As illustrated in
Referring to
In some embodiments, the same alignment adapter can be used for more than one conventional acetabular instrument. For example, the same the alignment adapter 470 (or 470b) can be used optionally either with the inserter/impactor 450 or the impactor 500b, or with an acetabular reamer, such as reamer 331.
It will be appreciated from the above discussion, that although the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide 400 has an engagement surface 408 that is complementary to the acetabular/periacetabular area of the patient, the alignment adapters 470, 470a and 470b may or may not have a patient-specific engagement surface as they are at a distance away from the bone surface during use. Rather, the location and arrangement of the alignment apertures 478 on the arm 474 is patient-specific, such that the corresponding alignment adapter 470, 470a, 470b can be mounted over the plurality of the alignment pins 420 that have been already secured around the acetabulum 82 of the patient using acetabular alignment guide 400.
The acetabular alignment guide 400 and the alignment adapters 470, 470a, 470b can be made of disposable polymeric materials or any other biocompatible materials. The alignment adapters 470, 470a, 470b can be used with acetabular inserters, positioners, reamers, impactors and other instruments used during the acetabular procedure. The acetabular alignment guide 400 and one or more alignment adapters 470 can be provided in a form of a kit with a set of alignment pins 420. Other reusable, non custom instruments can be also included, for example, an inserter, reamer impactor, etc. The kit can include an acetabular implant 200, which can be custom-made or non custom-made, as approved and selected by the surgeon.
Referring to
A reamer 331′ or 331″ can be guided by the alignments pins 420, as shown in
Referring to
In some procedures, the acetabular implant 200 discussed above can be used to articulate with a patient-specific resurfacing or replacement proximal femoral component, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary arrangements of the present teachings. Furthermore, the mixing and matching of features, elements and/or functions between various embodiments is expressly contemplated herein, so that one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate from this disclosure that features, elements and/or functions of one embodiment may be incorporated into another embodiment as appropriate, unless described otherwise above. Moreover, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion, and from the accompanying drawings and claims, that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present teachings as defined in the following claims.
Claims
1.-20. (canceled)
21. A method for inserting an acetabular implant into an acetabulum of a patient, the method comprising:
- engaging a patient-specific side of an acetabular alignment guide to a complementary rim surface and periacetabular area of a pelvis outside the acetabulum of the patient;
- inserting a plurality of alignment pins through corresponding alignment apertures of the acetabular alignment guide and into the periacetabular area of the pelvis outside the acetabulum of the patient;
- removing the acetabular alignment guide without removing the plurality of alignment pins from the periacetabular area of the pelvis of the patient;
- coupling an acetabular instrument to a patient-specific alignment adapter having a plurality of openings located at patient-specific locations, each of the plurality of openings configured to align with one of the plurality of alignment pins; and
- guiding the patient-specific alignment adapter along the plurality of alignment pins to engage the acetabular instrument with the acetabulum.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein engagement of the acetabular instrument with the acetabulum comprises reaming the acetabulum with a reamer.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein guiding the patient-specific alignment adapter along the plurality of alignment pins comprises adjusting arms of the patient-specific alignment adapter to move the plurality of openings to the patient-specific locations.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein adjusting arms of the patient-specific alignment adapter comprises adjusting a position of a pair of parallel arms in a plane.
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising coupling an instrument shaft to the acetabular instrument.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the patient-specific alignment adapter includes a quick-connect coupler for connecting to the instrument shaft.
27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
- slidably attaching a scale to one of the plurality of alignment pins; and
- determining a size of an implant for the acetabulum using the scale.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising attaching an acetabular implant to the acetabulum using an inserter coupled to another patient-specific alignment adapter mounted to at least one of the plurality of alignment pins.
29. A method of preparing an acetabulum of a patient for receiving an acetabular implant, the method comprising:
- positioning a patient-specific acetabular alignment guide against bone adjacent to the acetabulum, the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide including first and second alignment apertures;
- inserting first and second alignment pins through the first and second alignment apertures, respectively;
- coupling a patient-specific alignment adapter to the first and second alignment pins, the patient-specific alignment adapter comprising: first and second arms including first and second openings, respectively, for receiving the first and second alignment pins, respectively; a reaming head supported by the first and second arms; and a quick-connect coupler connected to the reaming head for receiving a drive shaft;
- connecting the drive shaft to the quick-connect coupler; and
- reaming the acetabulum with the reaming head.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein positioning the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide against bone adjacent to the acetabulum comprises locating the first and second alignment apertures at patient-specific locations on an acetabular rim surface of the acetabulum.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein coupling the patient-specific alignment adapter to the first and second alignment pins comprises adjusting a location of the first and second arms relative to each other within a plane to align the first and second openings with the first and second alignment pins.
32. The method of claim 29, wherein reaming the acetabulum with the reaming head comprises transmitting rotational force from the drive shaft to the reaming head through the quick-connect coupler.
33. The method of claim 29, wherein positioning the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide against bone adjacent to the acetabulum comprises:
- positioning a first portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complimentary to an acetabular rim surface of the patient against the acetabular rim surface of the patient, the first portion configured to extend around the entire acetabulum to form an opening through which the acetabulum is accessible; and
- positioning a second portion configured and shaped to be conforming and complementary to a periacetabular area of an acetabulum of the patient against the periacetabular area of the acetabulum of the patient, the second portion configured to extend around the entire periacetabular area of the acetabulum to provide locations for the first and second alignment apertures.
34. The method of claim 33, further comprising shaping the first portion and the second portion of the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide in accordance with a three-dimensional model of the acetabulum of the patient reconstructed pre-operatively from an image scan of the patient.
35. The method of claim 29, further comprising removing the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide from the bone adjacent to the acetabulum before coupling the patient-specific alignment adapter to the first and second alignment pins.
36. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
- removing the patient-specific alignment adapter from the first and second guide pins;
- coupling an inserter to the first and second guide pins with a patient-specific inserter adapter to insert an acetabular implant into the acetabulum;
- removing the inserter from the patient-specific inserter adapter;
- coupling an impactor to the patient-specific inserter adapter; and
- impacting the acetabular implant with the impactor.
37. A method of preparing an acetabulum of a patient for receiving an implant, the method comprising:
- positioning a patient-specific acetabular alignment guide against the acetabulum, the patient-specific acetabular alignment guide including: a closed-loop body configured to three-dimensionally conform and complement the acetabulum of the patient in only one position, the closed-loop body defining an opening to access the acetabulum and an acetabular centering axis; and first and second alignment apertures extending through the closed-loop body outside of the opening;
- inserting first and second alignment pins through the first and second alignment apertures, respectively;
- adjusting a patient-specific alignment adapter to receive the first and second alignment pins, the patient-specific alignment adapter comprising: first and second arms including first and second openings, respectively, the first and second arms rotatable about the acetabular centering axis; a reaming head supported by the first and second arms; and a quick-connect coupler connected to the reaming head for receiving a drive shaft;
- connecting the drive shaft to the quick-connect coupling; and
- reaming the acetabulum with the reaming head.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein adjusting the patient-specific alignment adapter to receive the first and second alignment pins comprises adjusting a location of the first and second arms relative to each other within a plane to align the first and second openings with the first and second alignment pins, respectively.
39. The method of claim 37, wherein reaming the acetabulum with the reaming head comprises transmitting rotational force from the drive shaft to the reaming head through the quick-connect coupler.
40. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
- slidably attaching a scale to at least one of the first and second alignment pins; and
- determining a size of an implant for the acetabulum using the scale.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 5, 2018
Publication Date: Jun 21, 2018
Inventors: John R. White (Winona Lake, IN), Lance Dean Perry (Warsaw, IN), Aaron P. Smith (Warsaw, IN), Jason D. Meridew (Warsaw, IN), Bryan Morrison (Goshen, IN), W. Jason Slone (Silver Lake, IN), Tyler D. Witt (Warsaw, IN), Mark A. Bollinger (Fort Wayne, IN), Robert Metzger (Wakarusa, IN)
Application Number: 15/863,421