Abstract: A semiconductor photoelectric generator, for converting radiation energy from a source, for example, the sun, into electric energy, comprises a matrix of photo electric converters made of a semiconductor material. Each photoelectric converter is doped to form a P-N junction and an isotype junction. Current-collecting conductors are connected to a base region and to an alloy region. An operating surface of the semiconductor photoelectric generator is secured by a translucent adhesive layer to a coating exposed directly to radiation from a radiation source. The coating is composed of optical concentrators which focus the radiation energy in a focal spot and are disposed on the operating surface so that the absorption band of the focussed radiation in the focal spot is located in the base region and is spaced from the P-N junction by a distance not exceeding the diffusion length of the minority carriers in the base region.

Abstract: An interphase level regulator and method for using it are provided for continuously monitoring and controlling the level of tar in a settling or decanter tank where the tar is separated from an aqueous fluid. The interphase level regulator has an interphase tube vertically positioned inside or outside the settler or decanter tank after an initial separation of tar and aqueous fluid from the emulsion of tar and aqueous fluid. The interphase tube contains one or two pneumatic dip tubes that are supplied with air and yield a different pressure when a change occurs in the level of decanted tar in the interphase tube. The difference in pressure at the dip tube is measured and transmitted to a valve that controls the flow of decanted tar from the settler or decanter tank.

Abstract: A valve control mechanism for operating a plurality of valves in a bank of valves which can be selectively operated by interchangeable lever arrangements one of which has a separate lever for each valve and another of which has a single lever for a pair of valves. The bank of valves and the lever arrangements are detachably removable independently of each other to permit easy servicing and selecting of the desired lever arrangement or to change the sequence of valve operation.

Abstract: A press with oppositely acting rams which has the features of maintaining parallel press plattens during operation and also good alignment of the plattens in relation to the central pressure axis. Two closed links are positioned side by side and each link carries a platten support cantilevered into the cavity of the other link and the rams act between the cantilever portion and the link into which it is cantilevered. In one form the links are closed while in the other form the links are C-shaped to provide a gap press.

Abstract: A fresh water tank or sump is positioned with respect to a salt water or seawater supply in a manner such that the level of fresh water in the sump is substantially higher than the highest expected level of the salt water. A salt water supply pipe is connected into the fresh water tank at a point well below the normal level of fresh water in the tank but at a point above the suction of at least one pump adapted to pump water for fighting fire from the tank to a fire fighting water supply system. The seawater supply pipe is equipped with a flap or equivalent valve which is maintained closed by the hydrostatic head of the fresh water which is higher than that of the salt water at said flap valve.

Abstract: A butterfly valve characterized by the addition of fluid purge supply means to prevent leakage.

Abstract: A combined relief valve and lid structure is provided for pre-mix beverage and syrup containers having a tubular body enclosing a relief port in the lid, an annular valve seat surface about the relief port and raised higher than the lid surface and drain ports extending from the valve seat surface down to the lid surface to enhance drainage of the entire internal portion of the valve body. The relief port is closed by a spring biased poppet and has a biasing spring held in place in the top of the tubular body by a one-way detent and retainer clip arrangement which must be destroyed to remove it from the valve body to gain access to the relief valve poppet. The valve cannot be tampered with unless this retainer clip for the valve spring is destroyed. The retainer clip is ported to permit cleaning steam or other fluid to enter the top of the valve and drain off through the drain ports without accumulation of condensate or residual fluid in the valve.

Abstract: Plug cock equipped with a rotating plug, which comprises a cylindrical body pivoting about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and through which passes a conduit for the passage of fluid, which body comprises, at least one of its two axial ends, a portion of sphere; the body of the plug cock according to the invention comprises a side opening, located in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation and to the axis of the conduit, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the cylindrical body of the plug.

Abstract: A drinking water supply and conditioner for vehicles comprises a tank mounted in the luggage compartment of the vehicle and connected with hot and cold water heat exchangers attached to the vehicle engine. Each of the heat exchangers has two distinct vessels therein separated by a heat transmitting wall. The inner vessel of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with a hose carrying hot engine cooling fluid therein, such as a heater or radiator hose, and the inner vessel of the cold water heat exchanger is connected with an air conditioning refrigerant line. A faucet is mounted in the passenger area of the vehicle and includes a valve for controlling liquid flow therethrough. Tubing interconnects the tank with each of the heat exchangers and the faucet, and a pump is connected therewith, whereby during vehicle operation, both cold and hot drinking water are supplied to the faucet under pressure for dispensing therefrom.

Abstract: A vacuum relief and access door assembly, for use on a duct downstream of a fire or control dampers, comprises a frame including a duct facing surface with a seal member thereon, a closure member having side edges in sealing engagement with the seal member, and removable retaining members mounted on the frame and resiliently urging the closure member into sealing engagement with the seal member, yielding to allow the closure member to displace toward the duct to allow air flow thereby for vacuum relief and returning into sealing engagement with the seal member.

Abstract: A load responsive fluid power multiple load control system using load responsive direction and flow control valves in combination with pump control responding to highest system load. Each direction flow control valve is equipped with a load responsive pressure control which automatically regulates valve inlet pressure to maintain a constant low pressure level at the motor exhaust and a load responsive negative load control to control a constant pressure differential at the motor exhaust. The load responsive control of each direction control valve blocks the pump flow to the motor while controlling negative load, providing the motor inlet with fluid from the motor exhaust.

Abstract: A surface controlled subsurface safety valve having a main valve and an equalizing valve. The equalizing valve is opened prior to the opening of the main valve. An extra control pressure force is provided to open the equalizing valve against the resistive force present due to high shut-in formation pressures. On the other hand, the safety valve can close when low subsurface pressure conditions exist at the valve. This abstract is neither intended to define the scope of the invention, which, of course, is measured by the claims, nor is it intended to be limiting in any way.

Abstract: A flexible hose comprising a soft hose main body, first helical rigid reinforcing means embedded partially or wholly in the soft hose main body and having a large cross sectional area, and second helical rigid reinforcing means embedded in the wall of the soft hose main body and having a smaller cross sectional area than the first helical rigid reinforcing means. The combination of the reinforcing means having different cross sectional areas gives the hose sufficient flexibility and strength against flattening and against pressure.

Abstract: A self-piercing needle valve having a body and a shank is adapted for mounting upon a pipe. A valve support plate extends transversely of and is secured to said shank and has a right-angle extension at one end. Said extension along its length on one side has a series of variably spaced parallel wedge-shaped slots corresponding to different pipe diameters. The support plate is adapted to extend transversely of and bear against one side of a pipe. An anchor plate is spaced from and opposed to the support plate and adapted to bear against the opposite side of said pipe. A transverse slot through one end of the anchor plate is adapted to loosely receive said extension upon one side of the pipe, with portions of said anchor plate bounding said slot retainingly nested within one of said notches. A fastener upon the other side of the pipe extends between and interconnects the opposing ends of said plates for drawing the plates together and for gripping the pipe therebetween.

Abstract: In a triaxial weaving machine, a finger engages the weft as it leaves the shed and moves the weft toward the fell to assure that the dents of two reeds, alternately insertable across the shed, will penetrate the shed above the newly inserted weft.

Abstract: Coupling elements molded on connecting threads have projections or fins extending in a direction from the connecting threads toward heels of the elements; the projections are engaged within weft or filler thread loops on the inner edges of woven tapes supporting the coupling elements by the loops extending around the connecting threads. The projections inhibit twisting of the coupling elements.

Abstract: A filling unit without filling pipe has a siphon closure for defining the level of the liquid charge in the bottle being filled. The siphon closure includes a stopper bell projecting into an annular channel for retaining sealing liquid, the stopper bell has in the range above the annular channel apertures in the form of radially and vertically directed slits extending downwardly to the edge of the bell-shaped jacket so that the lower part of the stopper bell has a comb-like configuration.

Abstract: Air is flushed from containers by surrounding the container open tops with a layer of flushing gas and directing a high velocity jet of flushing gas downwardly through the layer into the open top containers.

Abstract: A fuel filling funnel and oil charging means in which a cylindrical receptacle is hingedly connected to the rim of a conical funnel. The receptacle has a closed end provided with an adjustable discharge opening and the opposite end being open to receive a container or cartridge of lubricating oil, said end being adapted to be pivoted upwardly to discharge the oil into the funnel for mixture with liquid fuel such as gasoline which is simultaneously discharged into the funnel. Latch mechanism releasably secures the receptacle in the discharge position for the oil, the purpose being to relieve operator's hands for use to hold the funnel and a fuel nozzle while filling the tank of a two-cycle gasoline engine or the like without manually holding the oil receptacle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device designed for use in surgical procedures requiring the driving of screws into bone. The device provides positive locking screw holding engagement yet permits angular movement of the screw of up to 10.degree. from the axial direction.

Abstract: A bag-like shroud is provided for a garment trolley bar for the purpose of both protecting, and preventing displacement in transit of, hanger-hung garments carried by said trolley bar.

Abstract: An item of protection for all persons carrying a pocketbook, purse, or bag, designed for safety against purse snatchers, thieves, and petty larceny. A pocketbook constructed with a break-away feature throughout the seams of the pocketbook constructed so when a victim is attacked by a purse snatcher or thief, the pocketbook begins to separate at the seams and continues around the perimeter of the pocketbook until the thief lets go or the victim lets go of the pocketbook. The contents of the pocketbook spill to the ground in the open compartment, and stay in the pockets of the enclosed zipper compartments after the purse snatcher's act is completed. The pocketbook is then resealed by picking up the parts and placing them together. The contents are then placed back into the pocketbook and the intended victim goes about her way with no loss of personal possession nor does she receive serious injury from over-the-shoulder models.

Abstract: A reinforced, pneumatic tire and method of manufacture in which the tire body is formed in at least two sections each including a side wall and a plurality of annular bands each including an annular reinforcing belt embedded in an elastomer. The tire sections are assembled in a mold with the annular bands of each section interleaved with the annular bands of another section and the elastomer is cured to form an integral tire body. The tire may be formed of two reinforced sections with the interleaved bands forming the annular tread section of the tires, or as three reinforced sections, including two sections each including a side wall and annular bands and a connecting section including annular bands with reinforcing belts which are interleaved with the annular bands of the other two sections to form a tread section. An annular, elastomeric tread section may be formed separately and bonded around and to the annular bands of the reinforced sections.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire has as a reinforcement for a crown a belt consisting of a plurality of laminated plies whose cords intersect to each other. A coating rubber having a higher modulus is applied to the central zone of the belt which would be subjected to the most of the vertical stresses caused by the inner air pressure when the tire is inflated, and a coating rubber having a lower modulus is applied to the edge zones of the belt. The lower modulus coating rubber has a high elongation and a high tensile strength at break which serve to reduce shearing strains at the edges of the belt. Such coating rubbers having different properties are used in central and edge zones of the belt to match the requirement of the strengths of the belt, thereby increasing the service life of the tire.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a sealant material to be primarily used in pneumatic tires to seal punctures made by external objects, such as nails. The sealant may be a single layer or a laminate of sealant layer and covered layers. The sealant layer contains a material that is at least partially degraded by irradiation or heat in the presence of a peroxide. The laminate may be in sheet or strip form with various cross-sectional shapes. The layers in the laminate comprise rubber compounds, some of which may contain agents which either assist or retard cure by irradiation so that the layers will have different physical characteristics during the manufacture of end products containing the laminate. The laminate may be cured by any known method, either irradiation or thermal, after its assembly into the final product.

Abstract: A vehicle tire combining improved riding comfort, road gripping characteristics and tire tread wear has the conventional radial carcass and tread and an improved annular breaker structure reinforcing the crown portion of the tire. The improved breaker structure has two or more layers of metallic cords disposed at an angle of about 10.degree. to about 35.degree. with the longitudinal direction of the tire. The metallic cords of one layer cross those of the adjacent layer. At least one layer of nylon or similar textile cords which shrink when the tire is heat cured is disposed between the radially outermost layer of metallic cords and the tread. The textile cords are disposed around the circumference of the tire in planes which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tire and at densitities along the lateral edges of the breaker which are at least about 50% higher than the density thereof in the crown zone of the breaker.

Abstract: A unitary, one-piece vane carrier for vertical blinds is disclosed. The unitary carrier includes a carrier body and an elongated spacer link extending from one end of the body, the spacer link and body forming a single, unitary piece. In a disclosed embodiment, a tab is disposed at the distal end of the spacer link and a slotted opening is located in the end of the carrier body opposed to the end from which the spacer link extends. In that embodiment, the tab of one carrier cooperates with the slotted opening of an adjacently positioned carrier to limit the maximum spacing between the two carriers. The spacer link extends from the top of one end of the carrier body while the slotted opening is oppositely located at the top of the other end such that the spacer link of one carrier is slidable through the slotted opening of the adjacent carrier.

Abstract: A composite material consisting of particles of a sintered metal-ceramic, supported in a metal matrix is produced by packing a mold with sintered particles having a larger average particle size than those desired in the final composite and particles of the matrix metal. A controlled quantity of heat is then applied to the mass to bring the temperature of the matrix metal above its melting temperature and above the degradation temperature of the sintered particles. The surfaces of the sintered particles in contact with the metal are degradated by de-sintering, diffusion and solution into the molten metal reducing the size of the particles. The heat source is removed before the particles have been reduced in size to their final desired size so that the mass cools and upon solidification the particles have reached their desired final particle size. In the final composite the remaining particles are surrounded by zones of an alloy of the matrix metal and the dissolved constituents of the sintered particles.

Abstract: A no bake blower for making sand cores.A blow head has a blow plate detachably mounted at the lower end of the blow head and adapted to be moved vertically away from the blow head. The blow head is movable horizontally with respect to the blow plate and in so doing scrapes residual sand off the blow plate.A blow plate cleaning mechanism is carried by the blow head into vertical alignment with the blow plate after the blow head has been horizontally moved. The cleaning mechanism has vertical rods which pass through the blow holes in the blow plate to remove residual sand from them.

Abstract: Thin liners and tubes of special metals and alloys such as tantalum bonded to substrates or mounted in support plates of metallurgically dissimilar metals and alloys such as mild steel by an elastomer such as a silicone or fluoro elastomer. Also a shock absorbent mounting of tubes telescoped into heat exchanger tubes of special metals by elastomer cushions interposed between the tubes.

Abstract: A heating installation, especially for heating a passenger space in a motor vehicle, with at least one heat-exchanger that is adapted to be connected as a heat-absorbing heat-exchanger to a heat source, preferably to the exhaust gas pipe, and can be provided as a heat-emitting heat-exchanger at any desired place in the passenger space; the heat-exchanger is thereby accommodated in a housing and a medium is provided inside of this housing for the heat transfer which has a high heat-storage capacity and continues to transfer heat to the heat-conducting medium over long periods of time even after termination of the heat supply from the heat source or in case the heat source supplies relatively small quantities of heat.

Abstract: A radiator assembly having a plurality of radiator sections, each formed of two mated panels with individual header sections extending through upper and lower apertures therein. The individual header sections are joined to the corresponding header sections of adjoining radiator sections to form a continuous header assembly.

Abstract: A counterflow heat exchanger is described with two sets of heat exchanger passages separated by heat exchanger plates disposed in substantial parallelism within the exchanger and supported so that the passages extend substantially vertically. The heat exchanger may be employed as an air-to-air or as an air-to-water heat exchanger and can be used to remove moisture or pollutants from hot exhaust air by condensation within the exchanger passages. When employed as an air-to-water heat exchanger, the water is sprayed onto the surfaces of the upper ends of one set of passages so that it flows down their length, while air is transmitted into the lower end of the other set of passages and caused to flow upward.

Abstract: A heat exchanger in which water tubes are heated by liquid sodium which minimizes the results of accidental contact between the water and the sodium caused by failure of one or more of the water tubes. A cylindrical protective tube envelopes each water tube and the sodium flows axially in the annular spaces between the protective tubes and the water tubes.

Abstract: A protective grid and structural support for a radiator having opposed tanks and a recessed core includes a grid assembly configured to be disposed within a recess. The grid assembly has a continuous substantially rigid frame and a plurality of outwardly accessible corner mountings rigidly securing the grid assembly to the radiator to minimize distortion and relative movement between the radiator components.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing a liquid-vapor mixture into two or more separate streams or paths involving a hollow vessel having a fluid inlet means; at least two pipe means each of which have one end extending into the vessel, each pipe means being in fluid communication with a different pass of a heat-exchanger system having at least two passes, each pipe means providing a different path for liquid-vapor flow from the hollow vessel; at least one aperture in that part of each of the pipe means extending into the vessel and restrictive means located in the vessel to restrict fluid flow directly into the top openings of the pipe means. In an additional embodiment, each of the pipe means is in fluid communication with a different chemical reaction zone.Improved methods of distributing a liquid-vapor mixture are also disclosed.

Abstract: The process and apparatus for extracting the products of kerogen in situ from an oil shale body by supplying energy selectively to the kerogen by high frequency electric fields in the frequency range between 100 kilohertz and 1000 megahertz at an intensity which heats the kerogen to a temperature range between 250.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. to allow pyrolysis of the kerogen prior to substantial heat transfer to the surrounding mineral portions of the oil shale.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for uniform heating of relatively large blocks of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ using radio frequency (RF) electrical energy that is substantially confined to the volume to be heated and effects dielectric heating of the formations. An important aspect of the disclosure relates to the fact that certain hydrocarbonaceous earth formations, for example raw unheated oil shale, exhibit dielectric absorption characteristics in the radio frequency range. In accordance with the system of the invention, a plurality of conductors are inserted in the formations and bound a particular volume of the formations. The phrase "bounding a particular volume" is intended to mean that the volume is enclosed on at least two sides thereof. Electrical excitation is provided for establishing alternating electric fields in the volume.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is removed from a process gas by passing the process gas through a first fragmented permeable mass of particles containing treated oil shale and including alkaline earth metal oxides at a sufficient temperature to remove sulfur dioxide from the process gas. Gas containing sulfur dioxide from the first fragmented mass is passed through a second fragmented permeable mass of particles containing treated oil shale and including alkaline earth metal oxides. Water in the second fragmented mass combines with alkaline earth metal oxides in the second fragmented mass and sulfur dioxide in the gas from the first fragmented mass with resultant removal of sulfur dioxide from gas from the first fragmented mass.

Abstract: A method of extracting oil from an underground bed of an oil-bearing mineral. The method comprises introducing a plurality of conduits into a first, lower part of the bed. Each conduit is spaced from its neighbors and includes a relatively coarse filter at its lower end and contains a relatively fine filter and a lift pump. A first conduit of the plurality of conduits extends to a depth less than the depth of its neighbors. The pressure in the first conduit is reduced. A solvent for the oil is introduced into those conduits at ambient pressure so that the solvent is drawn towards the first conduit and forms a flow path in the bed as it is drawn to the first conduit. The oil-solvent solution is pumped from the first conduit and the space left in the first area after extraction of the oil is filled with water.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from a heterogeneous subterranean reservoir having strata of widely varying permeability by injecting therein via a well a slug of a micellar solution followed by an aqeuous drive fluid wherein, at some time prior to the injection to all of the slug of the micellar solution, there is injected into the reservoir one or more aqueous solutions of reagents that react in the reservoir to form a plugging material, one of which reagents contains a polyvalent cation. After the plugging material has formed, the well is produced to remove from the reservoir the unreacted reagent containing a polyvalent cation which polyvalent cation would otherwise react with and reduce the efficiency of the subsequently injected micellar solution.

Abstract: A method of producing a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method employs carbon containing material, water and a reaction chamber in a hot subterranean formation. The method steps include:(a) forming an aqueous slurry containing said material in divided, flowable form,(b) passing the slurry into said subterranean formation for chemical interaction of said material at said elevated temperature to form said hydrocarbon, and(c) recovering said hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A soil cultivating implement has a row of working rotors which are supported by a plurality of elongate, resilient rod-like elements that are arranged to afford a grating immediately to the rear of the rotors. The elments are C-shaped with their convex sides extending in the direction of travel, horizontal lower portions that ride on the ground and upper fastening portions, including coils, that are secured to a beam support. The support, together with elements, are interconnected to the frame via pivoted arms that can be vertically adjusted to change the working depths of the rotors. The elements are positioned at varying distances behind the rotors so that their foremost parts define an imaginary sinusoidal line, when viewed in plan.

Abstract: An earthmoving apparatus has first and second traction units and a connecting device for connecting the second traction unit to the first traction unit in rearwardly spaced relationship. A ripper is carried by the connecting device intermediate the traction units. An adjusting device selectively adjusts the positioning of the ripper on the connecting device and includes a jack having a first portion carried by the connecting device and a second selectively extensible portion connected to the ripper for selectively positioning the ripper relative to and independently of the connecting device.

Abstract: Support means for use in connecting a circular harrow to a tractor. The support means allow the harrow to pivot about two perpendicular, generally horizontal, axes thus permitting the harrow to more closely follow the contour of the ground being harrowed.

Abstract: A high density perforating gun having series connected multiple gun housings within which a plurality of jet perforating shaped charges are arranged in spaced apart clusters. The charges of each cluster are captured in radially spaced apart symmetrical relationship within a mounting assembly, and each housing includes a plurality of the mounting assemblies which are spaced vertically apart from one another. The charges contained within each mounting assembly are orientated respective to the charges of the remaining mounting assemblies so that any charge located in one mounting assembly is spaced apart both radially and vertically from the nearest adjacent charge of an adjacent mounting assembly. This arrangement permits a maximum number of shaped charges to be placed within a finite volume. All of the charges contained within one housing are simultaneously detonated.

Abstract: A rock drill bit comprises a bit body and at least one rolling cone cutter mounted on the bit body, the rolling cone cutter comprising a plurality of tungsten carbide inserts including a plurality of gage inserts for drilling adjacent the peripheral wall of the hole being drilled. At least one diamond cutter protrudes from the bit body to provide a cutting edge substantially on the gage diameter of the rock bit so that such a diamond insert can engage the peripheral wall of the hole being drilled, thereby maintaining the hole gage. Each diamond cutter comprises a carbide slug inserted in the bit body and a diamond plate bonded to the slug. Such diamond cutters are on a peripheral portion of the bit body above the cutter cones.

Abstract: A mass produced weight measuring system includes an optical transducer for determining the displacement of a scale load support structure with respect to a scale frame. To facilitate mass fabrication an optical transducer is produced and both gratings adjusted for alignment as a subassembly unit independent of the scale frame and load support structure; the clearance between the grating planes is set and the movable grating temporarily fixed. Nonlinearities in scale load support deflection inherent with the scale linkage and providing components other than true vertical deflection are compensated by adjustment of the grating angle from a horizontal plane.

Abstract: A sealed container for storing a wheeled vehicle has roller supports for the wheels of the vehicle and drive means, e.g. an electric drive, for at least one of the roller supports, the drive means being controlled from outside the container whereby the supported wheel or wheels of the vehicle may be rotated without unsealing the container and removing the vehicle. If the vehicle is left in gear, the engine and vehicle transmission system, together with all the wheels, can be exercised using only one rotatably driven wheel support. Provision is made also for exercising the vehicle suspension by raising and lowering the wheels.

Abstract: An improved wheelchair having electrically powered drive motors in which a battery support tray is secured within an opening in a side frame of the wheelchair. Two batteries can be supported, one on each side frame, whereupon the conventional undercarriage battery support rack may be eliminated. Each side frame of the wheelchair contains a drive motor and battery support tray and forms a self-contained assembly such that left and right hand side assemblies can be joined together by foldable links having any desired length to provide a correspondingly desired seat width.