Abstract: An improved upright open front refrigerated display cabinet having primary and secondary air flow conduits, in which air flow directing means are provided for selectively drawing ambient air into the secondary air band conduit during a defrost cycle and for substantially preventing ambient air from entering the secondary conduit during a refrigeration cycle and for directing the flow of air through the secondary conduit in a first direction during the refrigeration cycle and in a second direction, substantially opposite the first direction, during the defrost cycle. Fans are provided in each of the primary and secondary conduits; the direction of air flow in the primary conduit remains constant at all times, during both refrigeration and defrost cycles.

Abstract: A working fluid such as a liquifiable gas is rotated in a rotor having a thermodynamic compressor, a condenser chamber and an evaporation chamber. The high pressure zone in the condenser chamber is separated from the low pressure zone of the evaporator by a column of liquid. In several embodiments, a forepump is actuated by the thermodynamic compressor in order to vary the thermodynamic operating points of the device.

Abstract: An air conditioning system having an open condenser water circuit, a refrigeration unit, a closed heat exchange water circuit, and shunt circuits interconnecting the two water circuits to bypass the refrigeration unit, is provided with various side stream filtering arrangements for removing contaminants from the common water supply which have been picked up in passing through the cooling tower. One embodiment employs a centrifugal separator connected in shunt with the condenser water pump. Another embodiment employs a mechanical filter in shunt with a bypass line in the heat exchange water circuit with valving for selectively placing the filter in series with the condenser or the cooling coils. The second embodiment can be used in combination with the first embodiment.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a closed cycle gas turbine system employs a precooler for cooling the gas prior to compression. A closed loop coolant circuit for the precooler includes a primary heat exchanger. A secondary heat exchanger is provided which may be employed during periods of peak demand on the turbine system to provide additional cooling for the coolant in the closed loop coolant circuit for the precooler. The secondary heat exchanger may also be employed to transfer heat in the reverse direction during periods of time in which the primary heat exchanger is operating at high effectiveness to provide storage of a fluid at low temperature to enhance operation in the initially described mode. In another embodiment, a similar coolant circuit operates in conjunction with a condenser for a steam power electrical generating facility.

Abstract: A universal joint, with two preferably one-piece joint forks; a crosspiece joins the lugs of each fork; a crosspin at each side of the crosspiece faces a respective fork lug; bearings placed in the passage in each lug that receives a crosspin; the end of each crosspin is tapered narrower in stepped fashion; the roller bearings in each lug passage are correspondingly stepped; the forks are centered by thrust bearings which are preferably at the radially inner side of each fork lug.

Abstract: A centrifugal regulator comprises a casing containing mercury able to be set in motion by a drive shaft and a coupling means pivotally mounted on a hub. Two chambers of lower density than the mercury are pivoted to two spindles which in turn are pivoted to the casing. Support means are provided for supporting the chambers against two arms of the hub and which comprise two rigid knives each having a double edge. Each of these knives bears, on one edge, against a first bearing supported by one of the chambers and, on the other edge, against a second bearing supported by one of the arms. Spring means for biasing the chambers against the casing and sealing means between the hub and the casing are also provided.

Abstract: The wipers of yarn cutting and clamping devices associated with the striping boxes of a circular knitting machine are controlled according to the position of a pivoted cam which is mounted in a member affixed to a rotatable sinker dial and is operable between a wiper actuating position and non-actuating position.

Abstract: A fabric is produced in a stitch-through type machine such as a Malimo machine using the apparatus and method of the invention which has at least two warp yarn design elements laid on a flexible substrate (e.g., a layer of textile filling elements) along rectilinear or non-rectilinear paths and on which a plurality of adjacent design elements are twisted (e.g., symmetrically at 180.degree. per twist) in an aesthetically pleasing configuration at spaced intervals along the warp direction. The design elements are bound to the substrate by knitting thread which forms a multiplicity of warpwise loop chains (e.g., a half-tricot stitch) to secure the substate and design elements against relative displacement and to form thereby an integrated fabric structure.

Abstract: A device for locking skis in a crossed relationship. A pair of elongated, flat ski engageable members are hinged together at adjacent ends for relative movement into and out of operative positions in which the members are longitudinally aligned with each other. A central triangular wedge is mounted rigidly to one of the flat members. An inwardly facing U-shaped channel at the outer end of each of the flat members receives one side edge margin of a respective ski. The other side edge margin of the ski engages and is held against the adjacent side face of the central triangular wedge. A lock plate carried by the triangular wedge is movable into overlapping relationship to the side faces of the wedge to form channels near the zone of hinging to capture the other side edge margins of the ski to thereby secure the skis to the device. The members can be moved out of their operative positions and into side-by-side relationship to make the device sufficiently compact to fit easily into a garment pocket.

Abstract: This device locks the cover of an electric meter box by use of a bolt type lock which prevents access to the screw which fixes the part holding down the cover to a bracket fixed on the body of the box.

Abstract: A production system for correcting distortions in a workpiece within tolerance requirements including for each distortion a gauge for determining direction and magnitude automatically employed to control corrective deflection beyond yield point under a program which increases with gauged distortion. Two specific applications of the system are disclosed for straightening axle shafts relative to a central axis and for straightening distorted caliper and steering arms of an automotive steering knuckle.

Abstract: A plurality of horizontal lower rolls are rotatably mounted in a machine frame. A plurality of nuts are carried by the machine frame and axially retained and rotatable on respective vertical axes, which are horizontally spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of said lower rolls and in a direction which is transverse to said longitudinal direction. A plurality of screws are in threaded engagement with respective ones of said nuts. A plurality of upwardly and downwardly convex spherical bearings are carried by respective ones of said screws above said nuts. An upper yoke assembly comprises an upper yoke member, a plurality of upper rolls rotatably mounted in said upper yoke member and disposed above said upper rolls and defining nips therewith, and a plurality of concave spherical bearings, which are rigid with said upper yoke member and each of which has upwardly and downwardly concave bearing faces respectively disposed below and above one of said convex bearings and engagable therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for forming a pulley having at least two grooves from a cup-shaped metal blank having an axially extending sidewall. The blank is rotated about its longitudinal axis and is crushed between axially closing dies. As the blank is being crushed, a rough forming roll is translated radially into contact with the outer periphery of the cup and applies forming pressure at at least two axially spaced zones. A finish forming roll is radially aligned with the rough forming roll and is translated radially toward the outer periphery of the cup. The rough and finish forming rolls are carried by cam-actuated slide assemblies arranged to move the rough roll into the blank wall in advance of the finish roll in a working operation so as to partially form a pulley groove and to maintain the finish roll in the partially formed groove during an idling operation.

Abstract: A portable pipe grooving apparatus includes a pair of mating rollers mounted upon a frame so as to be radially adjustable with respect to each other. One of the mating rollers is connected to a rotatable shaft which extends rearwardly from the apparatus so as to enable the apparatus to be coupled with a drive means which is removably associable with the shaft for rotating the one roller. The frame further includes a coupling means for detachably connecting the frame to the drive mechanism by projections carried by the drive means slidably engaging within annular socket elements, which socket elements also serve as supporting legs for the frame.

Abstract: A die holder has adjacent to its front end an annular step portion comprising a steep wall and a gradual wall tapered from the steep wall to the front end, the annular step portion being adapted to provide an annular space between the step portion and an inner surface bounding a billet receiving bore in a container when the die holder is inserted in the bore. During indirect extrusion, foreign impurities such as dirt, lubricant, metal oxides, and the like deposited between the bore surface and the billet are trapped and collected in the annular space against entrainment into an extruded product being formed. An annular ring partly defining the steep wall acts as a barrier that prevents the impurities from getting therepast and minimizes skull formation on the bore surface. An annular butt formed by accumulations of the impurities in the annular space and a butt end of the billet are removed from the container by means of a shear.

Abstract: A device for mounting exchangeable flanged sets of expanding elements on a tool for enlarging the ends of pipes. The tool comprises a tool body having an expanding mandrel and a removable cap for retaining the sets of elements on the mandrel. The device comprises a carrier having a plurality of orifices each for the insertion of one set of expanding elements. The carrier is removably mounted on the tool body and the sets of expanding elements are releasably retained in the orifices.

Abstract: An automatic rotary die forging press includes a pair of vertically arranged top and bottom die bolsters each having a polygonal section and rectangular faces corresponding to those of the other bolster. The top die bolster having as a bearing thereof a suspended holder supported in a ram and the bottom die bolster having as a bearing thereof a stationary holder supported in a frame and both supported rotatably. The press further includes a rotary drive mechanism for rotating said top and bottom die bolsters simultaneously, uniformly and intermittently in the same direction.

Abstract: A mechanism for use in crimping and cutting tools and the like includes a resettable drive system which permits the user to selectively increase or decrease the angular opening between the tool handles at any fixed point in the operative stroke of the tool. The handles of the tool may thus be disposed at any desired angular relationship with respect to one another for operation either in close quarters or for more comfortable operation without sacrificing the lever advantage originally designed into the tool.

Abstract: Toggle action hand-setting tool includes special cam surface on toggle parts to intensify setting pressure during the end of closing travel when greatest mechanical advantage is needed. Readily accessible spring means and special mounting means for fastener-part holders are features. Frame may be designed to yield slightly to avoid breakage which might otherwise result if device is used with oversize fabric.

Abstract: A wire drawing die includes a metal casing having flat, parallel front and back sides. A first cylindrical cavity having a bottom wall is formed in the front casing side. A cylindrical metal plug having top and bottom ends is secured in the first casing cavity, the bottom end having a second, concentric cylindrical cavity formed therein. A cylindrical metal blank having opposite ends and a concentric core formed of a synthetic hard, wear-resistant material, such as polycrystalline aggregate of synthetic diamond or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, is closely fitted in the second cavity with one end engaging the bottom thereof and the other end engaging the first casing cavity bottom wall. The top end of the plug and the back side of the casing have concentric countersunk openings therein respectively extending therethrough to the core, and the core has a concentric die opening therethrough communicating between the countersunk openings.

Abstract: A sample of the material to be tested is formed in a disc-shaped specimen and mounted on a spindle inserted in a mounting hole in the specimen. The spindle is rotated about a generally horizontal axis and a single blade cutter is supported above the specimen for dropping on the specimen in cutting engagement therewith. Lifting and dropping is controlled so that there is bouncing of the cutter and repeated engagement of the cutter with the specimen between the lifting and dropping. The diameter of the test specimen is measured before the test and after a predetermined time of the testing. The decrease in diameter is an indication of the cutting and chipping resistance of the material being tested.

Abstract: A detector to be inserted into a flowing conductive fluid, e.g. sodium coolant in a nuclear reactor, comprising at least one exciting coil to receive an a-c signal applied thereto and two detecting coils located in the proximity of the exciting coil. The difference and/or the sum of the output signals of the detecting coils is computed to produce a flow velocity signal and/or a temperature-responsive signal for the fluid. Such flow velocity signal or temperature signal is rectified synchronously by a signal the phase of which is shifted substantially .+-. 90.degree. with respect to the flow velocity signal or temperature signal, thereby enabling the device to detect voids in the flowing fluid without adverse effects from flow velocity variations or flow disturbances occurring in the fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing bottles to determine whether they will withstand internal pressure as from a carbonated beverage, also for detecting flaws in crown of bottle which may result in leaks. Hydraulic pressure is applied internally by hydraulic fluid, usually water. Bottle is filled with low pressure water, then high pressure water is used to apply pressure. Bottle is held between a sealing chuck which contacts and seals crown and a bottom member bearing against bottom of bottle, thus simulating force applied to bottle during filling with beverage and capping. Means are provided to remove air displaced during filling with low pressure water.

Abstract: Disclosed is an instrument wherein the pressure or flow of a fluid in a pipeline is monitored with a voltage proportional thereto being electronically differentiated to determine whether any rate of change of pressure exists, which is often indicative of a leak in the pipeline. If a rate of pressure change of a predetermined extent exists for a predetermined period of time and if a total pressure change exceeds a predetermined value, an output signal can close a valve in the pipeline or can sound an alarm. In addition, in situations where a liquid is involved, a surge develops upon a line break, that is, a large rate of instantaneous pressure drop, and such surge can also be detected and appropriate remedial measures taken. The instrument is also capable of shutting down the pipeline in instances of inordinately low or high pressure conditions.

Abstract: A vein preparation and testing device has a rimmed base forming a shallow basin upstanding from which are a head block and a tail block. In the head block is a removable hollow chuck rotatable about an axis and connected to a liquid reservoir on the base and to a pump. The hollow chuck communicates with a hollow head grip having a tube adapted to lie inside a vein. A fastener holds the vein in place on the tube. In the tail block is a removable tail grip mounted to rotate about the same axis. The tail block is movable along the same axis.

Abstract: A Viscometer includes a casing defining therein a chamber and a rotor mounted in the chamber so as to define with the walls of the chamber a space for receiving the liquid whose viscosity is to be measured. Bearing means is interposed between the casing and the rotor is capable of rotational movement about an axis thereof relative to the casing, and means is operable to monitor the deceleration of the rotor when the rotor is rotating under the action of stored kinetic energy against the viscous drag of said liquid, the monitoring means being responsive to at least two of the three variables time, angular distance travelled by the rotor, and angular speed of the rotor.

Abstract: A method for determining a measurement value proportional to the compression of an internal combustion engine, derived from the starter current, in which the a-c component of the starter current is integrated over the time between successive current minima and the difference between an integration value averaged over an engine cycle and integration values for individual cylinders obtained between succeeding current minima, is added, with the sign reversed, to the integration value for the next-following cylinder.

Abstract: The invention is a single crystal force transducer in which the crystal is simultaneously resonated in two different modes having substantially the same frequency-temperature characteristics and different frequency-force characteristics. The difference in the change between the two resonant frequencies with a force applied to the crystal is therefore a temperature compensated signal indicative of the applied force. In the preferred embodiment the two resonant modes are anharmonic modes having a plurality of antinodes angularly disposed to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to measuring techniques intended to determine the operational characteristics of a road pavement by assessing the braking conditions of transport vehicles. The device comprises a single-axle trailer whose frame is coupled by a tow pole to a towing vehicle. The trailer has only two wheels adapted for rotating on the moving trailer with longitudinal slipping in opposite directions. The device also comprises a recording instrument with a sensitive element which is located between the trailer frame and the free end of the pole and is kinematically linked therewith in such a manner that on the moving trailer the sensitive element is acted upon by a force which is proportional in magnitude to the sum of absolute values of the longitudinal traction forces acting on the wheels and is directed essentially parallel to the forces.

Abstract: The present apparatus shows a device for measuring the total volume displaced by a human body. A tank portion has an enlarged upper opening for an individual to enter the tank therethrough. Thereafter, while the individual is in a sitting position inside of the tank, the enlarged upper opening is closed with the individual's head extending upward into an open ended cylinder. A tall cylinder of equal diameter with the open ended cylinder is connected to a control console which pumps the water level inside of the tank up to a predetermined point inside of the open ended cylinder. Thereafter, if the individual lowers his head below the water level by releasing a seat on which the individual is sitting, an accurate reading of the column of water displaced can be obtained on a manometer and compared with a prior reading before entering the tank.

Abstract: An ion discharge type gas flow meter with an impedance control determining the total discharge current includes a humidity compensation circuit which varies the impedance control to compensate for changes in humidity.

Abstract: A square-wave signal generator circuit for generating a rectangular waveform signal particularly for application to the field coil of an electromagnetic flow meter. A coil excitation current from a direct current source is switched to provide a current flow in alternate directions through the field coil. During the transient time of the coil excitation current following the switching operation, a higher output voltage from the source is used to shorten the current rise and fall times while a lower voltage from the source is used during a steady state time of the excitation current to minimize power losses. A switching circuit using a switching transistor is used to select the higher voltage while a back-biased diode is used to immediately introduce the lower voltage when the excitation current has reached a steady state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasonically operative device operable with an ultrasonic signal having a predetermined wave length for measuring physical quantities such as the flow speed of a medium such as water. The device includes an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver with a tube unit therebetween defining a transmission path for the medium. The tube unit has an internal diameter less than about fifteen times the wavelength of the signal. The tube unit includes an outer metal tube and an inner plastics liner of a plastic such as a polyamide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit for determining the arrival time of an ultrasonic signal. The circuit includes a differentiator for transforming an ultrasonic signal to a substantially linearly increasing signal, and a threshold value detector for transforming the linearly increasing signal to an arrival delay signal. A phase detector in the form of a D-type flip-flop determines the phase position of the arrival delay signal relative to a reference signal. The phase detector generates early signals on early arrival of the delay signal and late signals on late arrival of the delay signal. A regulator integrator is provided between the phase detector and the differentiator for producing an output voltage for altering the delay period of the arrival delay signal responsive to the phase position of the delay signal.

Abstract: A fluid flow meter. It employs measurements related to centrifugal flow of the fluids therethrough. There is a complete loop and means for measuring the differential pressure of the fluid in the loop between the inside and outside of the fluid stream near the middle of the loop. Also there is means for measuring the density of the fluid flowing through the loop. By correlating the results, the rate of fluid flow through the meter may be measured.

Abstract: This invention relates to pulleys or similar parts with a hub, the hub being provided with a tapered bore for assembly to a shaft having a complementally tapered end. The hub is provided with a draw-off arrangement which consists of a flanged nut screwed onto a threaded projection on the end of the shaft and which presses against a shoulder within the hub when attaching the part. When detaching the part the nut flange bears against a radially overhanging axially mounted backstop ring either formed integrally with the hub or by a washer secured to the hub.

Abstract: A system for electromagnetically measuring level, distance or flow rate in connection with molten metal contained in a furnace, mould, channel or the like. Separate coreless single or few-turn transmitter and receiver coils are used, the coils being essentially freely positionable relative to the walls of the furnace etc. At least two signal channels are included for signal processing and for producing counteraction between transmitter and/or receiver signals so as to produce a basic measurement signal that is at least substantially balanced with regard to disturbing and unbalance signals, whereby the small variations of the signals induced in the receiver coil or coils due to changes of the level, distance or flow rate of the molten metal can be accurately detected.

Abstract: The device comprises a float which is guided by a retaining device and cooperates with a switch located adjacent the bottom of a fuel tank and carried by the retaining device. An elastically yieldable device interposed between a support secured to the top wall of the tank and the retaining device biases the latter against the bottom wall of the tank.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the surface temperature of an item in a furnace utilizing radiation detection from the item and from a cooled reference plate. The radiation signals derived from the hot item and the cooled reference plate, both of which are positioned in the furnace, are subtracted to provide an output signal which is representative of the item's surface temperature. The reflectance of the hot item and the cooled reference plate are selected to be approximately equal. The reference plate is maintained at a temperature at which it will emit insignificant radiation. When the reflected radiation from the hot item and the cooled reference plate are equal, the difference in radiation received by radiation detection pyrometers will be the radiation emitted by the hot product. The pyrometer outputs, which are subtracted, will accurately represent the hot steel temperature even for changing furnace conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for sampling powdered material which is moving along with a flow of gas or air through a large pipe. A probe located in the center of the pipe and facing upstream is connected to a smaller conduit leading to a cyclone separator. When a valve on the conduit is opened periodically, a free flow of gas and powdered material goes through the conduit to a cyclone separator. At the bottom of that separator is a sample-collecting container which can be removed periodically to test the accumulated contents. The valve on the conduit is opened and closed by means of air pressure. Prior to opening of that valve, that same air pressure is used to purge the conduit between the valve and the probe of accumulated powdered material.

Abstract: A method for taking and collecting sample material. A sampler is used which consists entirely, or at least at its surface or contact area, of a plastic material which is soluble in water. The sampler, after wetting and hence superficial dissolution, is brought into contact with the surface to be examined. The sample material sticks to the plastic. The sampler is removed and dissolved, whereby the sample material is collected.

Abstract: A pipette having an axially displaceable piston is provided with a transversely displaceable stopping device for limiting the displacement of the piston in accordance with a volumetric scale marked on the stopping device. Operation of the piston and stopping device can be done with one hand.

Abstract: A method of analyzing plastic concrete comprising the steps of measuring a known amount of a plastic concrete sample into an elutriator, removing cement from the sample by passing a known weight of water through the sample, weighing the water and cement and determining the weight of cement in the sample. The method can be extended to determine, inter alia, the weight of cement per unit volume of concrete, the weight of water per unit volume of concrete, the ratio of water to cement in the samples. Apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-invasive method for the measurement of body fat which may be used to measure living objects. A pair of airtight chambers are used to measure the body volume which is determined by the change in pressure resulting from the presence of the body in an enclosed chamber and utilizing Boyle's law. The second chamber in which the object is to be placed may be of known or unknown volume and hence can be adjustable. The fat fraction of the body is computed from the known relationship between body density and fat.

Abstract: A servo amplifier system for an accelerometer includes a torque coil. A torque coil is included in the output circuit of a first amplifier. A position sensor circuit develops a signal corresponding to the position of the coil which is applied to the input circuit of the first amplifier. An element, which may be a resistor, senses the current through to the coil and produces a voltage which is applied to a second amplifier having a low impedance output circuit. The output signal from the second amplifier is fed back to the input circuit of the first amplifier. Means are associated with the second amplifier to comply with the scaling and bandwidth requirements of the system.

Abstract: Linear acceleration responsive apparatus is disclosed wherein a sensing mass is suspended within a housing by torsion hinge means located along a pair of parallel axes in each of two planes perpendicular to an input axis. Separate torsion hinge means in each plane are attached to the mass and the housing by ring assemblies, and are joined by intermediate arms which may serve as flex leads for carrying electric current to a force rebalance winding on the mass.

Abstract: Apparatus for the on-line detection and location of weld flaws wherein the acoustic emissions from a fault are segregated from other acoustic emissions by recognizing those emissions from the weld zone falling within a predetermined band of frequencies and locating the fault by determining the time required for the recognized emissions to travel to two spaced apart predetermined points.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing on the surface of a workpiece free of contact with a source of energy a pulse shaped ultrasonic shock wave comprise the use of laser means. A plurality of strip-shaped equidistantly spaced surface portions of the workpiece are pulsed with coherent light from the laser means in time delayed sequence. The angle of propagation of the ultrasonic wave is determined by the center-to-center distance between the strip-shaped surface portions illuminated with coherent light, the time delay between the light pulses and the velocity of propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the workpiece.

Abstract: A system for resolving a complex acoustic field, resulting when acoustic energy propagates through a duct, into component unit spatial pressure patterns or modes is disclosed. In each disclosed system arrangement, an acoustic filter, which includes one or more annular cavities, circumferentially surrounds the duct through which the acoustic energy propagates and sound is coupled from the duct into one end of each annular filter cavity via a series of openings which exhibit a relatively high acoustic impedance and a relatively high resistance to fluid flow. Each filter cavity is dimensioned such that it is excited into resonance when the circumferential distance between adjacent nodes of a modal component of the pressure pattern within the duct is mathematically related to the velocity of sound within a filter cavity by a predetermined factor.

Abstract: A signal compensator is combined with a second order system, for example, a fluid damped rate gyroscope, which produces a signal in response to the movements of a damped member for providing an output signal which is indicative of the input to the second order system and is unresponsive to variations of the (selected) damping (ratio) of the movable member.