Abstract: A gradient optical fiber has an index of refraction profile according ton.sup.2.sub.(r) =n.sub.0.sup.2 (1-2.DELTA.((r/a).sup..alpha. -A((r/a).sup..alpha. -(r/a).sup.2.alpha.)))and has decreased differences for transit times of different modes.

Abstract: An audio-visual device that combines synchronized programs of narration and music with direct viewing of illuminated 35mm stereoscopic transparencies presented in automatic progression. The device features four innovations in particular: 1. Endless-loop reels in which the stereo mounts themselves serve as the basic "hardware," requiring no belts, discs, frames, drums or cylinders for support, and simplified for expeditious removal and compact storage to solve the many problems of inventory and program change-over. 2. Jam-proof transmission for advancing slides intermittently, comprised of a sprocketed drive wheel and a 4-vane "paddle-wheel," with meshing cogs so spaced and positioned as to remain constantly "in gear," never "out of gear." 3.

Abstract: Two-dimensional figures which are to be represented in three-dimensional images consist of a series of lines or line segments which may be in the form of hand drawings, two-dimensional printed pictures, filament pictures, photographs, projected pictures, computer displays, cathode ray displays, or LED displays, and may be produced on transparent or opaque backings or, in the case of filament pictures, suspended in a suitable frame. A viewing grating is held a distance above the plane of the figure, causing a three-dimensional image to be represented in a plane other than that of the figure.

Abstract: An inverted telephoto lens having a super-wide angle of view is composed of a negative meniscus lens L1 convex to the front as numbered consecutively from front to rear, a biconvex lens L2, a negative meniscus lens L3 convex to the front, a cemented positive doublet of a negative lens L4 and a positive lens L5, a biconvex lens L6, a biconcave lens L7 the rear surface of which has radius of curvature greater than that of the front surface thereof, a positive meniscus lens L8 convex to the rear, and a positive lens L9 arranged in this order. The Abbe dispersion number of the biconvex lens L6 is more than 53 and less than 61. The difference between the Abbe number of the negative lens L4 and that of the positive lens L5 of the doublet is more than 10 and less than 16.

Abstract: An electrically powered remote control rearview mirror for a vehicle in which the mirror is pivotally supported for rotation about either or both of two mutually perpendicular axes, with the pivotal drive forces being exerted through the pivot mechanism and with the drive means for transmitting the pivotal forces automatically declutching in response to efforts to drive the mirror beyond preselected limit positions or in response to manual manipulation of the mirror itself.

Abstract: In a reflective type liquid crystal display comprising a rear support plate carrying segmented reflective electrodes in a predetermined display region, a front transparent support plate carries first and second reflective coatings in a region except the region corresponding to said segmented reflective electrodes, and a transparent electrode is deposited on said front support plate and said second reflective coating. An intermediate layer of insulator material is interposed between said first and second reflective coatings. Said intermediate layer protects the first reflective coating from the influence caused by the chemical reaction between said transparent electrode and said second reflective coating.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell having a chamber for receiving a layer of liquid crystal material which chamber is defined by a pair of plate members joined together adjacent their edges by a substantially continuous glass solder seal characterized by the glass solder seal being provided in the form of one or more glass fibers which are interposed between the plates and fused to form the glass solder seal. To facilitate positioning the one or more glass solder fibers, positioning means are provided on one surface of one of the plates and may be protruberances which are formed either by crystallizing glass solder, or by laser bombardment of the one surface. To facilitate the obtaining of the desired spacing between the plates, each of the glass fibers may have a core which may be either hard glass or a metal such as gold which core is surrounded by a lower melting glass so that during fusion of the fiber, the core remains substantially unmelted.

Abstract: The system herein includes light optic means for generating and displaying a plurality of individual message characters simultaneously with the establishing of said characters at predetermined positions across the surface of a record medium as opposed to the more well known acousto-optic or movable mirror light beam scanning devices or systems.

Abstract: My invention relates to photographing scenes with standard motion picture photographic equipment where multiple views of a subject are photographed while the subject rests on a moving turntable and the stationary camera has its optical axis pointed at the turntable rotation axis or where the subject is stationary and the camera effectively moves in an arc about an axis located between the camera and scene.The surface of the processed film (or other appropriate media) is arrayed in a vertical plane and constrained to move horizontally around a portion of a circle. Film images are scanned by a light source and radially projected in a direction away from a vertical rotation axis. Concentric with the vertical axis are the semi-specular screen of radius R and the scanning projector circle of radius close to R/3. The screen reflects projected light in a horizontal plane and scatters projected light in a vertical plane.

Abstract: A body-mounted support device for a motion picture camera employs a pair of serially connected articulated arm assemblies attached to a body harness and positioned to support a gimbal device. A camera support tube is mounted on the gimbal device and carries a motion picture camera on its upper end, and a battery and, optionally, the camera motor, at its lower end. Pneumatic cushion means associated with the articulated arm assemblies dampen unwanted movements of the motion picture camera. An emergency release mechanism is provided to disconnect the entire device from the body harness. Telescoping parts of the camera support tube permit the camera to be operated from a very low elevation with respect to the floor. The battery carrier at the lower end of the support tube has a portion which may be swung to one side so that gravity may bring the camera support tube into vertical position.

Abstract: A body-mounted support device for a motion picture or television camera employs a pair of articulated arm assemblies attached to a body harness and positioned to support a gimbal device. A camera support tube is mounted on the gimbal device and carries the motion picture or television camera on its upper end, and a battery at its lower end. Pneumatic cushion means associated with the articulated arm assemblies dampen unwanted movements of the motion picture camera. An emergency release mechanism is provided to disconnect the entire device from the body harness. Telescoping parts of the camera support tube permit the camera to be operated from a very low elevation with respect to the floor as well as allowing vertical adjustment of the center of gravity of all of the parts supported upon the gimbal device.

Abstract: A body-mounted support device for a motion picture camera or television camera employs a pair of articulated arm assemblies serially connected and attached to a body harness and positioned to support a gimbal device. A camera support tube is mounted upright to turn on the gimbal device and carries a camera on its upper end, and a battery at its lower end. Two-axis horizontal adjustments are provided for the camera at the top of the support tube. Pneumatic cushion means associated with the articulated arm assemblies dampen unwanted movements of the motion picture camera. Tilt adjustments near a belt portion of the body harness serve to position the camera support tube at the desired position in space in front of the cameraman. Provision is made for right hand or left hand mounting of the arm assemblies. An emergency release mechanism is provided to disconnect the entire device from the body harness.

Abstract: A photographic film projection system includes a plurality of projectors, one of which is an arc lamp projector, and a dissolver instrument whose controlled output power to the arc lamp projector is a phase controlled average a.c. power. The arc lamp projector has a light valve comprising a motor means linearly responsive to average power, for example, a moving iron galvanometer, and a movable means, such as a louvre, positioned between the arc lamp and the film gate.

Abstract: A light responsive circuit adapted to measure natural or ambient light and artificial light such as from an electronic flash device, includes a photocell, a logarithmic compression circuit for generating a first output proportional to the logarithm of the light intensity incident on the photocell, a calculation circuit for adding to or subtracting from the first output an electric quantity, such as voltage, which is determined in accordance with a light unrelated input, for example, a film sensitivity setting, thereby generating a second output as a result of the addition or subtraction, a logarithmic expansion circuit for generating a third output proportional to the anti-logarithm of the second output, and an operating circuit responsive to the third output for controlling or indicating at least one camera exposure factor.

Abstract: An elongated flash lamp assembly which is sequentially advanced through a camera to permit each of the lamps within the assembly to become aligned with the camera's fixed reflector. Several heat-responsive (e.g. fusible) covers are located on the assembly's housing to permit the above advancement only after each cover has become physically deformed by the heat from the respective flash lamp located adjacent thereto. A mechanism for advancing the assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a roll film camera defining a film track, and having a film-advance distance, provision is made for any bend in the film due to the rerouting thereof over a film rerouting roll, to be rendered harmless by disposing the film rerouting roll at a predetermined distance along the film track from a film inlet edge of a film gate of the camera; the predetermined distance is about equal to the film-advance distance, plus one half the difference between the spacing of the film inlet and outlet edges of the film gate.

Abstract: A developer apparatus is provided for developing exposed diazotype copy sheets comprising an applicator roller, means for supplying liquid developer to the applicator roller, a metering blade for wiping excessive liquid from the applicator roller and a pressure blade for pressing a copy sheet against the surface of the applicator roller to transfer liquid from the applicator roller to the copy sheet to develop an image thereon. The metering and pressure blades are arranged for sliding movement between an inoperative position ineffective to develop the copy sheet and an operative position in pressure engagement with the applicator roller for developing the copy sheet. Cam and linkage control means is provided for sequentially moving the blades between the inoperative and operative positions under control of a manually operable actuating means.

Abstract: A processor for developing the encoded output medium of a business machine, wherein the processing rate is greater than the encoding production rate but must proceed uninterrupted once started. The medium, usually a web of paper or other film, is projected into the processor along a guided path to a set of drive rollers. When the web is firmly grasped by the drive rollers, the drive motion is caused to cease. The web continues to be delivered, however. The guided path is established by movable walls which will allow the incoming web to fan-fold by pushing the walls aside. The drive rollers are reactivated and the web separated from the source in a closely spaced time interval, so that the portion captured in the processor may then proceed through to a finished condition uninterrupted.

Abstract: The apparatus has separate original placing stations for producing copies of an original which is bulky, as in the form of a book, and of an original which is in sheet form. In one of these two original placing stations the original remains stationary and is illuminated by a slit illuminating device which is reciprocated, while, in the other original placing station the original is moved and a slit illuminating device remains stationary to effect illumination of the original. Separate slit illuminating devices can be used for the two separate original placing stations, or a common slit illuminating device can be used for the two original placing stations. Even when separate illuminating devices are used, part of the optical system and a photosensitive member are used in common with the two stations.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus includes a blade cleaning system for removing residual material from an imaging surface. The blade is arranged for movement between a first position wherein an edge thereof engages the imaging surface to remove the residual material, and a second position wherein the edge is spaced from the imaging surface. Responsive to a movement of the blade to the second position a device is provided for removing residual material from the blade edge. A supply of lubricating agent is stored in a suitable container arranged above the device for cleaning the blade edge. A dispensing system is responsive to engagement between the blade and the blade edge cleaning device for dispensing a desired amount of lubricating agent onto the blade edge.

Abstract: A buffer device for use in an image forming apparatus wherein a reciprocable member is placed for reciprocating motion through a belt by a rotary member driven by a drive source, the buffer device has at least two displaceable shock-absorbing rotary elements positioned so as not to interfere with the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating member and provided so as to engage with mutually facing portions of the belt, and a braking element for suppressing by friction the displacement of the shock-absorbing rotary elements, the shock given to the reciprocating member by the forward and reverse rotations of the rotary member being absorbed by displacement of the shock-absorbing rotary elements.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing duplex or simplex collated copies from duplex and simplex originals comprising a copier having a duplexing section with two transfer stations separated by a copy-sheet inverter. A document feeding section circulates and recirculates original sheets, one-after-another, for producing sets of copies in page-sequential order. The document feeder is provided with a single hopper for receiving and maintaining the originals in their usual page sequence or order so that no preparation (i.e., special arrangement) of an original is necessary prior or subsequent to copying for making collated copies. The duplexing section requires only a single fuser that is positioned so that the copy sheets pass through both transfer stations before entering the fuser, thus permitting transfer of images under similar conditions in both transfer stations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of making a parallax stereogram, i.e., free vision stereogram, and particularly for the accurate registration of a plurality of film images in order to ensure stereographic reproduction. Each film frame having the image thereon includes marks which are used in a projection printing apparatus to register the image in a desired position. The registration is accomplished by mechanical alignment according to the mark or by optically sensing the mark. A comparator-servo can adjust the film frame to the desired position. After registration each film frame is exposed onto a photosensitive material using a movable line grid. A lenticular screen is superimposed over the developed picture to form the stereoscopic photograph.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for a very precise analyse of fine structures by means of optical filtration. The intensity maxima derived from the radiation energy emitted by a defecteous structure are measured from a definite magnitude of error downward.

Abstract: A heterodyne optical correlator allows a correlation function to be computed for plural portions of a stereo pair of transparencies which is normalized to thus reduce the possibility of false correlation peaks. To obtain the correlation function, a pair of stereo transparencies are illuminated by an intense monochromatic light source producing an image at a common image plane in which a detector array is located. The relative path length, between source and transparencies, is periodically modulated producing at plural locations of the detector array plural alternating current signals representing the correlation between the amplitude transmittances at various corresponding locations on the transparencies for a given relative displacement between the transparencies. To normalize this correlation coefficient a second signal is produced by illuminating only one transparency and a corresponding third signal is produced by illuminating only the other transparency.

Abstract: An optical sighting device consists of a hood with two windows which can transmit radiation within predetermined wavelength ranges to a rotatable reflecting device. The reflecting device receives radiation from one or other of the windows and the hood is rotatable subject to the rotation of the reflecting device. The radiation reflected by the reflecting device is received by two dichroic mirror plates which are suitable for transmitting or reflecting thermal infra-red radiation, visible radiation and near infra-red radiation towards suitable corresponding detectors.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzing system measures or analyzes the colorimetric properties of a test sample at a preselected wavelength or range of wavelengths within the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared regions. The system includes a spectrophotometer provided with a wideband light source, optical devices providing a sample light path and a reference light path, a chopper wheel allowing light to be directed alternately along the sample and reference paths interspersed with dark periods during which no light travels along either path, a dispersion grating for dispersing the light from both paths, a series of neutral density filters for limiting to various degrees the amount of light traversing each path, and a linear array of photodiodes for detecting the dispersed light at different wavelengths.

Abstract: An electro-optical system for determining the polarization state of optical pulses of nanosecond durations such as produced by lasers. This is achieved by using a six element optical polarizer assembly positioned in front of a six element optical detector assembly. The respective outputs of the six detectors are fed in predetermined arrangement to a plurality of operational amplifiers which are adapted to provide the sum/difference of the detector outputs for providing the Stokes parameters of an optical pulse incident thereto.

Abstract: A laser measuring system for industrial inspection having a laser producing a narrow beam of coherent light which is focused by telescope onto an article. The focused beam of light from the telescope is directed by a scanning means across the article at a known rate. The light reflected from the article is focused by an imaging lens offset from the scanning means onto an optical grating which is provided with alternate transparent and opaque bars. The collected light which passes through the transparent bars of the optical grating is sensed by a photomultiplier detector. A processor which sees the output of the photomultiplier detector determines the time interval between selected points of the output signal of the photomultiplier detector. As the scanning beam moves across the article it causes the laser spot observed by the photomultiplier to traverse the surface faster or slower depending on whether the scanning is proceeding up a portion of the surface of the article or down, respectively.

Abstract: A system involving a pair of oppositely disposed sight glass units wherein each unit includes an inner glass and an outer glass. One application of these sight glasses is in continuous vulcanization of multiconductor cables in a saturated steam atmosphere. The cable is steam wiped prior to its travel through a chamber between the sight glass units to remove accumulated condensation therefrom. Since the inner surfaces of the glasses of each sight glass unit may be clouded or dirty, wiping means is provided for each wet-side surface to provide and maintain clear and unobstructed viewing to permit scanning of the cable as it passes through the chamber between the sight glass units, and means for sealing the glasses in the units.

Abstract: A scale assembly is provided with a scale which has a predetermined scale increment. The scale assembly consists of a plurality of scale sections, each of which is provided with a length portion of said scale and which are separated by joints having in the longitudinal direction of said scale a width that is smaller than a predetermined width. A measuring slide is movable along said scale and carries first and second photoelectric sensor means, which are spaced apart along said scale by a distance which exceeds said predetermined width. Each of said sensor means are adapted to be enabled and when enabled are adapted to photoelectrically scan said scale and to deliver a predetermined number of length signals in response to the movement of said slide along said scale to the extent of each of said increments. Integrating means are provided for integrating each of said length signals from each of said sensor means which are enabled.

Abstract: A machinery skid unit comprising a machinery skid frame including a plurality of longitudinal frame members, cross-members mounted thereon and extending outwardly therefrom and a plurality of members secured to said longitudinal frame members in a horizontal plane below the cross-members. The machinery skid unit further comprises a plurality of engines, a plurality of positive displacement type pumps, a recirculating mixing system, a supply pump, and a recirculating pump.

Abstract: An improved pivot joint has a rotatable and tiltable stud. A rotational preload force is applied to the stud by a bearing which is circumferentially stressed in tension to apply a clamping force to the stud. This clamping force resists rotation of the stud relative to a housing until a predetermined minimum rotational force is applied to the stud. A tilting or sidewise preload force is applied to the stud by a resiliently compressible bushing which is disposed between the bearing and the housing. Since the tilting preload force is applied to the stud by the bushing, the bearing can be designed to provide an optimum rotational preload force without regard to tilting preload force design considerations. Similarly, the bushing can be designed to provide optimum tilting preload forces without regard to design considerations influenced by the rotational preload forces.

Abstract: A strip-form connector for spaced metal parts such as aluminium plates or components of windows or doors, is devised so as to perform an insulating or non-cold-bridge as well as fastening function. Basically it is made up of a hollow elongate body of plastics material with a more rigid fastening strip which is driven into the body so as to enlarge it into gripping engagement with the metal parts.

Abstract: A device for mounting a windscreen wiper blade on a pivotal arm, of the type in which one of the two parts comprises a projecting pin adapted to cooperate with a bore of the other part. Said pin is provided with locking means adapted to cooperate with the end of said bore opposed to the end through which said pin is introduced.

Abstract: A visible traffic controller permitting one-way and preventing wrong-way flow of vehicle traffic, and including a safety feature for the prevention of serious bodily injury to persons who might accidentally encounter the same, and comprising retractile barrier blades operated to functional position by noninjurious levers raised by soft spring action to be encountered by a vehicle tire in both the one-way and wrong-way directions of flow, and operable by a vehicle moving in the later direction to damage its tires.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method and apparatus whereby, when a thoroughfare is to be resurfaced, the covers for the openings that extend downwardly beneath such thoroughfares may be raised to a level corresponding to the raised level of the resurfaced thoroughfare. Such raising is accomplished without the need for digging up the framework that supported the cover.

Abstract: A platform comprises a base structure designed to rest on the bottom of the sea for supporting an industrial or scientific installation above the surface of the water. The base structure comprises a floatable device capable of keeping afloat and means for ballasting the base structure to install the structure on the bottom of the sea. The base structure also includes a shaft in which a hollow element with a water-tight peripheral wall and a water-tight lower end wall, can slide vertically. The element can be temporarily fixed to the shaft. The element forms a float capable of supporting a deck which carries the installations, but is capable of being immersed over at least the greater part of its height. The deck is capable of floating until it is over the top of the element when the element is immersed and has means for fixing it to the top of the element.

Abstract: An oscillating structure for exploration at sea features a column which rests on a heavy base resting on the sea bottom, and which supports a platform above sea level. The column is connected to the base by an articulated joint which allows it to oscillate in all directions under action of swell, the articulated joint comprising two base plates cooperating with the substantially flat and parallel surfaces of the bottom of the column and the upper surface of the base respectively, two supports fixed on each of the plates and parallel one to the other, bearings, formed of two half bearings which can be dismantled, fixed to the ends of the said supports, the bearings of the supports fixed to the same base plate being in alignment, and a cross shaped member, whose branches are located in different planes, extending between the bearings.

Abstract: After wet-drilling a hole until a bearing strata is reached, a mandrel with a removable overboot is lowered into the hole and the overboot is seated by a few hammer blows. The mandrel is than partly filled with thick concrete from its top, the top of the mandrel sealed, air-pressurized and a mechanical lifting force is applied. The pressure of the air within the mandrel plus the weight of the concrete forces off the overboot, and also forces the thick concrete against the sides of the hole, and the concrete forms a seal between the sides of the hole and the mandrel. The air pressure also helps lift the mandrel out of the hole.

Abstract: A method of rock reinforcement comprising drilling a hole into the rock mass, inserting a length of flexible rope lengthwise into the drillhole and injecting a fluent hardenable grouting material into the space between the rope and the drillhole wall. In the preferred method the rope is inserted by attaching one end to a piston element and injecting the grouting material against the piston element.

Abstract: A rock bolting apparatus is shown in which a rock drill and a rock bolt setting device are interchangeable on the same elongated guide of a feed beam. When the rock drill is in operative position on the feed beam, the bolt setting device hangs on the side of the feed beam and vice versa.

Abstract: A solution of an oxygenated polyamine, which is the reaction product of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin, has been discovered to possess excellent stabilization properties when used as a treatment for stabilizing a clay containing formation, for example in the treatment of oil and gas producing boreholes which penetrate clay containing formations. Preferred copolymers of this type which are useful in clay formation treatments include those having epichlorohydrin to dimethylamine mole ratios in the range of from about 0.79 to about 0.93.

Abstract: A tool shaft is detachably fastened in a tool holder by means of a plurality of gaskets which are each sandwiched between a pair of press rings. The tool shaft extends through the press rings and gaskets. A screw is provided for compressing the gaskets between the press rings. The gaskets are disposed in recesses of larger volume. The gaskets are nonsymmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the tool shaft. When compressed, the gaskets force the tool shaft laterally against the rings to prevent radial misalignment of the tool shaft.

Abstract: A miter box and frame doweling drill jig apparatus utilizes a miter box having the two side walls thereof chamfered at a 45 degree angle relative to the base portion thereof. A plate having a plurality of drill fit aligning holes is removeably affixed at various locations on the chamfered ends of the side walls. A mitered work piece clamped to either side wall may be drilled, utilizing a drill bit aligned in selected holes thereby permitting work pieces to be easily assembled into a picture frame employing dowels therefor.

Abstract: A mobile chair lift for raising wheelchairs from ground level to a level such as to enable rolling the wheelchair onto a porch or other flat surface providing for entrance to a home or place of business wherein there is a base frame, a platform, legs mounting the platform on the base frame, kinematic linkage for raising and lowering the platform and maintaining it horizontal during such movement, a reversible motor for actuating the linkage and switches mounted on the platform and on the base frame for controlling operation of the motor. The platform has downwardly-open channels at its opposite longitudinal sides for receiving the legs at ground level and there is a ramp transversely of the forward end of the platform for raising the wheels from the ground onto the platform.

Abstract: In a method of operating a pump turbine, compressed air is supplied into a runner chamber of the turbine and a leakage drain valve is opened of a guide vane at the time of starting the pump turbine to force downwardly the level of the water in the runner chamber and to rotate a runner of the pump turbine in air, the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted when the rotating speed of the runner reaches a rated speed for the pump operation, thus filling the runner chamber with water. The water containing a large quantity of dissolved oxygen and contained near the periphery of the runner is drained into a spillway through a pipe for draining water leakage through the guide vanes, priming pressure in the runner chamber is detected and a leakage drain valve in the drain pipe is closed after a predetermined time from the detection of the priming pressure.

Abstract: A turbine assembly is described comprising a casing, a rotor assembly disposed radially inwardly of the casing and adapted to discharge high velocity jets of liquid coolant toward the casing and a rotatable annular ring disposed intermediate the casing and rotor assembly. The ring includes a trough assembly so composed and arranged that liquid coolant impinging thereon is contained therein as a film and the ring rotates in response to such impingement. The ring speed is significantly less than the rotor speed such that erosion of the casing by the coolant is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A centrifugal fan provided with dampers is driven by a motor having a speed control circuit. Air flow from the centrifugal fan is controlled from a point of maximum air flow to a predetermined crossover speed only by changing the velocity of the fan impeller with subsequent air flow control at air flow rates below said crossover speed being attained only by adjustment of the fan dampers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a unitary vacuum transducer or pump capable of obtaining a high degree of vacuum using standard shop compressed air fed to a single inlet in the transducer from a single source of compressed air, each venturi tube having compressed air supply means associated with said inlet and terminating in a jet-producing nozzle. The transducer comprises two or more venturi tubes arranged in series with the entrance section of one venturi tube being connected to the exit section of another smaller venturi tube the entrance section of which is connected to the exit section of a yet smaller venturi tube or to the orifice of a vessel containing air or other gas to be rarefied.