Abstract: A fixed stroke pipette having a measuring piston that controls the volume of liquid aspirated into the pipette reservoir and a larger piston that assures the expulsion of all the aspirated liquid during a discharge stroke. An improved piston arrangement provides a fixed seal for the air chamber in which the measuring piston moves and a separate air passageway to that air chamber, controlled by a spring biased check valve, through which compressed air is delivered to the pipette reservoir during a discharge stroke.

Abstract: An electronic guidance system for a push drill that is remotely guided by the operator. The system functions to maintain continual indication as to the attitude of the drilling apparatus, i.e., pitch, roll and distance to rock formations overlying or underlying the drilled stratum, with such indication being made available to the remote operator so that he can control the progression of the drilling apparatus. The drilling apparatus utilizes an instrument package adjacent the drilling mechanism which samples pitch and roll data through accelerometer output, and which monitors the distance of the drill head from adjacent rock formations by means of gamma ray count.

Abstract: A method for determining the spinning or slipping of the wheels in propulsion vehicles without dead axles, particularly railroad vehicles in which: the highest and the lowest wheel velocity of the measured wheel velocities of all axles is determined; the highest wheel velocity is selected in the presence of a braking command, and otherwise, the lowest wheel velocity is selected; a simulated car velocity is determined from the selected wheel velocity taking accelerating or decelerating influence variables into consideration; and the simulated car velocity is compared with the measured wheel velocities and the differences that result are converted into signals for influencing the drive or the braking device of the respective axle.

Abstract: A method of and device for ultrasonically checking a workpiece while employing an electrodynamic sound converter including a checking head and a coil adapted to be energized to create a magnetic field, according to which during the checking operation the workpiece in a continuous movement relatively is passed by the testing or checking head of the electrodynamic sound converter. The coil for generating the magnetic field is energized by an alternating current or an intermittent or alternating direct current. Furthermore, the electrodynamic sound converter in conformity with the intensity of the magnetization of the coil is switched on and off in such a way that a sound converter is switched on when the magnetization has reached a predetermined value, and is switched off as soon as the magnetization drops below another predetermined value.

Abstract: A flaw growth correlator for monitoring flaw growth potential in a structural body. The correlator providing a major increase in the sensitivity of flaw growth when compared to current designs of constant thickness crack gauges.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for testing and matching a pair of cross-country skis. The apparatus measures the weight of the potential user and compares this weight with the force required to bring each ski of a pair to a degree of flatness required to obtain satisfactory gripping area on the ski. The apparatus also provides an arrangement for identifying the extent of the gripping area and distinguishes the same from the sliding areas of the skis so that they may be readily identified for the application of various waxes thereto with different skiing conditions.

Abstract: In a transmission control system for a multiple speed ratio powershift transmission having a plurality of fluid pressure operated clutches adapted to establish torque ratio changes and also including an electronic speed sensing system and downshift valve means for automatically shifting the transmission from a higher speed ratio to a lower speed ratio at a first predetermined vehicle ground speed, the addition of a downshift inhibitor or delay circuit for prohibiting downshifts from the higher speed ratio to the lower speed ratio while the vehicle undergoes a full throttle directional reversal.

Abstract: A coupling for the vibration-damping transmission of torques, comprising an inner coupling member, which is provided with a substantially radial flange, and an annular outer coupling member, which surrounds the inner coupling member substantially concentrically. An annular toroidal compression cushion of elastomeric material, which is U-shaped in longitudinal section is connected to the outer coupling member along its outer edge and to the flange of the inner coupling member along its inner edge. An annular chamber is defined inside the compression cushion. A plurality of non-extensible ropes, which are each connected to the outer and to the inner coupling members, in uniform distribution along the periphery of the coupling members, are arranged substantially in longitudinal planes around the annular toroidal compression cushion.

Abstract: A dressing apparatus for drill bits such as employed in well drilling operations including a horizontally reciprocating hammer having a die mounted on the end thereof which is relatively narrow in relation to the face of the drilling bit to be dressed. The hammer and die associated therewith are reciprocally guided and the die is provided with teeth on the end thereof to form ridges and grooves in a predetermined pattern on the face of the drilling bit. The drilling bit is supported in a cradle structure which enables the face of the drilling bit to be moved laterally in relation to the die to enable the die to be engaged with the drilling face from one lateral edge to the other.

Abstract: A coolant system for a machine tool is disclosed. Sockets on the machine tool are equipped with check valves biased to a closed position. When a tool is inserted into a socket, an actuating member opens the check valve to enable coolant to flow through a conduit in the tool to the cutting edge of the tool. Tools whose cutting edges do not require coolant are not equipped with the actuating member. In addition, a distributor is provided for use in the coolant system of a machine tool having a turret. The distributor is mounted on the turret and is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the turret. Coolant is piped into the center of a distributing member having an outlet on a cylindrical side surface. A receiving member has a cylindrical chamber in which the distributing member is rotatably disposed. The receiving member has a plurality of radially disposed passages which lead from the receiving member to the tool receiving sockets on the turret.

Abstract: A cartridge for tool holders on production lathes, to be permanently set up for use as required and removable for subsequent replacement in exact position at the same station of a turret for which setup was initially made, and comprised of an adapter and a setup arm comprising a cantilevered extension of the top face of the lathe turret at the index station where it is to be reused and positioned by said top face and the side face of the turret and along which faces the adapter is initially adjustable to be fixed transversely of the turning axis.

Abstract: The present application discloses a die cutter assembly which includes in combination a plurality of flat wood layers which support a steel rule die for cutting paper such as cardboard and like material. Metal hinge members are secured to opposed sides of the flat wood layers and each hinge member has a portion which overhangs the wood layers. A pivot member extends from each overhanging portion. A cover is provided which is capable of moving between a closed and an open position and this cover member comprises a flat surface which is adapted to engage the steel rule die for cutting paper interposed between the steel rule die and the flat surface of the cover member. The cover member has four downturned edges to fit around the top edge of the wood layers in the closed position of the cover member.

Abstract: A workpiece supporting apparatus provides precise linear movement of an irregularly edged workpiece past the high speed cutting member of a power tool to produce a trimmed straight edge on the workpiece. A spacer, havng an enlongated keying member mating with a precision miter groove of the power tool, includes a precision miter groove oriented parallel to the miter groove of the tool and closer to the high speed cutting member. Securing means maintains the spacer rigidly but removably fixed to the power tool. The supporting apparatus includes an elongated keying member cooperating with the precision miter groove or guide member of the spacer to guide the workpiece past the cutting member. The elongated keying member has first and second workpiece engaging assemblies which may be adjustably positioned along the axis of the elongated keying member to accommodate various length workpieces.

Abstract: A machine for the cold sawing of workpieces, particularly those made of metal, in which a vertical feed of a circular vertical saw blade is guided vertically by gliding elements adhering laterally to the saw blade. The gliding elements are guided movably relative to the saw blade of a drive for the blade, parallel to the plane of the saw blade. The gliding elements may be located above the workpieces, and they may be fastened by carrier to vertical or inclined straight guides. These gliding elements, furthermore, may be fastened to guides with a curved guide track. The guides may be fastened to stands guiding the transmission housing, and the gliding elements contacting the front side of the saw blade, may be connected to each other by a carrier which, on its underside, has the form of a lower section of the saw blade and covers the lower soft blade section.

Abstract: A device for producing a chorus effect in an electronic musical instrument. An electronic delay circuit and a non-modulating amplifier means are coupled in parallel and the outputs are mixed in a mixing amplifier. A carrier oscillator is coupled to the delay circuit for controlling the time delay of the delay circuit according to the frequency of its output, and normally oscillates at a relatively high frequency in the range of 80-100 KHz. A modulation signal generator is coupled to the carrier oscillator for frequency modulating the carrier oscillator toward lower oscillating frequencies, and a control signal generator is coupled between the input to the delay circuit and the modulation signal generator for detecting the musical tone signal input to the delay circuit and producing a control signal only when a musical tone signal input is detected.

Abstract: A foot pedal of a console type musical instrument is provided with a lift attachable to the pedal to raise its effective height for the benefit of small people such as children. The lift is a member to be placed on top of the foot block of the pedal and is attached to the pedal by a U-shaped bracket which passes beneath the pedal and has sides which extend upwardly to a position of attachment to the lift. Provision is made for tensioning the sides of the bracket which may be done by a camming surface on the lift or by bowing the bracket sides. Provision is also made for preventing twisting of the lift on the pedal.

Abstract: An improved sealing projectile for use in a borehole perforating tool of a type wherein there is an explosive charge such as one or more shaped charge units disposed in each of a plurality of chambers that are located one above the other, with a partition means between each two adjacent chambers and sealingly isolating the adjacent chambers but for a passageway in the partition means through which ignition wires are passed, with a sealing projectile driven into sealing relation with the lower end portion of the passageway upon detonation of the explosive charge in the lower one of the adjacent chambers.

Abstract: A launching tube accommodates sonobuoys of differing lengths for individually launching the sonobuoys. Compressed gas modules located between the sonobuoys are individually activated by electrical signals to expel respective sonobuoys from the launching tube. Electrical contacts on the modules engage electrically conducting guides on the inner surface of the launching tube whereby the electrical signals are communicated individually to respective ones of the modules.

Abstract: A rocket engagement mechanism that will enable a gunner to pre-aim and then emotely fire the rocket while the gunner is hidden. The gunner is physically separated from the noise and smoke resulting from firing a rocket thus giving the gunner a better chance to escape the resulting return fire. The mechanism can also be used as a booby trap device that can be left by retreating troops to harass and slow the enemy advance. A cap is attached over the firing mechanism of the rocket launcher and has a piston squib positioned to press the launcher firing mechanism when the squib receives an electrical signal.

Abstract: A liquid propellant modular gun has a slim profile and is constructed for wide latitude in gun cluster configuration.The modular gun has a stationary barrel and is externally driven and cam operated by a drive cam and a control cam.The drive cam has one internal spiral cam track for driving the bolt forward to a projectile firing position and another internal spiral cam track for driving the bolt rearward to a projectile loading position.The control cam is mounted for rotation at the forward end of the drive cam and controls the injection of liquid propellant into the combustion chamber and an electrical igniter.A water injection mechanism is also associated with the control cam for injecting a small amount of water into the combustion chamber after the firing of each round to cool the combustion chamber structure by internal water cooling. The water injection mechanism is also effective to purge propellant from the combustion chamber in the event of a misfire.

Abstract: A liquid propellant modular gun has a slim profile and is constructed for wide latitude in gun cluster configuration.The modular gun has a stationary barrel and is externally driven and cam operated by a drive cam and a control cam.The drive cam has one internal spiral cam track for driving the bolt forward to a projectile firing position and another internal spiral cam track for driving the bolt rearward to a projectile loading position.The control cam is mounted for rotation at the forward end of the drive cam and controls the injection of liquid propellant into the combustion chamber and an electrical igniter.A water injection mechanism is also associated with the control cam for injecting a small amount of water into the combustion chamber after the firing of each round to cool the combustion chamber structure by internal water cooling. The water injection mechanism is also effective to purge propellant from the combustion chamber in the event of a misfire.

Abstract: A machine for simultaneously milling several grooves in rotating workpieces by means of a rotating one-toothed milling tool, whereby the rotational speeds of the milling tool and workpiece stand in a ratio determined by the number of grooves, and whereby the milling tool in the longitudinal direction from the free end of the workpiece--freely-cutting--is plunged in the workpiece which is advanced in the longitudinal movement. The tool carrier is pivotable about an axis lying perpendicularly to the rotational axis of the workpiece such that the rotational plane of the cutter tool is able to be brought in an acute angle relative to the rotational axis of the workpiece.

Abstract: An improved control apparatus is utilized in a vehicle which has a single pump for supplying fluid to effect turning movement of steerable wheels and operation of an auxiliary apparatus. The control apparatus includes a housing in which a piston is movable in a cylinder under the influence of fluid pressure to effect turning movement of the steerable wheels. A valve assembly is disposed in the same housing. The valve assembly is operable between an unactuated condition in which fluid flow from a pump is directed to the auxiliary apparatus and either one of two actuated conditions in which fluid flow from the pump is directed to an end portion of the cylinder to effect movement of the piston and turning of the vehicle wheels. The valve assembly includes a rotatable sleeve member which is disposed in the valve chamber and defines a plurality of ports disposed in a circular array.

Abstract: An improved sealing structure for a pressure fluid cylinder of the type comprising a cylinder, a longitudinal slot in the cylinder, and a driver attached to a piston movable in the cylinder, the driver extending through the slot. The sealing structure includes a strip positioned to overlie the slot in the sealing relation, the strip extending into sealing contact with the inside surface of the cylinder on opposite sides of the slot. That inside surface area of the cylinder which the strip overlies in sealing relation is provided with a cross-sectional radius greater than the cross-sectional radius of that cylinder surface area not in contact with the strip. Preferably the strip is chamfered on its inside surface toward its edges so that the height of the opposed strip edges is no greater than 0.1 mm.

Abstract: A cabin pressure control system uses two identical controllers which serve, on alternate flights, as primary controller while the other serves as standby. Identical circuitry on the units cooperate if both controllers attempt to control cabin pressure together, or if neither assumes control, to place one of the units in control of cabin pressure.

Abstract: A cabin pressure control system has two independent controllers, one of which is the primary controller and the other the standby controller taking control in case of primary controller malfunction. The controllers switch roles automatically each flight. An annunciating system indicates the identity of the primary controller on the previous flight and maintains the designation in case of malfunction so that a defective unit may be readily identified.

Abstract: A cabin pressure control system has two independent controllers, one of which is used as primary controller while the other serves as standby. On alternate flights the identity of primary and standby controller are switched so that both controllers will be regularly utilized.

Abstract: An aircraft cabin pressure control system regulates cabin pressure as a function of outside ambient pressure in accordance with the equation ##EQU1## WHERE K.sub.1, K.sub.2 and K.sub.3 are constants, P.sub.a is atmospheric pressure, and P.sub.c is the desired value of regulated cabin pressure.

Abstract: An excessive rate of change of cabin pressure detection system used in conjunction with a cabin pressure controller monitors changes in cabin pressure. Whenever the rate of change of cabin pressure exceeds a preselected level, an output is produced which may provide a sensory warning. In a dual controller system, the signal is utilized to switch control of cabin pressure to the standby controller.

Abstract: In a cabin pressure control system utilizing dual controllers, one of which is in primary control of cabin pressure and the other of which is standby, external pressure and cabin pressure are monitored. If the difference exceeds a predetermined safe value, the rate of change of cabin pressure is incremented based on the excess. Also, switching of control from the primary to secondary controller, as would occur upon malfunction, is prevented.

Abstract: In a cabin pressure control system having primary and standby controllers, control is switched from the primary to standby upon occurrence of a malfunction which prevents the primary controller from maintaining pressurization properly. If failure is a result of insufficient inflow of pressurized air of excessive leakage, transfer is prevented and the problem is annunciated to the crew.

Abstract: An indoor gun firing range enclosure with a ventilation system for removing particulate matter, such as lead or other heavy metals, and unburned gunpowder, plus gaseous contaminants such as carbon monoxide, from the atmosphere within the enclosure to make the atmosphere within the enclosure safer for persons using the firing range.In addition, a method of ventilating the indoor firing range enclosure for the same purpose.Both the ventilation system and method of ventilating contemplate removing a portion of the air from within the enclosure and after removing particulate matter from this air, exhausting it to the out-of-doors. Concurrently, another portion of the air is removed from the interior of the enclosure for recirculation into the enclosure after particulate matter is removed from it. Out-of-doors air is also mixed with the recirculated portion of the air to make up for some of the air exhausted from the enclosure to the out-of-doors.

Abstract: A wine fermentation tank includes a generally cylindrical outer tank with a top opening through which crushed grapes may be added to the tank. The bottom of the tank has a frusto-conical shape with a door and a fluid discharge tube at the lower apex of the tank bottom. A concentric screen fits within the tank to retain the crushed grapes and define a narrow annular space between the tank and screen. Juice from the grapes passes through the screen and then through openings in the outer tank wall for collection. A screen is also positioned over the bottom door. The tank wall openings are sized to insure even flow of juice from the tank through various outlets.

Abstract: A novel shotgun wad is disclosed for use in a practice cartridge which includes a conventional tubular casing having a closed end and an open opposite end, the wad having a first cup portion facing a detonable primer charge at the closed end of the casing, and having a second cup portion facing the open end of the casing and defining a rounded aerodynamic flight end. Upon detonation of the primer charge, the wad is projected outwardly from the casing with the rounded flight end thereof facilitating a truer flight trajectory than obtainable without the rounded end.

Abstract: A projectile adapted to be fired at supersonic velocity from a gun barrel includes a tubular body of substantially circular cross-section having a leading inlet end and a trailing exit end and a central passageway extending therethrough. The leading end of the body is of a shape such that the internal diameter of the central passageway decreases from the leading inlet end to a throat region. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the passageway in the throat region (A.sub.t) to the cross-sectional area of the passageway at the leading inlet end (A.sub.i) is sufficiently large and is so related to the projectile velocity at launch as to enable a normal shock wave to pass through the throat region to establish supersonic flow in the passageway and thus provide a relatively low aerodynamic drag after launching. The ratio A.sub.t /A.sub.i also has a value less than 1.0 so that as the velocity of the projectile decreases to a predetermined flight Mach number, which is a function of the A.sub.t /A.sub.

Abstract: An inductance fuze for armor defeating shells and missiles that utilizes ped neutralization, i.e., cancellation of an AC voltage, induced by a primary coil in a sensing coil under free-space conditions, by an equal and opposite voltage. The lumped neutralizing voltage is obtained from a neutralizing coil that is also coupled to the primary. Adjustment of neutralization is made by translating axially either the sensing coil, the neutralizing coil or both relative to the primary coil. The physical configurations of the coils can be adjusted to be accommodated within the fuze ogive as long as a certain relationship involving the number of turns and the flux amplitudes is maintained.

Abstract: An improved multiple span bolster or "schnabel" car arrangement in which a first arrangement is provided for inhibiting lifting of the lower inboard span bolster in response to compressive forces when the schnabel car halves are being transported empty and in which another means is provided for inhibiting jackknifing by restricting relative pivotal movement between the upper span bolster and a lower span bolster.

Abstract: A device for storing valuables includes a multiplicity of safety deposit boxes arranged in a transportable and releasably-anchorable column, a hollow receiving jacket anchorable in a ground support, and means for releasably anchoring the column in the receiving jacket. The column consists of a plurality of sets of vertically-superimposed safety deposit boxes, disposed adjacent to one another with the sets being disposed side-by-side in a generally circular arrangement.

Abstract: A chain stitch forming device includes a loop retaining member for holding a thread loop having been released from a beak of a loop taker. The loop retaining member is provided at the under side of a restraining member which serves to prevent rotation of a bobbin case retainer and is operated in accordance with a cam surface which is directly connected to a lower shaft of the sewing machine.

Abstract: The invention concerns a water craft comprising a hull, a front hydrofoil and a rear hydrofoil depending downwardly from the hull, a hydrofoil depending outwardly from each side of the hull at an angle below the horizontal, a sail wing or the like for enabling the hull to move forwards and control members for altering the position of at least some of the hydrofoils.

Abstract: A device for registering the score or points in a game or contest comprising a scoreboard member bearing indicia of all possible score points, score indicator markers and means for detachably fastening the score indicator markers to the scoreboard member in association with the individual indicia of the score points and athletic apparel comprising such score registering device.

Abstract: A machine for re-inking printing ribbons for line printers and the like includes a pair of spaced apart spool mechanisms which receive the supply and take-up spools of the ribbon. Disposed between the spool mechanisms is an inking roller which is partially submerged in an ink tank. Adjacent to the tank is a light source and light pipe assembly for detecting holes in the ribbon to be inked. The device accommodates ribbon spools of differing lengths, and is also provided with a ribbon edge sensor which controls the axial position of the ribbon as it is wound onto one of the spools. The spool mechanisms drive the ribbon past the hole detector in one pass, and a pressure roller urges the ribbon onto the inking roller in another pass to re-ink the ribbon.

Abstract: The method comprises, after the end of the normal combustion of the mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine, establishing a post-combustion by maintaining a series of high-tension sparks during a long period and introducing turbulent additional air in the vicinity of said sparks so as to form a plasma which is propagated in said residual mixture. The plasma is propagated in the cylinder from a plurality of points, that is to say partly from a point near to the spark and partly from at least another point of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine of the direct injection type formed by a cylinder head, a cylinder liner and a piston head, the piston head having formed therein a cavity in which the air swirl can be produced by known means.A fuel injection nozzle is disposed substantially in the central part of said cavity for injecting jets of fuel radially against the cavity wall.Said cavity comprises an equilateral polygonal cavity formed in the upper part of said piston head and a toroidal cavity formed continuously to said polygonal cavity in the lower part of said piston head.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprises a passage bypassing a carburetor and a throttle valve of the engine for supplying an additional air into the engine intake duct downstream of the throttle valve to dilute the air-fuel mixture to an air-fuel ratio most suited for the engine operation. An air valve is provided in the bypass passage to vary the air-flow cross-sectional area of the passage. The opening of the air valve is controlled mainly in accordance with the air-fuel ratio of the mixture as detected by an air-fuel ratio detector in the path of flow of engine exhaust gases. A variable orifice is provided in the bypass passage downstream of the air valve and defined by a valve seat and a needle valve operatively associated therewith to vary the opening area of the orifice.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting a gasoline engine to a diesel engine as disclosed herein. The method involves formation of a specifically designed piston that defines a reduced combustion chamber with a reduced chamber in the cylinder head of a conventional gasoline engine and replacing the spark plug with a fuel injector. The piston includes a circular cylinder having a substantially flat end with an integral dome extending from the flat end and having an area that is more than half the area of the cylinder. The dome has a combustion chamber defined therein and the combustion chamber is in communication with the periphery of the dome adjacent the flat end of the cylinder so that movement of the piston towards the cylinder head having a reduced chamber therein will first cause the dome to enter the reduced chamber and then have the gases from the cylinder bore forced into the reduced combustion chamber to create turbulence therein.

Abstract: Concentric outer and inner pistons are provided in each cylinder of a four cycle, reciprocating, internal combustion engine. A magnet restrains each outer piston against displacement by pressure of the fuel mixture in the cylinder, so that the outer piston does not move while the engine is under low load. However, while the engine is under substantial load the magnetic restraint is overcome and the outer piston is displaced by pressure of the fuel mixture in the cylinder.

Abstract: A hydraulic tappet or lash adjuster of simplified design is disclosed for use in the valve train of an internal combustion engine equipped with dual ramp cams. In one embodiment, the disclosed tappet is designed to respond to the presence or absence of control pressure supplied through a single supply port to cause variation in the timed relationship of valve opening and piston movement whereby the internal combustion engine may be operated in a power mode or a braking mode. In another embodiment, a pressure relief outlet is provided in the tappet for cooperation with a pressure relief port to insure collapse of the tappet thereby to prevent the valve from being opened beyond a pre-determined fully open position.

Abstract: A transducer regulates an operating pressure which positions an exhaust gas recirculation control valve pintle to provide exhaust gas recirculation at rates which maintain the pressure in the recirculation passage upstream of the valve pintle equal to a reference pressure; exhaust gas recirculation thus varies with engine exhaust backpressure and accordingly is substantially proportional to induction air flow. The transducer has a pair of current carrying coils which create a bias affecting the reference pressure; the current is adjusted for selected operating conditions to change the reference pressure and thereby change the proportion of exhaust gas recirculation to induction air flow.

Abstract: A tank vent system includes a turbo-charged internal combustion engine with accompanying fuel tank. The fuel tank is connected by conventional fuel line and fuel pump to supply fuel to the engine while the pressurized, turbo-charged air connection between the turbocharger and the engine is connected through a filter and a first orifice to the top of the fuel tank to supply filtered and pressurized air into the fuel tank as the fuel is pumped out for the engine. A second orifice between the first orifice and the fuel tank is provided to limit the pressure buildup in the fuel tank and relieve the pressure when the internal combustion engine is shut down.