Abstract: A laminar triplex structure for use in the manufacture of electrical cells and batteries, cells and batteries made therefrom, and methods of making the same. The laminate comprises a thin flat sheet of separator material, a layer of metallic particles on one surface of the separator sheet and adhered thereto with a binder, and a layer of conductive plastic adhered to the layer of metal particles. The laminate is made by the process of coating a dispersion of metal particles in a solution of a polymeric binder in an organic solvent over the separator, drying to remove the solvent, coating over the dried metal layer with a dispersion of conductive particles in a solution of a polymer in an organic solvent, and drying to remove the solvent.

Abstract: An improved vegetable and flower snip apparatus for cutting the vegetable okra and thorny type flowers which includes a scissor-type snip having a mating set of nose elements at the terminal end thereof from the handle portion so that there are blade cutting elements and which provide for holding the stem in place while being snipped or sheared.

Abstract: A wall tile removing tool comprises a shank portion terminating at the rear thereof in a handle portion and terminating at the front thereof in a thin, blade-like cutting portion of a thickness to fit loosely between a tile and wall surface when it extends parallel to the wall surface. The blade-like cutting portion extends at an angle from the shank portion so that the shank and handle portions of said tool are spaced substantially from the wall surface while the blade-like cutting portion extends parallel to the rear surface of the tile and said wall surface.

Abstract: An improved cutting assembly for rotary lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers or the like, including a body member arranged for rotating about an axis normal with the cutting plane. At least two cutting lines are attached to the body member on a compound spool for rotation therewith in the cutting plane. The invention includes means for detachably securing the lines to the body member and for storing a supply of the line on the spool so that the line may be paid out as the working portions of the line become shortened through wear. The cutting lines are preferably nonmetallic so as to reduce the hazardous condition which would otherwise be present for the operator and still provide an apparatus which will cut with great efficiency and safety.This application is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 801,536, filed May 31, 1977, which in turn is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 706,623, filed July 19, 1976, and now abandoned.

Abstract: The adhesive bonding of a pontic tooth to the two adjacent, natural abutment teeth is improved, particularly in resistance to shearing forces, by an improved adhesive bonding system. In this system, adhesive is applied to the previously prepared surfaces of the abutment teeth, and a thin screen or perforated film or foil is embedded in the adhesive on each tooth surface, conformed to the shape of the prepared surface, and penetrated by the adhesive. In one preferred embodiment, the adhesive wets and penetrates the surface of the artificial pontic that is being secured in place, the previously prepared abutment tooth surfaces, and the screens or films or foils, so that upon curing, an integral mass results that is mechanically strong, particularly in resistance to shear. The system is useful with natural or artificial teeth, can be used to install fixed bridges, and is useful for splinting.

Abstract: A device for measuring the angle of inclination of a surface, particularly the flank angle of a piston ring having a trapezoidal cross section. The device includes a feeler assembly which can be brought into contact with the surface. The feeler assembly comprises a pivotally supported feeler head provided with a measuring edge adapted to lie on the surface to be measured and thus conform to the surface inclination. The device further has an arrangement to measure the pivot angle of the feeler head when the measuring edge lies along its entire length on the surface to be measured.

Abstract: A hand-held interior gauge for measuring a bore includes a body provided with a measuring head capable of being introduced into the bore, and a measuring transducer connected to a movable feeler and adapted to produce output signals representative of the displacement of the movable feeler. The gauge also includes a mechanism for immobilizing the measuring head while in the bore, such that the feeler is movable angularly and radially in a surface limited by a circumference contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the bore, once the measuring head is immobilized. A driving mechanism forming a portion of the interior gauge coordinates the angular and radial movement of the movable feeler, and the output signals from the feeler are provided to a calculator which, in turn, provides intelligence information to an automatic display device for displaying the diameter of the bore.

Abstract: A wheel alignment apparatus including a pair of open-sided rectangular frames pivoted at their ends with respect to each other. The inner, or wheel engaging frame, is placed over a vehicle wheel or the like such that the outer or sighting frame extends laterally of the wheel. Aligning idicia are supported on the outer sighting frame so that, for example, a front wheel positioned within the wheel engaging frame may be aligned longitudinally with respect to the rear tire positioned within a similar wheel engaging and pivoted sighting frame.

Abstract: A device for enabling a diver to determine his relationship to the true horizon in deep and murky waters or when physiological sensations are of little value is described. An attitude sensor, incorporating a series of mercury switches, usually at the back of the diver's helmet or head, is coupled to a series of light emitting diodes equally spaced around the periphery of the face plate of the diving mask or helmet so as to simulate the natural observation that the half space above the horizon is illuminated while the half space below the horizon is not.

Abstract: Apparatus for contacting a packed bed of particulate material with a treating gas includes a downwardly converging bin, hot gas distributors and a cooling gas distributor. The method whereby the apparatus is used as a reactor dryer to treat particulate sponge iron is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tape recorder for instructional purposes comprises a timing and signalling circuit which responds to the giving of instruction by illuminating an LED on termination of the instruction for a period equal to the duration of the interval between commencement of the instruction and illumination of the LED.

Abstract: A sandal with removable straps including a platform having a top surface, a bottom surface and a side surface extending around the platform, the platform including a plurality of openings each extending from the top surface to the bottom or side surface, a plurality of recesses complementary in number to the plurality of openings and with each recess surrounding the end of each opening in the bottom or side surface, a removable strap member having loop portions at the ends of the strap member and with the ends of the strap extending through the openings from the top surface and with the loop portions lying within the recesses, and a plurality of button members complementary in number to the plurality of recesses and with each button member including means for locking the loop portions within the recesses and with each button member having a size and shape to substantially fill its recess.

Abstract: A vehicle is personalized or individualized by a display that may contain e.g. the owner's name, in a manner fully integral with the style and appearance of the vehicle itself. The display is preferably in the form of characters or other indicia affixed to a base member supported in a frame carried on the body surface of the vehicle to set off the area within it. The base member is formed to provide continuity in the contour and appearance of the body surrounding the frame, be it the grill network, the continuous metal body surface or some other body portion, and preferably forms an adequately planar surface so as to facilitate attachment of the characters thereto.

Abstract: A photograph album includes front and rear covers and a plurality of album pages releasably bound together. The front cover is constructed to present a picture frame comprising an outer frame assembly having a mat sheet provided with a plurality of various sized openings therein. The frame assembly frames a plurality of photographs and each opening in the mat individually frames each photograph.

Abstract: A writing and display apparatus which includes a unified writing and display surface exhibiting a reference luminosity; and a hand-held write/erase instrument which is used to apply writing energy to said surface of reference luminosity thereby causing writing to be displayed and retained for an appropriate length of time, and which is also used to apply erasing energy directly to said retained, displayed writing thereby causing the writing to be erased.

Abstract: A display stand comprising rod-like standards having sleeves secured thereto at spaced intervals. The sleeves have another cross-section shape than the rods whereby open spaces are defined therebetween. Hook-like coupling members belonging to components to be carried by the standards connect the said components to the standards by engaging selected ones of said open spaces.

Abstract: A goose decoy which may be readily stacked in the disassembled condition to enable a hunter to easily carry a supply of the decoys for field use. Each decoy is formed of a detachable flat section shaped as a head and neck of a goose, a curved body section of sheet material shaped as a partial conical surface, and a shaped stake for assembly of the two sections together and mounting to the ground. A number of such decoys may be stacked, one within-the-other and carried in a specially designed quiver mounted as a back pack.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and means for packaging earthworms or other light sensitive worms wherein superimposed layers of water absorbent sheet materials are spaced from each other substantially a worm thickness or more apart to provide compartment space for containment of worms and to which worms can crawl to hide and thereby, in effect, package themselves in aligned layered relation. More specifically, the package of the present invention can be a roll or a stack comprising superposed spaced layers of moisture absorbent sheet material with spacers therebetween such as corrugated cardboard which forms longitudinal channels or compartment spaces into which worms can and desire to crawl thereby to effect a self-packaging in aligned relation each to its own channel. The package can then be inserted in an air admitting container such as a perforated plastic bag or cup for handling and storage.

Abstract: A folded glider is comprised of a sheet of material having a center hinge line which is located along its medial axis and paired side hinge lines which are located generally parallel to the center hinge line at spaced intervals outwardly therefrom. A slit is located in the sheet of material, extending transversely between the side hinge lines proximate the trailing edge of the glider. The glider is formed by folding the sheet of material upwardly along the portion of the center hinge line lying forwardly of the slit to form a fuselage, folding it downwardly along the portions of the side hinge lines lying forwardly of the slit to form wings, and folding it upwardly along the portions of the side hinge lines lying rearwardly of the slit and downwardly along the portion of the center hinge line lying rearwardly of the slit to form an inverted "V"-shaped vertical tail.

Abstract: An apparatus for grinding or polishing an article having a cylindrical curved surface comprises a turn table attached at an end of a rotary shaft by a pin joint and turned to a predetermined direction by the rotary shaft; a grinding means for grinding or polishing the article set on the turn table; a cam provided around the rotary shaft of the turn table; a cam roller contacting the cam; whereby the turn table is rocked around the pin joint by the cam and the cam roller; and the curved surface of the article is uniformly ground or polished by setting the article on the turn table so as to substantially arrange the cylindrical axis direction Y--Y of the article in the pin joint direction.

Abstract: A gyratory finishing machine, of the type in which the finishing units gyrate about a common center and advantageously rotate about their own axis, is provided with loading and unloading means for loading and unloading selected finishing chambers without stopping the gyration of the other finishing chambers. This is generally accomplished through a null-point producing means for establishing a null-point relation between the selected finishing chamber and the loading and unloading means. The null-point can be established by bringing the selected finishing chamber to said common center, or by causing said loading and unloading means to gyrate in unison with the gyration of the selected finishing chamber. The loading and unloading can be effected while the selected finishing chamber is at the common center or by transferring the selected finishing chamber from the null-point to a remote loading station.

Abstract: Apparatus based on right-angle socket adapted to hold therein either square or round shank of workpiece for grinding faces of latter in diverse arcuate and/or planar patterns. Setting requires use of only two adjustments, each effected with great and easily reproducible accuracy: (a) by slide track for radial displacement of socket from axis of rock shaft (precisely measured by use of gage blocks), (b) angular rotation of socket on corner or edge axis-- angular variation in either direction therefrom defines eccentricity of arc thus ground from reference arc centered on rock shaft. Thus settings for the two dissimilar edges or tail of a trepan bit are each set simply by turning the socket different degrees on its corner edge axis. Alternately, socket can be located for concentric rotation of workpiece by continuous driving shaft instead of rocking.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric tool particularly adapted for the grinding and refinishing of different sized and shaped faucet seats. The tool comprises an electric motor having a rotary output shaft, an adapter in the form of a double-ended chuck one end of which is sized to receive the rotary output shaft of the electric motor, and a plurality of mandrels each one of which comprises a stem sized to be received in the other end of the adapter and a working shaft sized and shaped to receive different sizes and/or shaped faucet seats. The electric motor may be either hand-held or bench mounted.

Abstract: A ring doffer is provided for carded web splitting that prevents loading of the card cylinder during operation by employing a circumferential groove therein to effect the web splitting that is cut in a reversing helix pattern at a pitch exceeding the width of the groove.

Abstract: The invention comprises an improved ice skate grinding, sharpening and contouring machine. The machine includes novel means to accurately center an ice skate between the heel and sole struts in a movable holding fixture and means to select the best contour position on the blade as a function of intended skate usage. As an example, the best blade contour for a hockey forward requires a deeper grind below the forward strut than the contour for a hockey defenseman. The centering feature assures that the skate contour desired will be accurately ground onto the blade and pitched forward the desired amount. Means to adjust the blade position relative to the blade holding fixture for pitching are disclosed in one embodiment. In an alternative embodiment means for pitching the entire fixture as desired are disclosed. Figure skates can be advantageously centered and pitched as desired with the invention for accommodating the particular requirements of the figure skater.

Abstract: A masonry block unit having spaced, selectively removable, vertical flanges on its inner face which are so spaced that they may be laid in the same direction and overlapped corresponding to the spacing in order that alternate flanges will provide a continuous row for attaching cladding and between such rows standard insulation may be placed, with the removal of the flanges which do not fall in the continuous lines.

Abstract: Discrete bodies of heat insulation are shaped to fit in the roof structure of an industrial building. The insulation bodies fit in the spaces between adjacent ones of the purlins in the roof and are supported by straps extending through or beneath the purlins or by shaping the insulation bodies to include overhanging side flaps that extend across the upper surfaces of adjacent purlins. The insulation bodies are placed end-to-end between adjacent purlins and run parallel to the purlins. The insulation bodies are constructed, for example, in self-supporting monolithic form or in air impervious bags filled with loose heat insulation material.

Abstract: A construction panel suitable for flat roofs, walls, floors and the like. The panel is preformed employing a sheet steel member embedded therein having in addition intersecting reinforcement of steel bars. The panel is of cementitious material bent on both sides and formed in a U-shape.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling a sequence of operations on products moving on an indexing conveyor. The electronic control system is illustrated as controlling a sequence of operations, carried out at various work stations, on cartons in a packaging machine, such as filling operations, sealing operations, and clean-in-place operations on carton filler heads. A limit switch carton detector detects the presence or absence of cartons on the indexing conveyor of the packaging machine and feeds such carton information into a first shift register, which in turn feeds the carton position information into a first "and" gate. A limit switch machine timing indicator functions to feed a first machine timing signal into said first shift register, and into a machine cycle counter. An output signal from the machine cycle counter is fed into a sequence selector which products a sequence signal that is fed to said first "and" gate, which in turn produces a filler sequence signal.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for altering a package of containers encased by heat shrunk packaging material without structurally damaging the package. The package is modified in areas immediate of each container to expose a portion of each container for the affixing of a price mark thereupon, while providing sufficient structural strength to facilitate shipping of the package.

Abstract: An automatic bagging machine for holding and opening a first bag of a plurality of juxtaposed bags held in the machine in a manner whereby the first bag may be filled with a product and detached prior to release of the first bag from the plurality of bags. The bags are of the type having an extended tab secured to a portion thereof and extending above a mouth opening of the bag. The machine comprises a holding device for engaging at least a portion of the extended tab of the first bag. A retractor member is also provided for opening the mouth opening of the first bag by pulling a side wall portion of the first bag opposite to the engaged portion of the tab and away from the engaged tab. The retractor member also clamps the side wall portion to hold the bag in an open position whereby the bag is held from opposed sides for filling the bag with the product.

Abstract: A cutter unit for a mowing machine comprises a transverse shaft provided with successive pairs of thread portions of inverted pitch which are connected with each other in the center of the pair by a radial edge facing forwardly with respect to the direction of rotation of the shaft. Each pair cooperates with lateral cutters against which the threads urge the grass. The unit further includes longitudinal fingers carried by the non-rotating portion of the unit between the successive pairs of guide the grass blades towards the thread portions. The junctions of the successive pairs form depressions which eject the grass upwardly and rearwardly. This action is facilitated by transverse deflector blades disposed somewhat rearwardly of the shaft and close to the upper periphery of the thread portions.

Abstract: A rotary lawn mower of the type having a circular housing with adjustably mounted ground engaging wheels. A side shield is provided in the form of a vertical plate of metal arranged fore-and-aft between the wheels and closely alongside the housing. The shield is supported at its ends on the front and rear axles, extending close to the ground to prevent ejection of a missile at ground level and of sufficient height to prevent discharge at a higher level in all positions of housing adjustment. Preferably the housing has a laterally extending horizontal apron along its lower edge while the side shield has a pair of inwardly extending tabs along its upper edge in overlapping relation to the ends of the apron to prevent ejection of a missile upwardly in the space adjacent the wheel treads. As an alternate construction, the shield has an inwardly extending ledge which conforms to the wall of the mower housing.

Abstract: An apparatus having a frame with a work station therein and adapted for movement relative to a work object having elongated overhanging portions, a pair of rearwardly inclined elongated members mounted for rotational movement on the frame in spaced relation defining a path of travel for the work object therebetween and into the work station of the frame, and a drive mechanism adapted to rotate the members to carry the overhanging portions of the work object over the members to raise the portions along the inclined members to elevated positions during passage of the work object through the work station for the performance of a work operation in the work station.

Abstract: A mower-conditioner for agricultural use employing one or more rotatably mounted drum type cutter units, each of which supports at least one cutter blade for cutting standing crop by impact under conditions where the drums are rotated about generally upright axes. A frame assembly is provided on which a crop conditioner is mounted for receiving severed crop material as it is being conveyed rearwardly by the cutter units.

Abstract: A machine for forming large round bales has a pickup device for gathering and delivering a windrowed crop material onto the upper surface of a bale supporting drum roller situated immediately rearwardly of the pickup device with only a working clearance between their oppositely moving adjacent surfaces. Material is moved rearwardly on the bale supporting roller into a bale forming zone for engagement with forwardly moving lower runs of an endless belt assembly. A bale starter roller, situated upwardly and forwardly from the bale supporting roller, rotates in a direction to sweep and direct material from the underside of the lower belt runs into the bale forming zone for coaction with the endless belt assembly to form a rolled bale.

Abstract: In a crop roll forming machine there is provided bale forming means having endless flexible movable means fastened to opposing sides of the frame of the machine, the movable means being interconnected by a plurality of transverse connecting means having interwoven thereamong endless, flexible strengthening means. The interwoven strengthening means serve to reinforce the transverse connecting means as the bale forming means progressively forms a larger crop roll.

Abstract: A raking mechanism is disclosed which comprises a side delivery raking means mounted on a frame having three support wheels. The mechanism can be self-propelled or towed for raking and/or dethatching mowed lawns, with clipped foliage being discharged to one side and deposited in windrows. A steerable first support wheel is located toward the front end of the frame, whereas second and third support wheels are located adjacent the ends of a wheel suspension means that is pivotally attached to the rear of the frame. The second support wheel is mounted on a nonpivotable axle and rotates in a plane that is parallel to the line of draft of the mechanism, and the third support wheel is freely pivotable on a vertical axis. The side delivery raking means is immobilized against vertical movement with respect to the frame, but the rear of the frame can be electively raised or lowered to a preferred elevation for adjusting the height of the raking means relative to the surface of the ground.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for piecing a yarn on spinning assemblies of an open end spinning machine is provided. A prepared yarn end is pieced to a sliver ring produced in a spinning rotor during running up of the spinning rotor from a predetermined slower speed toward its operational normal spinning speed. In order to accommodate application of the yarn end to the sliver ring, the formation of the sliver ring, and the drawing off of new yarn pieced together at the sliver ring, the invention provides for a control of the acceleration behavior of the spinning rotor so as to lengthen the time segment in which the piecing steps can be performed. In preferred embodiments, non-contact electromagnet or electrical eddy current braking means are provided for countering the driving torque of a common drive means for the rotors of several spinning assemblies, whereby the acceleration curve is flattened with a lengthening of the time period for existent desirable piecing speeds.

Abstract: A high accuracy timer actuating mechanism in a leaf type digital clock having a timer, a manually actuatable timer setting drum and a rotating clutch cam cooperating therewith so as to actuate a clutch lever at a set time manually set in the timer setting drum so that a switch for actuating the timer is closed by the actuation of the clutch lever. The clutch lever is provided with an arresting lug which is releasably arrested by an ON-OFF lever so that, when the clutch lever is arrested by the ON-OFF lever, the switch is held opened so as to render the timer to be inoperative. An actuating lever cooperates with the ON-OFF lever and is actuated by a plurality of cam projections of an actuating cam rotated together with the minute indicating drum so as to release the ON-OFF lever from the clutch lever thereby permitting the same to be actuated by the clutch cam.

Abstract: A quarter hour and hour tone generator system for generating sequences of tones on the quarter hour and hour intervals. The system includes a timepiece having output means for providing a coded representation of time, means responsive to the output means for initiation of the tone generator each time the timepiece reaches a quarter hour interval. Gating means are provided for selecting a sequence of tones in accordance with the time represented by the output means. Instantaneous chime readout capability is also provided to enable en audible indication of the most recently passed quarter hour.

Abstract: A digital alarm timepiece including a signal generator for generating a repetitive time standard signal having a rate defining a unit of time, and a time counting circuit for counting the time standard signal to develop a count representative of seconds, minutes and hours. The timepiece further includes a date counting circuit for developing a count representative of date. A timer counting circuit stores a count corresponding to minutes and hours remaining before an alarm time and is connected to the time counting circuit for counting down the count corresponding to minutes and hours before the alarm time in response to advancing of the count stored in the time counting circuit. A display cooperates with the counters to display date, hours, minutes and seconds according to the respective counts stored in the counters. An alarm responds to the count developed by the time counter circuit for developing an alarm signal when the count developed by the time counter circuit is counted down to zero.

Abstract: In an automotive power plant, where the power turbine will repeatedly be stalled while different amounts of gas pass its stationary rotor, detrimental conditions at the outlet stator are avoided by designing the individual guide vanes so the leading edges are inclined in the direction of flow by an amount of 20.degree.-60.degree. with respect to a radial plane normal to the power turbine rotor axis.The inclination may be selected so it runs substantially straight from the radially inward end of the vane to its tip, or from the radially inward end as well as from the top to provide a notched, or U-shaped profile.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines comprising two exhaust gas passages which are substantially equal in length and each of which has a substantially constant cross-section. A thermal reactor communicates with the exhaust gas passages, and a collector is provided on the open ends of the exhaust gas passages. Since the ignition timing of every cylinder is different from each other, the mass of exhaust gases and the mass of secondary air are ejected from the exhaust passages in different phases. The collector is formed to collect and mix the mass of exhaust gases and the mass of secondary air which are ejected from both of the exhaust gas passages at a different time, and has an outlet for discharging the exhaust gases and the secondary air into the chamber of the thermal reactor with mixing thereof.

Abstract: A hot-gas engine comprising an engine part which is provided with a blanket of ceramic fibres in order to provide protection against high flame temperatures of the burner. The blanket is anchored to the engine part by means of lugs which are bent around metal wires arranged between the fibres.

Abstract: A servo-assisted hydraulic master cylinder has a variable ratio effect so that brake fluid is initially displaced to the brakes at a high rate with respect to driver pedal movement and then at a low rate when an appropriate pressure has developed. A stepped piston assembly comprising a first piston slidable in a second piston defines a first chamber which is directly connected to the brakes and a second chamber in which a variable pressure is developed. The first piston is operated directly by the pedal through the servo valve and is subject only to brake pressure in the first chamber so that brake pressure is proportional to driver effort during normal operation. The second piston is operated by the servo diaphragm through the servo valve housing.

Abstract: A cooler for the transportation and cooling of, particularly, canned beverages including a thermally insulated container having an open end and a retainable cover forming a receptacle for the beverages with a spacer means to hold the canned beverages about the periphery of the receptacle and to form, with the surfaces of the canned beverages, a cavity for a cooling agent, the outer surface of the container being adapted to roll with the cover being retained in sealing engagement. Upon transportation by rolling of the cooler the beverages within the cans are cooled by contact between the cooling agent and the can surfaces forming the cavity.

Abstract: An evaporator assembly for a freezing apparatus comprises freezing faces in the form of large planiform surfaces connected to an outer annulus having a contained volume, and the annulus runs along a substantial portion of the periphery of the freezing faces, the freezing faces and the annulus forming a central chamber. One portion of the annulus is attached to a segment having a narrowing cross section forming a contained volume, and a protruding liquid guide is attached to and runs substantially along the length of said segment.

Abstract: This invention provides a torque tube or coupling housing which is adapted to join a power transmitting member to a power driven member. A rectangular or square metal tube provides this torque tube which has two parallel, spaced-apart outer surfaces. In these spaced-apart surfaces and preferably near their central portions are formed aligned pilot holes. Using these pilot holes as an axis appropriate mounting holes are formed in each of the planar surfaces. The torque tube is then bolted in place to provide a fixed coupling of the power members. As a method, this torque tube provides the steps for joining a power output to a power receiving device wherein the coupling is drilled to provide mounting holes measured from the to be mounted component.

Abstract: A locking rotation-transmitting coupling comprises a nonrotatable member providing a housing having a cylindrical bore surface; a driven member having a hub portion that is, in cross-section, a regular polygon concentric to the bore axis, with axially extending sides that oppose and are radially spaced from the bore surface; and a driving member having axially extending fingers in the space between the bore surface and the hub portion, there being as many fingers as there are sides of the polygon, and the fingers being equidistant from said axis and spaced at uniform circumferential intervals. Two identical roller elements are confined in each space between circumferentially adjacent fingers.