Abstract: A pressure control valve for controlling the operation of spring-actuated fluid pressure released brake units in vehicle braking systems. The valve described requires less operating effort than for conventional control valves of this kind even those including a follow-up means. It has a plunger-type valve element slidable within the carrier and controlling the flow of fluid between inlet and delivery ports. The carrier is biassed towards an open position of the valve in opposition to a spring force by the delivery pressure and the valve element is responsive to delivery pressure to open the valve in opposition to another spring force. The carrier spring has a substantially greater rate than the valve element spring which can be adjusted so that the effort required to operate the valve can be kept to moderate limits while retaining the advantage of a follow-up valve action.

Abstract: An axle-hub assembly for automotive vehicles in which lubrication is provided by a grease fitting position between a rear grease seal and a rear bearing.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a pre-load on or a clearance in bearings and a bearing assembly constructed by this method, wherein a wheel hub is fixed to the outer side of a uniform velocity ball joint stem and two angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings are installed between the hub and a steering knuckle. The bearing assembly comprises a spacer disposed between the inner races of the bearings on the hub, and the elastic deformation, plastic deformation and elastic restoring force of the spacer are utilized for pre-loading adjustment or clearance adjustment of the bearings in the bearing assembly.

Abstract: This invention consists of a plain bearing in which the bearing surface consists of or includes poly-phenylene sulphide to give good bearing properties and also because such linings can be bonded to backings of steel or aluminium or aluminium alloys with a bond that withstands hard operating conditions, for example changes of temperature and changes of shape and stress. The linear polymer can be cross-linked to a desired extent by appropriate treatment.

Abstract: A cabinet is disclosed having a front frame constructed from four extruded edge members. Each extruded edge member has a running slot internal to it such that it receives a reinforcing member at each corner. The outer enclosure comprises an upper U-shaped panel and a lower U-shaped panel, each having interiorly bent outer edges which are secured by a dove-tail bent clamp positioned therebetween. A rear frame secures the enclosure in wrap-around relationship to both front and rear frames. Interior mounting posts having mounting holes thereon are secured to the front and rear frames by means of a fastener which engages a second running slot adjacent the first. The panels coupled with the mounting members secure the frame members which are reinforced at their corners and the dove-tail bent clamp secures the upper U-shaped closure portion to the lower U-shaped closure portion. The dove-tail bent clamp also forms horizontal handle assemblies on both sides of the cabinet.

Abstract: A security apparatus for a chest of drawers comprising a pair of insert guides, each of the insert guides comprising a planar contact surface capable of being secured to the interior side walls of the chest of drawers, the insert guides extending horizontally and defining horizontally extending grooves. A security panel being slidably received within the grooves and the insert guides have a security panel retention assembly adapted to selectively secure the security panel in a fixed position. Each individual drawer is provided with a suitable locking mechanism, which precludes all individuals other than the individual with the key to the locking mechanism from removing the security panel and having access to the contents contained within the drawer.

Abstract: A drawer extender assembly comprising a pair of cabinet rails which are removably secured to the internal walls of a cabinet structure. The cabinet rails are provided with a floating rail guide positioned toward the front of the cabinet rail on which a floating rail member slides. Each floating rail member comprises an integral member defining two C-shaped channels having a common back for at least a portion of their height.

Abstract: Connector clip for connecting conductors in a flat cable to conductors on a circuit board comprises a clip bar having parallel side edges, reversely formed cantilever springs extending from one end of the edges, and flanges extending from the ends of the clip bar. The connector clip is mounted on the circuit board with the ends of the springs resiliently biased against the circuit board conductors. The cable is inserted between the ends of the springs and the surfaces of the circuit board conductors to connect the cable conductors to the circuit board conductors. The circuit board conductors may be either terminal posts or flat conductors on the surface of the board. Strain relief means are provided for positive locking of the cable.

Abstract: A device for interlocking a plurality of male/female electrical connectors together to prevent inadvertent disconnection thereof, the invention comprises a base plate from which a raised enclosure extends, the enclosure having a plurality of male connector posts disposed therewithin which extend from the base plate. A frame bearing a raised member having a plurality of female apertured connectors disposed therein releasably interlocks with the base plate, the raised member being congruent with the enclosure on the base plate and being received into the enclosure such that the male connector posts mate with the female apertured connectors in the raised member. Pressure release and interlocking structure releasably maintain the male connector posts and female apertured connectors together.

Abstract: A push-in type pressure lock terminal for electrical receptacles wherein the bared end of various diameter sized conductors may be inserted into a recess in the receptacle for connection with the internal conductive element thereof, and which is then held therein by a restraint element against withdrawal until the restraint is released. The restraint element comprises a double-action cantilever spring integrally formed from the internal conductive bus element of the receptacle. The double-action spring deflects over a relatively wide range within a limited space within the receptacle to thereby accommodate a range of various diameter sized conductors without causing an objectionable permanent set to occur in the spring. The cantilever spring produces a double-action deflection in the direction of insertion when a wire conductor is inserted and bears against such free end.

Abstract: A kaleidoscope includes three or four highly polished plain, front-surface mirrors assembled in the form of a prism with a cross section that is an equilateral triangle, a square or a rhombus with the angles between sides of 60.degree. and 120.degree., having a length 8 to 15 times the linear dimensions of its cross section. An optically opaque cylinder encloses the mirror assembly with opaque end caps providing alignment of the positions for the ends of the mirrors and electric light means for illuminating objects being viewed.

Abstract: An electrooptic switch in which one of four channel waveguides is selectively induced in a thin slab of electrooptic material by the application of an electric field between intersecting strips of electrodes disposed adjacent the top surface of the slab and other intersecting strips of electrodes disposed adjacent the bottom surface directly below the top surface strips. The electrode strips comprise (1) primary electrodes to which constant potentials are applied to induce optical paths partially through the slab and (2) switching electrodes, vertically displaced and electrically isolated from the primary electrodes, to which alternating potentials are applied to complete the desired optical path through the slab.

Abstract: A device for producing an array of point sources of light. A number of parallel optical fibers or strips are positioned on a substrate. One end of the fibers or strips is illuminated by a light source. Light passing through and along each fiber or strip is reflected at spaced longitudinal reflecting faces integral with the fiber or strip. The device exhibits particular utility in illuminating microimages carried by a fiche.

Abstract: Spaced-apart light sources, a screen and means for restricting light from each source to separate eyes of each observer cause perception of a seemingly solid or three-dimensional shadow of an object or objects. The shadow is detached from the object and does not necessarily appear to be in the plane of the screen but may be perceived as floating in space in front of the observers. The seemingly solid shadows of objects including active human performers or even an observer may be caused to appear to be within the context of a previously filmed 3D still or motion picture scene. The system may be used for purposes additional to creating unique entertainment effects.

Abstract: A folded stereoscope is assembled from a single sheet of material. The sheet is generally in the form of a rectangle provided with a cut-away portion. The sheet plate comprises an upper portion having lenses, a first lower portion connected to the upper portion through a fold line and a second lower portion connected to said first lower portion through another fold line and separated from the upper portion by the cut-away portion.

Abstract: A mechanism for varying the power of a telescopic gun sight wherein the erector lenses are moved longitudinally of the sight. A cam sleeve is used in combination with plastic cam followers. Screws are passed through the cam followers and threaded into the erector lens cells to bias runners formed on the lens cells against the inside surface of the erector lens tube thereby loosening manufacturing tolerance requirements while providing smoother and more accurate lens movement and power change.

Abstract: A wide angle zoom lens system having a front lens group of a positive refractive power with an extended zoom ratio. A second lens group is located adjacent the first lens group and has sufficient negative refractive power so that the combined refractive power of the first and second lens group is negative. The first and second lens groups are movable as a fixed unit for a zooming operation in a first zoom range defined between the shortest focal length and a medium focal length. These same lens groups are separable for a zooming operation in a second zoom range between the medium focal length and the longest focal length.

Abstract: A door scope provided in a door for viewing outside from inside includes an optical system consisting of five lenses: a large diameter objective having a concave rear face, two auxiliary objectives having concave rear faces, a biconcave compensation lens and an eyepiece. The compensation lens is located behind the two auxiliary objectives or therebetween. A peep preventing device consisting of two polarizers one of which is made rotatable with respect to the other is attachable to the door scope. The compensation lens is preferably made of glass material different from that of the other lenses to correct chromatic aberration.

Abstract: Apparatus compensating for "aperturing effects" produced when a sample holding aperture is incorporated in the sample beam of a conventional dual beam spectrophotometer to allow examination of very small size samples. Such effects usually take the form of undesired variations in the base line output of the spectrophotometer at wavelengths where the spectrophotometer slits open wider than the sample aperture in an attempt to produce a constant energy scan over a given spectrum. The apparatus comprises a second aperture optically equivalent to the sample aperture and located at a slit image point in a common beam portion of the spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A pair of mirrors are adjustably mounted at one side of the upright structural frame at the front end of a fork lift truck. One of the mirrors faces forwardly and the other faces rearwardly. The mirrors are adjusted so that the forwardly facing mirror reflects an image of the area directly in front of the truck into the rearwardly facing mirror and is readily visible to the operator.

Abstract: Apparatus for use with an operating microscope employed in observing the cornea of the human eye, for example in connection with cornea transplant operations. A plexiglass tube surrounds the objective of the microscope and is fed with light from a suitable source, so that an image of the circular illuminated lower end of the plexiglass tube is reflected by the cornea of the patient back into the microscope and is observed by the person using the microscope. The character and extent of distortion of the reflected image is an indication of the corneal astigmatism. The eyepiece of the microscope is provided with a reticle in connection with which the reflected image is observed. In one form of the invention, the recticle has diametrical crossed lines and concentric circular lines.

Abstract: A motion picture camera having an in-camera supplemental exposure system in which a light source within the camera is energized in synchronization with the shutter opening to provide a low-level, non-image forming exposure of the film substantially simultaneously with the image-forming exposure. The supplemental exposure light is directed to the side of the film's emulsion layer opposite from the side exposed to the image-forming light. The camera also includes an arrangement permitting adjustment of the length of time that the supplemental light remains energized, and the intensity of the supplemental light. In one embodiment selection of the wavelength of the supplemental light is also provided.

Abstract: A phototypesetter is provided for typing various texts in a wide range of type sizes from a single font or from a multiple font. A light sensitive, heat developing paper is used. In one embodiment of the machine, the paper is developed one line at a time so that the compositor can type the next line while the previous line is being developed. In accordance with another embodiment of the machine, a memory and display are provided wherein the compositor can type an entire page, edit it, and then print and develop the entire page by keying in the proper commands.

Abstract: A printing character matrix and a process for assemblying characterized by a hollow cylinder rotatably disposed within a housing and having a plurality of circumferential grooves on its circumferential surface. Each of the circumferential grooves has sides lying in parallel planes which are parallel to the base of the cylinder and the cylinder has strips secured on its cylindrical surface and overlapping the sides of the two adjacent grooves to form means for positioning a character carrying member such as a photographic film containing the characters. To ensure axial position of each of the characters, each groove is provided with means biasing the member against one of the sides thereof and the device utilizing centrifugal force to hold the member on the positioning means. Preferably, the housing is provided with a filter so that air drawn through the cylinder as it is being rotated is free from undesirable particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for internal measurement of the exposure in photographic cameras where the light penetrating the picture-taking or objective lens is fed by way of a mirror to a photoelectric cell.A marginal reflective surface faces the objective lens and surrounds a picture window adjacent the film surface. The marginal surface is formed as a concave mirror the optical axis of which is inclined to the optical axis of the objective lens so as to reflect part of the light therefrom to the photoelectric cell.

Abstract: An adjustable diaphragm is driven by an adjusting motor. A first light sensor is positioned behind a first light attenuator, and a second light sensor behind a second light attenuator. The attenuators are likewise driven by the adjusting motor. A negative-feedback control circuit actuates the adjusting motor to keep the amount of light incident upon the first light sensor negative-feedback-regulated. As the position of the motor output element changes, the fraction of incident scene light transmitted by the first light attenuator, that transmitted by the second light attenuator, and that transmitted by the diaphragm, vary. The variations in the fraction of light transmitted by the second light attenuator are the same as those in the fraction of light transmitted by the diaphragm, but different from the variations in the fraction of light transmitted by the first light attenuator.

Abstract: A finder display for both shutter speed and diaphragm priority modes in an SLR camera includes a liquid crystal or the like indicator cell 12 having closely side-by-side Tv and Av scales 13, 14 sharing in common the first E, OVER and UNDER characters 15, 16 and 17 and an illuminable dot indicator 18, such as an LED. The scales are longitudinally offset such that the number of laterally aligned numerals in both scales never exceeds four, which serves to further reduce the display width and its projection into the finder viewing field.

Abstract: According to the present invention in the image forming light path a direction-selective diffraction element is provided in such a manner that the image forming beam having entered into said diffraction element is diffracted by means of the diffraction grating structure of said diffraction element and divided into a plurality of beams, whereby at least one of the diffracted beams is led to a photo detecting device while the not diffracted beam is made use of as the image forming beam.

Abstract: A camera back for processing film units of the self-developing or instant type. The camera back, which preferably is adapted to replace the back of a conventional camera, e.g., a 35 mm camera, includes a first housing for supporting a film cassette containing a stack of film units in position for exposure of an endmost film unit in the stack and a pair of rollers for spreading a processing fluid across an element of the film unit after it has been photographically exposed. A second housing including an expansible chamber is reciprocally mounted to the first housing for movement between a first position in which the chamber is collapsed and a second position in which it is extended. A gear rack is coupled to the second housing and to a gear on one of the rollers for driving the latter. The exposed film unit is processed by moving its leading edge into the bite of the rollers and then manually grasping the second housing and moving it from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A mirror mechanism for use in a single-lens reflex camera comprises a mirror descent mechanism having a support member rotatably supported and formed integrally with said mirror, said support member being adapted to cooperate with said mirror drive mechanism at the photograph-taking operation to displace said mirror from said image-viewing position to said photograph-taking position, a mirror pin provided on said support member and adapted to rotate integrally with said support member, a pin fixed on the camera body, and a suspended spring member which is rotatably supported at the ends thereof respectively by said mirror pin and said fixed pin, and which is charged, upon rotation of said mirror from said image-viewing position to said photograph-taking position, to develop a returning force for rotating said mirror in a direction opposite to said rotation from said photograph-taking position to said image-viewing position.

Abstract: A rotary magazine which permits the storage and the consecutive, rapid, exposure of a plurality (i.e., preferably twenty-four) of glass photographic plates. Holders for the photographic plates are pivotally connected to the periphery of a wheel in equal spaced-apart relationship, and are spring loaded so that they can be rotated in only one direction. The plates are rapidly exposed, one at a time. Unlike the prior art, and especially with regard to holograms, the magazine eliminates the undesired lapse of time that is inherent in manually changing the photographic plates. Therefore, less correlation is necessary for temporal changes which occur while "photographing" (i.e., recording) the same, but rapidly time-changing, subject scene (e.g., icing of water droplets). The magazine is particularly well suited to obtain a large number of holograms in rapid sequence.

Abstract: A shutterless camera and a film assemblage specifically adapted for use therewith. The film assemblage includes a cassette having an exposure opening and an ingress opening in one wall thereof and an egress opening in another wall. Mounted within the cassette is a focal plane shutter having an exposure aperture therein which is adapted to be driven across a photosensitive area of a film unit to expose the same. The camera includes a motor which is adapted to drive the shutter, i.e., actuate the shutter, thereby exposing a film unit, and film advancing apparatus which is adapted to extend into the ingress opening in the cassette to engage and move the exposed film unit out of the cassette.

Abstract: A single lens mirror reflex camera with spring biased diaphragm and with exposure metering and controlling system having a central operation mode selection switch for switching between several operation modes, is improved by providing indicators at the camera which are switched in when the "automatic aperture" operation mode is selected and are recognized as warning displays by the user, and by providing switching means at the stop preselection ring of the objective and at the camera, which turn off the indicators in the camera proper when the smallest aperture is set at the stop preselection ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaporizer for generating developer gas, containing ammonia, from aqueous ammonia for developing diazo copying material, comprising a rectifying column with a transfer section, a substantially closed column head with a cover plate and a base plate, a first connecting branch for taking off the developer gas and a second connecting branch for feeding in aqueous ammonia opening into the column head, and a heated, steam-generating sump vessel at the foot of the transfer section, which includes a weir for liquids, which is located in the column head between the cover plate and the base plate below the connecting branches but above the transfer section, extends substantially over the entire cross-sectional area and has at least one passage orifice for liquid and at least one passage orifice for vapor.

Abstract: An electrophotocopy machine has a web of copy paper that is stored on a supply reel in the machine. A pair of initial feed rollers draws the web off the supply reel and feeds the web past a knife that cuts the web into copy sheets of suitable length. The feed rollers are driven by a gear that is connected to a motor and is mounted on and carried by a lever. The lever engages the carriage in its home position to drivingly connect the motor to the feed rollers through the lever-carried gear. A spring biases the lever against the carriage so that the drive connection to the feed rollers is broken when the carriage leaves its home position.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic apparatus including a photosensitive screen drum there is produced a rotation signal each time the screen drum rotates one revolution beginning with a second revolution and the drum is stopped by an n.sup.th rotation signal, so that the drum is rotated through (n+l) revolutions when n copies are formed from the same document. During the first revolution of the screen drum, an electrostatic charge latent image is formed on the drum and during the successive n revolutions the latent image is repeatedly transferred to form n copies. A resetting operation of a copy number setting dial is initiated from the second revolution by the first rotation signal.

Abstract: A duplex copying system including an improved buffer set means that receives substrates having been copied on a first side and shingles the substrates for subsequent refeeding and copying on a second side.

Abstract: The method consists in recording at least one reference mark on each of the patterns corresponding to the various levels of the circuit at a fixed point, in recording the reference mark of the first pattern in the semiconductor plate at the same time as the first pattern and then, after each positioning of the thin plate after the chemical treatments, in centering, by displacing the thin plate relative to the pattern, the images in the plane of the following pattern of at least two reference marks situated in the different zones with the complementary reference mark carried by the following pattern to be projected, the thin plate then being aligned with the following pattern to be projected.

Abstract: A variable magnification device capable of varying magnification of projected images of information bearing media which includes a plurality of interchangeable projection lenses having different focal lengths, a change-over plate for selectively bringing the projection lenses into a predetermined projecting position, and a focusing adjusting ring normally kept out of contact with said projection lenses and capable of engaging for focusing adjustment only the selected one of the projection lenses which has been brought to the predetermined projecting position, and thus once adjusted for focusing, the selected one of the projection lenses is not required to be re-adjusted for focusing even when returned to the predetermined projecting position after having been moved through other positions for further changing over.

Abstract: In copying apparatus capable of producing a duplicate from an original differing in size from each other, a lens is moved when the size of a duplicate to be made from an original is to be changed. When the lens is moved along its optical axis, no change is caused to occur in the distribution of the volume of light passing through the lens for exposing an image forming surface to an optical image of the original. However, in case the original is set such that one side thereof is located on a reference position, the lens is moved in a direction perpendicular to its optical axis, with the result that a lack of uniformity will arise in the distribution of the volume of light thrown on the image forming surface through the lens.

Abstract: A photographic printer includes light sensors for measuring optical characteristics of photographic film to be printed. Prior to printing, the output signals of the light sensors are monitored under one or more reference condition, and calibration values based upon this monitoring are derived and stored. During normal operation of the photographic printer the sensors provide measurements of the optical characteristics of the film, and the output signals of the light sensors are calibrated based upon the stored calibration values. The exposures are then controlled as a function of the corrected output signals.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copying apparatus, a cover and document keep device comprises a rigid cover cooperating with a pivoting arm linkage to maintain substantially parallel alignment of the cover with the platen surface regardless of the thickness of the original document to be copied, thereby providing an effective shield against radiation emitted by the copier exposure source. A plurality of anchoring means are formed in a recessed region of the copying apparatus housing. A resiliently biased arm link is slidably pivotally mounted to the anchoring means and pivotally mounted to the rigid cover to allow the cover to remain substantially parallel with the platen surface through a range of document thicknesses. Another feature of the invention allows the rigid cover to remain pivotally raised above the platen surface without user assistance.

Abstract: A method of making a series of measurements of the relative position of a point on the surface of an object in an object related coordinate system is disclosed. The object is turnable around an axle. The point, which moves between each measurement, is measured by an optical distance and angle measuring device which is placed each time in an arbitrary position in an earth-related coordinate system. The measurements of the position of said point are transformed from an earth related coordinate system to the object related coordinate system. By comparing the current measurement of the point with past measurements of the point, the wear on the surface of the object can be determined.

Abstract: An eyepiece for use on a microscope when lengths and angles are to be measured. Two glass plates extending perpendicular to the optical axis of the eyepiece are spaced axially from each other to form between them a chamber containing a steel ball which is free to move, by gravity, to the lowest part of this chamber and which thus forms an artificial horizon. One of the glass plates, preferably the one farthest from the eye of the observer, is formed as a reticle, graduated with a diametrically extending linear scale and also with a circumferential series of radially extending angular graduations, read in conjunction with the steel ball to make the desired angular measurements.

Abstract: In an optical wavelength meter, the wavelength of light to be measured, such as that obtained from a CW or pulsed laser, is directed through a tunable grating monochromator, serving as a bandpass filter, for passing light within the selected bandpass and determining, to the lowest degree of resolution, the wavelength of the light to be measured. Thence, the light is directed sequentially through a plurality of Fabry-Perot etalon interferometers of increasing degree of resolution. The interference patterns are sequentially directed onto a spatial detector. The radii of the first and second rings of the respective interference patterns are measured to derive fractional fringe order measurements of successively higher resolution, such that the wavelength of the light to be measured is determined in successively increasing steps of higher resolution.

Abstract: A system for measuring the lateral displacement between edges located on two spaced apart objects, with a precision in the order of 1 microinch, generates and analyses the diffraction pattern produced by the physical edge on one object and the aerial image of the edge on the other object. The system can be used for the alignment of the objects or the comparison of patterns located on the objects.

Abstract: A method and system of positioning a boring mechanism in a stern tube, wherein a hollow boring bar having a plurality of laser detecting devices in the hollow portion thereof and an adjusting mechanism corresponding to each of the detectors on the outside of the bar supported within the tube, and a laser beam is directed down the center line of the bar. The detector and auxiliary circuits detect when the laser beam is off center and signals a control means to adjust the corresponding adjusting mechanism and thus the position of the boring bar until the laser beam is again centered.

Abstract: To distinguish between different types of fault detected by laser scanning of a moving web two or more detectors are arranged to collect light reflected in different ranges of angles in direction of web motion. By combining outputs of these in a logical way representing increases or decreases in the sums and differences of the signals they produce, the faults can be classified as absorbing, scattering, or their opposites, or deflecting.

Abstract: A mixture of powders, preferably UO.sub.2 powders, is blended to complete homogeneity in a nuclear-safe, bubbling-bed fluidized bed blender. The blender includes a generally vertically-oriented, slab-shaped, nuclear-safe mixing vessel having a fluidizing grid disposed on the bottom of the vessel. The fluidizing grid comprises a linear array of generally downwardly-directed pyramidal-shaped hoppers each having walls converging into a conically-shaped closable opening. A plurality of gas orifices is provided for directing a flow of fluidizing gas downwardly into the bottom of each of the hoppers and fluidizing gas is supplied to the orifices at a velocity sufficient to cause bubbles of fluidizing gas to rise through and emerge from the mixture of UO.sub.2 powders until a homogeneous blend of solid UO.sub.2 powders is achieved. The apparatus eliminates dead-zones normally present near the bottom of prior art fluidized bed blenders.

Abstract: A mechanized emulsifier is disclosed for mixing water and hydrocarbon fuels for boilers and internal combustion engines. A rotor is driven in an annular chamber and liquids drawn in at the axis of the rotor are thrown out through narrow radial passages therein to impinge on the outer wall of the annular chamber. This wall is circular for most of its circumference but broadens out into a spiral shaped outlet chamber.A fluid logic circuit for automatic control of the emulsifier is also set forth.