Abstract: A decorating paint applying device and method is disclosed, which is helpful for painting floral and leafy vegetation or special effects having a 3-dimensional effect. The device is composed of a one piece, unitary, paint retaining, compressible, resiliently self-restoring soft body having two designing surfaces with a compressed middle portion. The top surface is defined by a number of upstanding projections being independently compressible, and a flat undersurface. The body has outside edges defined by a number of protrusions. Manual handling of the device in applying paint to the body, thereafter correctly positioning and compressing to apply, produces alternating painted and unpainted areas depicting clusters of spaced apart leaves and floral petals or special effects. The method consists of applying threads of varying colors of paint onto the device which has been wet with a base color. Next, folding and compressing to mingle colors and applying by compressing onto a receptive surface.

Abstract: A variable force windshield wiper system for an automobile has a rod which is slidably received within a bore of the drive shaft of the wiper system. The end of the rod contacts a lever arm when the rod extends out from the drive shaft. The lever arm is connected to a spring. The other end of the spring is connected to the windshield wiper arm. As the distance of the rod outside the drive shaft increases, the lever arm rotates about a fulcrum and extends the spring thereby increasing the downward force of the wiper arm toward the windshield. To move the rod, a cam having a threaded exterior surface is mounted on the drive shaft and is attached to the rod. A nut having a threaded interior surface engages the threads of the cam. The nut and cam rotate together if no wiper force change is desired The exterior surface of the nut has ratchet teeth. A pawl is used to selectively engage the ratchet teeth of the nut.

Abstract: Mechanical fasteners having parallel barbs extending vertically from a horizontal planar member to secure layers of a floor covering. When interposed between floor covering layers the barbs penetrate and anchor into a floor covering material. When a consumer desires to separate the layers, and to replace or recycle one or all the layers of the floor covering, he can do so readily by pulling the layers apart, and then securing new layers together with the mechanical fastener.

Abstract: A caster assembly for engaging, lifting and roll transporting columns of support racks, such as warehouse pallet racks, for movement of the support racks, includes an adaptor bracket secured to a housing of the caster assembly for engaging holes arranged on a web portion of a two-lines-of-holes-type column. The adaptor bracket is secured to the housing using fasteners arranged through selectively spaced fastener holes through a front wall of the housing. For a line-of-holes single type column, the adaptor bracket can be removed and individual lugs can be secured to the selectively spaced holes of the housing which correspond to the hole spacing of the column. Thus, the same caster assembly can be adapted to engage a column of either type.

Abstract: A handle for engaging with an L-shaped tool includes a beam having a bore for engaging with one of the stems and includes a bar having a groove communicating with the bore for engaging with the other stem. A cover is secured to the bar for securing the tool in place and for allowing the tool to be solidly secured in the handle. The bar includes a pair of channels, the cover includes a pair of flanges for slidably engaging with the channels and for allowing the cover to be secured to the bar.

Abstract: A positioning device is provided for a luggage trolley having a pair of outer tubes, a pair of inner tubes respectively, telescopically received in the outer tubes, and a handle connected to upper ends of the inner tubes. The positioning device includes a connecting rod pivotably mounted in each inner tube, a manually operable actuating member mounted to the handle and connected to an upper end of each connecting rod to urge pivotal movement of the connecting rod, and an engaging member mounted in each inner tube. Each engaging member is pivoted to be disengaged from an associated engaging hole of the associated outer tube when the actuating member is actuated to allow vertical movement of the inner tubes in the outer tubes. Each engaging member is biased to selectively engage with one of the engaging holes when the actuating member is released so as to position the inner tubes in the outer tubes.

Abstract: A hinge, comprising at least one first element which is fastenable to an upright member and a second element which is fastenable to a plurality of rolling bodies interposed between the first element and second element, the rolling bodies rolling along a first annular track and a second annular track respectively provided on the first element and the second element, each of said tracks having a bottom portion and two side portions, wherein the side portions are extended for retaining the rolling bodies inside the tracks during rolling of the rolling bodies along the annular tracks and form between the first element and the second element, in the region of the rolling bodies, an annular gap which is wide enough to prevent contact between the first element and the second element, said annular gap also being formed in an area located coinciding with the axes of symmetry of said first and second elements and wherein adjacent ends of the first and second elements are spaced apart by the annular gap so as to not con

Abstract: A topographical support member and a method of forming a topographical support member for use in producing nonwoven fabrics with raised portions, especially intaglio and slub type portions. The topographical support member comprises a body having a top surface including a first micro-sized topographical pattern and a pattern of apertures extending through the body. At least one macro-sized region recessed below the top surface is provided. The micro-sized pattern produces a background portion of the fabric and the macro-sized recessed regions produce the raised portions of the fabric. Multiple levels may be provided in the macro-sized region to produce multiple level raised portions.

Abstract: A needle loom including a support and a stripper defining a path for a fiber lap. A needle board supported by sliding shanks moves back and forth between a maximum penetration position and a retracted position, by means of a connecting rod/crank assembly including a connecting rod hingedly connected to the sliding shank. A slide bearing remote from the needle board has a greater diameter than the other slide bearing, and engages a tubular portion of the shank. The hinge connection between the connecting rod and the sliding stank is located within the axial section covered by the slide bearing and the interval therebetween. For this purpose, the hinge is arranged in the tubular portion. Bearing wear, extraneous stress and vibration may thus be reduced.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a web by means of impingement by high velocity gaseous fluid is provided. The process constitutes the provision of a web to two separate treatment zones. In the first treatment zone the web is subjected to the imposition of high velocity gaseous fluid substantially tangential to the web and in the opposite direction of travel by the web through the treatment zone, such that a series of saw-tooth waves are formed in and move along the web in the opposite direction of travel by the web. In the second conditioning zone, the same type imposition of high velocity gaseous fluid to the web occurs with the gas streams and the resultant saw-tooth waves forced in the same direction as the travel of the web. The two zones are separated by an area of high tension on the web. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of rear drive conversion of the M113 family of vehicles to provide a light, mobile and tactical hybrid vehicle. The method includes stripping an M113 to a base aluminum hull and providing modified or newly fabricated parts to enable the conversion. Using the rear drive conversion process disclosed herein, critical operations parameters such as volume under armor, mobility, air transportability and vehicle performance efficiency per unit weight are significantly increased.

Abstract: A process for producing a frictionally locking connection of two structural component parts, especially a shaft and a hub, including plastically deforming a round structural component part into an oval or polygonal shape by applying force, applying additional force to substantially elastically round the oval or polygonal structural component part, assembling the structural component parts while maintaining the additional force, and then cancelling the additional force so that the round structural component part springs back into the oval or polygonal shape whereby the structural component parts are connected with one another by a press fit.

Abstract: An innovative technology for composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) has been developed which significantly increases cost effectiveness, increases reliability, and reduces weight over state-of-the-art COPVs. This technology combines an innovative thin liner made of a metal having a high modulus of elasticity and a high ductility, a high-performance composite overwrap and a high-performance film adhesive at the overwrap/liner interface. The metal liner can be fabricated from readily available titanium alloy sheet and plate using a combination of spin forming and machining to fabricate components and electron-beam welding for tank assembly. The composite overwrap is filament-wound onto an adhesive-covered titanium liner and the overwrap and adhesive are co-cured in an oven to yield an integrated tank structure.

Abstract: A method of making a micromotor in a ceramic, includes forming a sacrificial stator member, a sacrificial stator core with a plurality of teeth each having a central portion and a free-end and providing a tape cast ceramic material wrapped around the central portion of each tooth, and a sacrificial fiber wound in a helical fashion on the tape cast material; forming a micromolded ceramic bottom portion in the green state having a cavity for receiving the sacrificial stator member and an insert recess, and inserting the sacrificial stator member into the cavity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spring hinge including forming a spring hinge housing and a hinge member of strip materials, and assembling a unitary assembly formed of at lest the hinge member and a spring member by mounting the spring member on the hinge member while the hinge member is still connected with a strip material from which it is formed, with the separation of the hinge member from the strip material after mounting of the spring member on the hinge member.

Abstract: A fixture for use in the final machining operation of the integral bladed rotor (IBR) of a gas turbine engine comprises a rigid ring for surrounding the outer periphery of the IBR and supporting tapered pins that fit into the space between the blades and then molded therein with a plaster or plastic medium for securing the unit to the IBR for enhancing its structural integrity. The method of finishing the airfoils of the IBR includes inserting the pins in alternate spaces and working half of the blade surfaces in the pinless spaces and then removing the pins and inserting pins in the previously worked spaces and then molding the pins in place. The other half of the bladed surface is then worked in the pinless spaces until the airfoils are finally contoured. The unit is removed and heated to melt the residual cast medium to produce the finished product.

Abstract: In a mask (7) for covering the outer marginal area of a disk-shaped substrate surface during a coating process, for example a vacuum sputtering or vapor depositing process, the mask (7) is made of an elastic material in the form of a planar plate with an essentially circular opening. To center and lock it onto the substrate (1) an inwardly extending annular flange is provided which assumes the actual masking function and extends in a plane parallel to the plane of the plate. The substrate (1) is laid on this flange and retained by projections extending radially inward. Prior to positioning the substrate it is bowed axially to spread apart the projections.

Abstract: Thin wall metal cans are described having threaded necks for receiving threaded closure to seal contents in the cans. Techniques for forming such threaded cans are also provided.

Abstract: A fastener replacing the laces in a shoe. The fastener consists of an elastic substance having an intersection, with a plurality of appendages protruding outward, with a gusset and a half semicircle located at the end of the appendages.

Abstract: Stator bars and stator coils (winding elements) for a large dynamoelectric machine which are to be permanently placed in the slots of the magnetic core of the machine are wrapped so as to be surrounded on three sides with an elongated sheet of an elastomeric substance. A stretching device is attached to the two overlapping edges of the elastomeric sheet in such a manner as to be able to stretch the sheet around the winding element and thus reduce the thickness of the elastomer. The winding element surrounded by the stretched layer of the elastomeric substance is placed in a selected stator slot and the stretching device is detached from the elastomeric material. The elastomeric material attempts to regain its former thickness but is confined to the remaining space between the winding element and the sides of the slot. The offal is trimmed from the elastomeric substance and the winding element remains lodged in the slot.

Abstract: In a spindle motor for a driving a memory disk, a is closed space formed by a sleeve metal, an end portion of a shaft and a thrust plate. The closed space is connected to outside open space by a connection path, thereby effectively discharging undesirable air in an assembling stage.

Abstract: The IC mounting/demounting system of the present invention makes it possible to adjust the interval between socket pushers 42 and 43 of mounting/demounting head 25 in accordance with the size of IC socket 1A. Therefore, it is unnecessary to replace mounting/demounting head 25 when changing types of IC's and therefore, the operation efficiency is greatly improved.

Abstract: A method of detachably mounting a heat sink to a lead frame and then an IC die to the heat sink including the steps of first providing a lead frame that has lead fingers and a multiplicity of tie bars extending inwardly from the lead frame, each tie bar has a fixed end integral with the lead frame and a free end equipped with an attachment means, and then providing a heat sink that has a multiplicity of receptacle means adapted to receive the attachment means on the tie bars as well as at least one opening through the thickness of the heat sink, and detachably engaging the attachment means on the tie bars to the receptacle means on the heat sink. The invention is also directed to a lead frame/heat sink assembly that may have a single IC die or a multiple of IC dies mounted on top of the heat sink. A single IC die or a multiple of IC dies that are mounted to the heat sink can be tested in a KGD or KGS test before being assembled to a lead frame.

Abstract: A circuit assembly is made by overmolding, with an electrically insulating material, a unitary framework of electrically conductive material forming coplanar conductors which are connected to each other by an integral structural member. The overmolded material secures the conductors relative to each other and enables portions of the structural member to be severed, electrically isolating the conductors from each other. The overmolded material also positions electrical components having leads that are electrically connected to the conductors. Ends of the conductors are formed into terminals which extend out of a hinge formed in the overmolded material. The hinge enables the terminals to be oriented in a different plane than the conductors.

Abstract: A supporting member or first synthetic resin sheet with conductive bumps disposed at predetermined positions are superposed on a second synthetic resin sheet under the condition that the resin component of the second synthetic resin sheet is plastic deformed or the temperature thereof exceeds a glass transition temperature so that the conductive bumps are pierced into the second synthetic resin sheet. In other words, the conductive bumps are pierced vertically into the second synthetic resin sheet so as to form through-type conducive lead portions exposed to the first (supporting substrate) and second synthetic resin sheets. The through-type conductive lead portions are used to electrically connect electric devices and circuit and to connect wiring pattern layers. The conductive bumps can be precisely and densely formed and disposed by printing method or plating method. The conductive bumps can be pushed and pierced into the second synthetic resin sheet.

Abstract: In a ceramic package main body having a circuit wiring provided to a ceramic substrate and including first and second independent circuit wires, first and second conductive layers are formed on the ceramic substrate. A first connection wire is provided to connect between the first circuit wire and the first conductive layer. A second connection wire is provided to connect between the second circuit wire and the second conductive layer. The first and second conductive layers are electrically insulated from each other for enabling to examine an electrical connection between the first and second conductive layers and determine, from the result of the examination, whether a short circuit is developed between the first and second circuit wires.

Abstract: A method for repairing a blade tip of a turbine blade of a gas turbine engine. The method is particularly directed to replacing the squealer tip (14) of a directionally solidified (DS) or single crystal (SX) turbine blade (10), and can be carried out using a brazing or welding technique. The method generally entails the step of machining the tip (14) to remove any damaged, worn, oxidized or eroded portions thereof sustained by the blade (10) during engine operation. A DS or SX superalloy replacement tip (18) is then placed on the surface generated by the machining operation. If a brazing operation is used, a brazing alloy composition (16) is first applied to the blade tip or replacement tip (18) prior to placement of the replacement tip (18).

Abstract: Methods of making cylindrical structures with cooling channels, such as, for example, combustor/transition pieces for gas turbines having a double wall with a plurality of cooling channels, both axially and, in some cases, circumferential cross-flow passages positioned between the structure's inner member and the outer member to provide cooling air thereto, are disclosed. The cooling channels are formed in the area between the inner member of the structure and the outer member thereof. The passages preferably extend both axially and circumferentially with respect to the direction of flow through the structure. The axial passages extend completely from one end to the other and the circumferential passages extend around the circumference of the structure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for an air conditioner includes a plurality of heat-transfer tubes arranged in parallel to each other at predetermined intervals, and heat-transfer fins formed by helically winding a plurality of fine wires around the plurality of heat-transfer tubes. Preferably, the heat-transfer tubes are divided into groups of two adjacent heat-transfer tubes (1a, 1b), (1b, 1c), (1c, 1d), . . . , and at least one fine wire fin is wound helically around the two adjacent heat-transfer tubes of each group so that the fine wire fin does not cross other portions of the fine wire fin as viewed along a direction perpendicular to a plane including the axes of the plurality of heat-transfer tubes. When fabricating the heat exchanger, at least either the outer circumferences of the heat-transfer tubes or the outer circumferences of the fine wires are coated with a metal film formed by plating, and then the heat-transfer tubes and the fine wires are interlaced to form a heat exchanging structure.

Abstract: An electrical connector (40) having a two part articulated housing (42) is disclosed. The connector, intended for surface mounting on a curved surface (74, 76) of a circuit board (56), includes two housing parts (44, 48) that are intercoupled by means of a flexible member (62) that permits relative movement of the two housing parts in a direction toward and away from the mounting surface but is substantially rigid in the lateral direction. The connector (40) is manufactured by stamping and forming a series of the flexible members (62) on a carrier strip (90), passing the carrier strip through a plastic injection mold machine (98) for molding the two housing parts (44, 48) insitu onto the flexible strip (62), and then passing the carrier strip (90) through a contact insertion machine (102) for inserting the contacts (46,50) into the two housing parts (44, 48).

Abstract: Circuit boards are manufactured by forming a substrate with a dielectric surface, laminating a metal foil and a peelable film to the substrate, and forming holes in the substrate through the peelable film and foil. A filler material with an organic base may be filled with electroconductive particles or dielectric thermoconductive particles. The filler material is laminated onto the peelable film with sufficient heat and pressure to force the filler material to fill the holes. For thermoconductive filler the holes are filled sufficient for electrical connection through the holes. The filler material is abraded to the level of the foil and is then copper plated. The copper is patterned to form a wiring layer. A permanent dielectric photoresist layer is formed over the wiring layer and via holes are formed through the photoimageable dielectric over pads and conductors of the wiring layer.

Abstract: A disclosed method of repairing a shed portion of a composite insulator having a core portion, a sheath portion arranged on an outer surface of the core portion, and a plurality of shed portions projected from the sheath portion, includes the steps of, (1) cutting out the shed portion having defects from a portion thereof adjacent to the sheath portion, and connecting a new shed portion having the same shape as that of the cut out shed portion to the sheath portion at the cut out portion, or (2) cutting out partly said shed portion having defects, and connecting a repairing member to said cut out portion. Therefore, it is possible to perform the shed portion repairing operation without wasting the normal shed portions.

Abstract: An improved method for retaining a separable bearing race to a inner bearing member by rolling over a deformable lip of the inner bearing member into a race abutting bead. The outer edge and inner surface of the separable race are cut away partially by a shallow, continuous, conical relieved portion with sufficient length and radial thickness to accommodate the degree of material swelling just inside of the race that results from the lip deformation process. Consequently, the swelled material does not bind unevenly on or stress the race, which maintains solid and secure contact with the inner bearing member.

Abstract: An improved method for retaining a separable bearing race to a inner bearing member and also preventing twisting of the separable race on the spindle. The circular corner edge where the cylindrical inner surface of the separable race would otherwise intersect with the annular, axial face of the race is machined off with a chamfer that is eccentric to the co axis of the race and spindle. Then, a deformable lip of the spindle is deformed in and over the face of the race, concurrently filling in the eccentric chamfer. When the race thereafter attempts to turn on the spindle, a wedging action is created by the eccentric chamfer to prevent twisting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a roller bearing comprising a cage made from a thermoplastic polymer-containing material. By cross-linking the polymeric material its properties, such as form retention and compatibility with lubricants, are improved. A roller bearing provided with a cage made from suitably cross-linked thermoplastic polymer-containing material can be used even at temperatures above the melting point of the polymer. According to the invention a roller bearing is manufactured by forming a cage from thermoplastic polymer-containing material, providing it with rotating bodies and only then cross-linking the material. This avoids damage to an otherwise already rigid cage during the insertion of the rotating bodies.

Abstract: Shaving systems having a first support, at least one, and preferably a plurality, of resilient supports, and a plurality of skin-engaging elements movably arranged in spaced relation and supported by the resilient support. The resilient supports normally maintain the movable skin-engaging elements, e.g. blades, guards, and/or cap member, in spaced relation such that the movable, skin-engaging elements are spaced by a first distance, relative to each other, when the skin-engaging elements are in a normal, unbiased position. In one embodiment, when one or more of the skin-engaging elements is acted upon by forces normally encountered during shaving, the resilient supports yield in order to move each of the blades and the cap into a more aggressive position.

Abstract: A universal tool for cutting fiber optic cables and, more particularly, for cutting buffer tubes of various diameters and wall thicknesses includes first and second housings having respective inner surfaces. The inner surface of each housing can define a respective groove which, in turn, defines a respective longitudinal axis. The second housing is adjustably attached to the first housing so that the first and second grooves are maintained in an aligned relationship to thereby form a channel having a width which can be controllably adjusted so as to substantially match the diameter of the buffer tube to be cut, thereby allowing the universal tool to access the optical fibers within buffer tubes of different diameters. The tool also includes a first blade which is at least partially disposed in the first housing so that the first blade extends a predetermined distance into the respective groove.

Abstract: A viewing window for covering an aperture in a hand-held circular saw includes an optically transmissive member adapted to be coupled with the guard. The member is movable between a closed position, wherein the member substantially covers the aperture, and the open position, wherein the member at least partially uncovers the aperture, to allow the cleaning of the member. A structure is provided for biasing the member to the closed position.

Abstract: A cutting pliers for cutting implant plates features two handgrips (10) joined via a hand-grip pivot (11), which handgrips actuate by way of leverage pivots (14) a pliers holding jaw (15) and a pliers punching jaw (16). Formed on the pliers holding jaw (15) are holding pins (19, 20, 21) adapted for entering matching recesses of the implant plates being cut. A cutting device (18) is fashioned on the pliers punching jaw (16). Implant plates of different implant systems, with half-round, burrless cuts, can be cut with said cutting pliers.

Abstract: An automatic folding knife including a safety stop to prevent the blade from being released from either an extended position or a closed position. A safety stop is operated by a control element located on and movable along the back of the handle of the knife, while a button that operates a latch to release the blade is located on a side of the knife handle. The safety stop includes either a lever or a disk movable by the control element into an engaged position blocking movement of the latch button and thus preventing the latch from releasing the blade. A detent holds the safety stop either in its engaged position or in a disengaged position.

Abstract: An improved holder and pocketknife combination is disclosed. The knife has a blade and a handle. The handle has an end detachably coupled to a swivel that is rotatably connected to a snap hook. The handle has a coupling part for mating with a cooperating part of the holder. The combination also has a quick release mechanism for separating the knife from the holder. The hook is directly attached to the swivel.

Abstract: Polyacetal compositions containing a minor amount of sodium acetate sufficient to exhibit a luminous flame when exposed to combustible conditions.

Abstract: A shaving system includes a replaceable shaving cartridge and a shaving razor handle. The replaceable shaving cartridge has a housing carrying blades, a guard, a cap, and a camming surface. The cartridge includes an interconnect member having a pivotal support structure that pivotally supports the housing and a base structure adapted to be removably and fixedly attached to the handle. A shaving razor handle has an elongated hand gripping structure and a cartridge support structure extending from an end of the hand gripping structure. The cartridge support structure has an extension with outer side surfaces that mate with inwardly directed surfaces of a recess on the cartridge and an end surface with an opening. The extension has an asymmetrical shape to ensure proper orientation. A spring-biased plunger is retained in the cartridge support structure and extends through the opening of the cartridge support structure.

Abstract: A level controller including a base plate having an upright support, a platform supported on and turned about the upright support, a status detector mounted on the bottom side of the platform to detect the position of the platform through an X-axis detector unit and a Y-axis detector unit and to provide an output signal corresponding to the result of the detection, a X-axis motor and a Y-axis motor arranged on the base plate at right angles, and a microprocessor controlled by the X-axis detector unit and Y-axis detector unit of the status detector to turn the X-axis motor and the Y-axis motor in keeping the platform on an even horizontal plane.

Abstract: A tool that aids in the cutting of a circle in drywall. The tool consists chiefly of a substantially flat main body including a plurality of grooves. The grooves are used to guide a cutting tool (e.g. a drywall knife) in a circular path. A fixing pin is attached at a first end of the main body, and a second raised end of the main body is curved or angled upward so that the end of the tool does not become embedded in the drywall during the cutting operation. The raised end of the tool may also be used to push the tool on its circular path.

Abstract: A rear gunsight has a rectangular-shaped base member, with a left sidewall extending upwardly from a left hand side of the base member and a right sidewall extending upwardly from a right hand side of the base member. A left hand top element extends from an upper end of the left sidewall toward the right sidewall, and a right hand top element extends from an upper end of the right sidewall toward the left sidewall. The base, the sidewalls and the top elements enclose a hollow space that is open at a front end and a rear end of the gunsight so that one can see through the hollow space. A notch is formed between the terminal ends of the right and left hand top elements, and the notch opens into the hollow space as well as being open at its opposite ends so that one can see through the notch simultaneously with seeing through the hollow space.

Abstract: A device and method to measure and correct the cant of a pair of ski boots. A device has a pair of platforms movable with respect to one another. Binding means for the ski shoes are attached to the platform. Each platform is independently rotatable about a longitudinal center line. A pair of vertical indicators indicate the relationship between the respective knee of the skier and the vertical indicators. A second pair of indicators measure the degree of rotation of the respective platforms. Wedges are used to correct the cant and to obtain zero rotation of the respective platforms. The device can also be used to correct the cant of skis with ski boots attached.

Abstract: A pistol-shaped automatically retracting chalk-line dispenser comprises a three-member housing enclosing two separate chambers. The upper, chalk-receiving chamber, contains a double-walled chalk-line spool and a line-guiding roller. A seal on the chalk-line spool shaft prevents chalk dust from entering the second chamber, which contains drive gears, the line-retracting spring, and a trigger-actuated latching brake mechanism. In one embodiment, a finger-like projection from the trigger is initially brought to bear on a rotating cap to brake the rate of line retraction as the trigger is pulled rearwardly. If the trigger is pulled back more than a predetermined distance, the finger-like projection snaps into engagement between the teeth of a sprocket attached to the cap and thus locks the retraction mechanism.

Abstract: A set of ruled devices and method for measuring an actual dimension of a specimen displayed as a magnified image by a magnification system such as a scanning electron microscope having a plurality of selected magnification factors. The magnified image includes dimensions that correspond to a predetermined selected magnification. A set of ruled devices is provided, whereby each ruled device includes indicia that corresponds to one of the magnification factors. A ruled device that corresponds to the predetermined selected magnification is selected. The dimension of the image is measured with the selected ruled device, whereby the indicia of the selected ruled device indicates the actual dimension of the specimen.

Abstract: A gauge for measuring an out-of-plane surface displacement profile around a cold-worked fastener hole in relation to the distribution of residual compressive stresses around the hole and related fatigue life. The gauge has a deformable strain sensor positionable to be deformed in accord with the out-of-plane surface of the structural material circumferentially surrounding the cold-worked hole. A measurement reporting readout device is in communication with the strain sensor and relates three-dimensional surface-profile measurement data in accord with strain sensor deformation to determine or verify the cold expansion magnitude, uniformity and consequent fatigue life through three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element comparative analyses and/or experimental measurements for a hole in any material of given thickness.