Abstract: Disclosed are thermal transfer elements and processes for patterning organic materials for electronic devices onto patterned substrates. These donor elements and methods are particularly suited for making organic electroluminescent devices and displays. The donor elements can include a substrate, an optional light-to-heat conversion layer, and a single or multicomponent transfer layer that can be imagewise transferred to a receptor to form an organic electroluminescent device, portions thereof, or components therefor.

Abstract: A method of making a stamper for use in a data storage disk molding process. The method includes making a first stamper including the steps of providing a stamper body having an information layer thereon. The information layer is covered with a first metal layer. A second stamper is made from the first stamper, which includes the steps of covering the first metal layer with a second metal layer to form a stamper assembly, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer are bonded together. The first metal layer and the second metal layer are removed from the stamper assembly to form the second stamper, wherein removal of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is nondestructive to the information layer. In one application, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are made of nickel.

Abstract: A data storage master disk and method of making a data storage master disk. The data storage disk master is for use in a data storage disk replication process. The data storage disk molding processes produces replica disks having a surface relief pattern with replica lands and replica grooves. The method includes providing a master substrate. The master substrate is at least partially covered with a layer of photosensitive material. A surface relief pattern having master lands and master grooves is recorded in the data storage disk master, including the steps of exposing and developing the photosensitive material. The exposing and developing of a specified thickness of photosensitive material is controlled to form master grooves extending down to a substrate interface between the master substrate and the layer of photosensitive material, such that the width of the master grooves at the substrate interface corresponds to a desired width of the replica lands.

Abstract: A load lock chamber includes a chamber body having an aperture to allow a substrate to be transferred into or out of the chamber. The load lock chamber is configurable in several configurations, including a base configuration for providing a transition between two different pressures, a heating configuration for heating the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures, and a cooling configuration for cooling the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures. Various features of the chamber configurations help increase the throughput of the system by enabling rapid heating and cooling of substrates and simultaneous evacuation and venting of the chamber, and help compensate for thermal losses near the substrate edges, thereby providing a more uniform temperature across the substrate.

Abstract: A single stage dental implant for implantation in living jawbone having overlying gingiva comprises a generally cylindrical body section having an exterior surface for confronting the jawbone and a head section attached to the body section for extending through the overlying gingiva when the body section is confronting the jawbone. The head section has an end portion which is generally near an outer layer of the gingiva. The implant further includes a bore within the head section extending to an opening at the end portion of the head section. The bore is defined by first, second, and third walls. The first wall has internal threads. The second wall has a larger diameter than the first surface and is substantially cylindrical. The second wall extends from the first wall toward the end portion. The third wall extends from the second wall to the opening and flares toward the opening to a diameter that is wider than a diameter of the second wall.

Abstract: Pivotable jigs or tables facilitate inversion or reciprocation of one or more well plates relative to a dry DNA transfer sheet to effect deposit of DNA gene solution as spaced spots on the surface of the transfer media sequentially to produce after drying of the DNA gene solution transfer of the dry DNA material from the spots by forcible impact or rubbing pressure through a printing mechanism of minute dry DNA dots onto a test substrate such as a glass plate for subsequent analysis optically via fluorescent labels to determine the presence or absence of mutations and a further identification of the mutation itself.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a data rate associated with the transmission of information from a base station to a mobile station in a mobile radio communication system. The mobile station alternately receives information from a base station either in a variable rate mode or a fixed rate mode. The transmission rate from a base station in the variable rate mode varies between successive data transmit intervals, and the transmission rate from a base station in the fixed rate mode remains fixed between successive data transmit intervals. Data is transmitted from a first base station to the mobile station in the variable rate mode until the first base station is unable to receive variable data rate control information from the mobile station.

Abstract: Tumor cells, particularly carcinoma cells, are separated from peripheral blood by magnetic sorting. The tumor cells are magnetically labeled with antibodies directed to tissue specific antigens, preferably cytoplasmic proteins. Labeling for cytoplasmic antigens is accomplished first permeabilizing, then fixing the cells. The cells are separated on a magnetic matrix. The number of tumor cells in the enriched fraction is used to calculate the number of tumor cells present in a patient hematopoietic sample.

Abstract: The invention concerns instruments for fast, selective replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from biomaterial through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), working in individual duplication thermocycles. The invention consists of extremely brief cycle times of only a few seconds for the PCR reactions, generated, on the one hand, by reaction chambers for the reception of the reaction solution constructed of a pattern of fine capillaries in close proximity to heating and cooling elements in order to optimally accelerate the temperature setting in the reaction solution for the three temperature phases of the PCR duplication cycles and, on the other hand, by keeping the flow rates in the capillaries to a minimum during the amplification phase so that the polymerase reaction is not disturbed. The capillary pattern can be simply produced by means of microsystem technology.

Abstract: A polishing pad is fixed on a polishing platen mounted to be rotatable. An abrasive supply tube supplies an abrasive onto the polishing pad. A substrate holder is mounted to be rotatable above the polishing pad, holds a substrate to be polished and presses the substrate against the polishing pad, thereby polishing the substrate. A dresser is mounted to be rotatable above the polishing pad, and dresses the polishing pad. A torque detector detects the rotation torque of the polishing platen or the rotation torque of the substrate holder. A dresser controller makes the dresser dress the polishing pad if the rotation torque detected by the torque detector is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor package of the type in which a gap between a semiconductor chip and a mount board is filled with a resin. The apparatus includes resin supply means for supplying the resin along one side of the semiconductor chip, and resin supply control means for controlling the amount of resin supplied by the resin supply means such that more resin is supplied near the central portion of the semiconductor chip than near the end portions of the semiconductor chip. Also provided is a method that includes the steps of connecting the semiconductor chip and the mount board, and supplying the resin along one side of the semiconductor chip in such a manner that more resin is supplied near a central portion of the semiconductor chip than near the end portions of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An interlayer insulating film (104) that is formed on a substrate(101) so as to cover TFTs(102, 103) is planarized by mechanical polishing that is typified by CMP. Pixel electrodes (106, 107) are formed on the interlayer insulating film(104) and an insulating layer(108) is formed so as to cover the pixel electrodes. The insulating layer(108) is planarized by second mechanical polishing so that the surfaces of the pixel electrodes become flush with those of resulting buried insulating layers(112, 113). Since the pixel electrode surfaces have no steps, such problems as alignment failures of a liquid crystal material and a contrast reduction due to diffused reflection of light can be prevented.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes: a) a thin film transistor layer comprising a source region, a channel region and a drain region; the thin film transistor layer further comprising a drain offset region positioned between the drain region and the channel region; b) the channel region being substantially polycrystalline and having a first average crystalline grain size; and c) the drain offset region being substantially polycrystalline and having a second average crystalline grain size, the second average crystalline grain size being larger than the first average crystalline grain size. A method for forming such a construction using polycrystalline materials, preferably polysilicon, and an amorphizing silicon implant with subsequent recrystallization is also disclosed.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method of forming an electrical connection in an integrated circuitry device. According to one preferred implementation, a diffusion region is formed in semiconductive material. A conductive line is formed which is laterally spaced from the diffusion region. The conductive line is preferably formed relative to and within isolation oxide which separates substrate active areas. The conductive line is subsequently interconnected with the diffusion region. According to another preferred implementation, an oxide isolation grid is formed within semiconductive material. Conductive material is formed within the oxide isolation grid to form a conductive grid therein. Selected portions of the conductive grid are then removed to define interconnect lines within the oxide isolation grid. According to another preferred implementation, a plurality of oxide isolation regions are formed over a semiconductive substrate.

Abstract: A method of programming a semiconductor memory includes forming a multiplicity of fuse links in at least two mutually parallel planes in a semiconductor body, and separating the fuse links from one another with an electrical insulator. It also includes irradiating a selected fuse link with at least two laser beams and melting the selected fuse link by crossing the laser beams at the selected fuse link.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing particles in reactors. The apparatus includes an enclosure with a wafer handling chamber connected by an isolation gate valve to a processing chamber. Pipes deliver purge gas into the wafer handling chamber to eliminate particles from the enclosure. A pilot operated back pressure regulator regulates the delivery and removal of the purge gas. The apparatus actuates the isolation gate valve in a controlled rate to reduce disturbances from the purge gas entering into the enclosure. A Bernoulli wand is provided for lifting and holding a single semiconductor wafer. A dome loaded regulator actuated by a pilot gas is used to control the ramp rates of gas to the Bernoulli wand. The ramping rates of the Bernoulli wand gas can be controlled by restrictions and check valves in the pilot gas line. The apparatus also utilizes ionizers in the purge gas lines entering the wafer handling chamber and load locks.

Abstract: A method for forming an electrical interconnect overlying a buried contact region of a substrate is characterized by a deposition of a first polycrystalline silicon layer and the patterning and etching of same to form a via. The via is formed in the first polycrystalline silicon layer to expose the substrate and a second polycrystalline silicon layer is formed in the via to contact the substrate. Portions of the second polycrystalline silicon layer overlying the first polycrystalline silicon layer are removed eliminating any horizontal interface between the two polycrystalline silicon layers. The first polycrystalline silicon layer remaining after the etch is then patterned to form an electrical interconnect.

Abstract: A new process for depositing titanium metal layers via chemical vapor deposition is disclosed. The process provides deposited titanium layers having a high degree of conformality, even in trenches and contact openings having aspect ratios greater than 1:5. The reaction gases for the improved process are titanium tetrachloride and a hydrocarbon gas, which for a preferred embodiment of the process is methane. The reaction is carried out in a plasma environment created by a radio frequency source greater than 10 KHz. The key to obtaining titanium metal as a reaction product, rather than titanium carbide, is to set the plasma sustaining electrical power within a range that will remove just one hydrogen atom from each molecule of the hydrocarbon gas. In a preferred embodiment of the process, highly reactive methyl radicals (CH3-) are formed from methane gas. These radicals attack the titanium-chlorine bonds of the tetrachloride molecule and form chloromethane, which is evacuated from the chamber as it is formed.

Abstract: An electrical interface arrangement includes a buss bar having a longitudinal edge that is substantially smooth and free of conductive tabs. A conductive member is arranged adjacent to the longitudinal edge of the buss bar, and contacts the buss bar with at least 40 A-spots per inch, along substantially an entire length of the buss bar. A circuit board having a plurality of internal planes is provided, with at least one of the internal planes being an internal power plane, and with at least another one of the internal planes being an internal wiring plane having a plurality of conductive wirings. The circuit board further has an arrangement for electrically connecting the conductive member to the internal power plane without interfering with a placement of the conductive wirings, so that the circuit board and the buss bar are in electrical communication.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit board connecting structure capable of connecting a circuit board, such as a flexible wiring board, and another circuit board by securing adequate contact pressure without the need for forming any special part thereby improving the reliability of contact and reducing the number of parts; an electro-optical device; electronic apparatus provided with the same; and a manufacturing method for an electro-optical device. The circuit board connecting structure electrically connects a conductive terminal 22-1 provided on a flexible wiring substrate 20, which is a first circuit board, and a conductive terminal 12 provided on a second circuit board 10.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for preventing damage to memory cards, memory card connectors, host electronics, and other electronic devices by only allowing intended electronic devices to mate with the connector for which it is intended and/or determining when an electronic device has been inserted into a connector upside down.

Abstract: An IC socket which has a moving plate provided so that it can laterally move with respect to a base member, an operation member vertically moveably provided with respect to the base member, and at least one actuation member for moving contact pins arranged on the base member from a contact position to a non-contact position with respect to terminals of an IC package by laterally moving the moving plate in accordance with the depression of the operation member. The actuation member is arranged along the end surface of the moving plate.

Abstract: A plastic covering 32 of an electric wire 30 is removed, exposing a core wire 31, this core wire 31 being attached to core wire receiving members 13 of a lamp body 10. Attaching a bulb socket 20 to the lamp body 10 causes the core wire to be resiliently held between contact members 24D of the bulb socket 20 and the core wire receiving members 13, thereby connecting the bulb socket 20 and the electric wire 30. The core wire 31 makes direct contact with the contact members 24D, and therefore connecting terminals are not required between the bulb socket 20 and the electric wire 30, the number of components is thus decreased.

Abstract: A modular jack assembly with an indicator comprises a housing (19) made of an insulative material and consisting of two tiers, each tier having at least one through-hole (15) and at least one opening (18a or 18b) for receiving a mating connector. The modular assembly further comprises at least one light transmission means (11D) for transmitting light, which is provided in the through-hole and has a light receiving member (13) at one end for receiving light from a corresponding light source (6a OR 6b) mounted on a board outside of the modular jack assembly and disposed in a line along a rear wall of the housing and an indicator member at the other end for displaying the light to the outside of the modular jack assembly. The transmission means provided in the through-hole of an upper tier extends upwardly from the light receiving member along the rear wall, bent at right angles into an upper wall of the upper tier and then bent diagonally along the upper wall of the upper tier.

Abstract: A support supports a circuit board in a non-interferingly manner with electrical contacts in a watthour meter socket adapter housing. In one aspect, slots are formed in posts and receive opposed ends of the circuit board. An end support post having an outwardly projecting, downwardly inclined top surface provides a snap connection of the circuit board to the housing. Alternately, the support includes legs carrying conductive elements formed on the circuit board and extending through apertures in the base of the housing for electrical connection external of the socket adapter. In another aspect, a circuit board is provided with contacts along one edge which form spring jaws for receiving a terminal. A conductive tab on the circuit board resiliently completes an electrical circuit between a contact in the housing and a circuit or electrical component on the circuit board. The supports also releasably receive flanges on electrical components for direct mounting of the components.

Abstract: Anti-static cleanroom products having a coating of conductive polymeric particulates which decreases the surface resistivity of the products. Preferably, the particulates are pyrrole polymers. The anti-static properties are achieved by depositing conductive polymer particles onto the non-conductive substrate surface. The anti-static products include cleanroom wipers, stationery products (notebooks and writing instruments), garments and swabs (polyurethane foam tipped). The cleanroom stationery products include notebooks comprising polyethylene impregnated with silica. The invention also includes anti-static plastic gloves.

Abstract: A wafer polishing head for planarizing a wafer. The wafer polishing head comprises a carrier, a retaining ring, a first pressure chamber, a second pressure chamber and an automatic control system. The retaining ring is surrounding the carrier. The first pressure chamber having a first inner pressure is disposed above the retaining ring. The second pressure chamber having a second inner pressure is disposed on the carrier. The automatic control system is respectively coupled to the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber.

Abstract: Magnetic recording media are provided having separately textured data and read/write head landing zones. Separating these zones on the recording surface allows independent optimization of the topology to maximize both recording characteristics and mechanical durability. The landing or contact start stop zone has an average surface roughness greater than that of the data zone. Preferably, a transition zone extends between the contact start stop zone and the data zone, the transition zone varying between the two in average surface roughness. Preferably, the contact start stop zone is textured first, followed by the data zone, thereby ensuring uniform stiction performance. Texture machines for producing such zone texturing and texturing methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for planarizing a microelectronic substrate. The apparatus can include a planarizing medium having a relatively hard polishing pad and a planarizing liquid disposed on a generally non-porous planarizing surface of the polishing pad. The planarizing liquid can include a colloidal suspension of colloidal particles having generally smooth external surfaces. The colloidal particles can have a variety of shapes, including a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a cubic shape, and a hexagonal shape, among others. The colloidal particles can be formed from a variety of materials, including silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, and cerium oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the field of semiconductor processing and, more particularly, to a method of planarizing or polishing process layers formed above a surface of a semiconducting substrate. In one illustrative embodiment, the method comprises determining the thickness of a process layer formed above a semiconducting substrate and determining a polishing recipe for said process layer based upon the measured thickness of said process layer.

Abstract: A polishing head for performing chemical-mechanical polishing on a linear polisher has a dual stage wafer carrier assembly that incorporates a removable subcarrier. When in use, a main pressure chamber exerts a downforce on the subcarrier housing, while a separate secondary pressure chamber residing between the subcarrier housing and the subcarrier exerts a slightly different downforce on the subcarrier. Since the second pressure chamber exerts the downforce pressure directly on the subcarrier, the direct pressure application, as well as a more uniform distribution of pressure ensures for an improvement to the uniformity of pressure distribution. Additionally, the easily removal subcarrier allows for faster and easier removal of the subcarrier for cleaning and maintenance, as well as for changing inserts and improving process repeatability.

Abstract: A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus. The carrier head includes a housing, a base, a loading mechanism, a gimbal mechanism, and a substrate backing assembly. The substrate backing assembly includes a support structure positioned below the base, a substantially horizontal, annular flexure connecting the support structure to the base, and a flexible membrane connected to the support structure. The flexible membrane has a mounting surface for a substrate, and extends beneath the base to define a chamber.

Abstract: A mobile phone system with a mobile phone having internal accounting capabilities for real time call debiting to account for the billing parameters of a mobile phone unit that is operated in a multi zone communication network with a complex rate structure, the mobile phone unit having an internal processor with accessible internal memory for storing the accounting program and call data for each call, a clock and circuit means for activating and deactivating the phone, the accounting program including an updatable rate table and a complex billing algorithm for calculating the account status on the fly including multiple rate structure factors such as long distance calls, international calls with country independent local charges, charges for roaming per day and/or roaming per minute, and call surcharges, where the account status of the mobile phone is calculated in real time for decrementing a debit account or calculating an account charge on demand, the mobile debit phone having a signal for alerting the user

Abstract: Systems and methods for playing live casino-type card games, in particular blackjack. The systems include a presentation unit which has video displays which portray virtual playing cards and other information at gaming tables attended by live participants. Shuffling, cutting, dealing and return of playing cards are accomplished using data processing functions within an electronic game processor or processors which enable these functions to be performed quickly and without manual manipulation of playing cards. The invention allows casinos to speed play and reduce the risk of cheating while maintaining the attractive ambiance of a live table game.

Abstract: In an image processing device composed such that it can display a prescribed object whilst changing the shape of said object, there are provided: a first memory for recording information for first polygons 201 which form said object, and a second memory for recording information for second polygons 202, which form said object and are linked to said first polygons; and when the shape of said object is changed, the shapes of said second polygons are changed such that no gaps are produced between said first polygons 201 and said second polygons 202.

Abstract: An automated apparatus for installation of a handgrip on a golf club shaft is disclosed herein. The handgrip is installed on the golf club shaft in a dry state. The present invention does not utilize solvents, lubricants or the like for the installation of the handgrip onto the golf club shaft. The apparatus has a taping mechanism for automatically wrapping a double-sided tape onto the butt end of the golf club shaft. The apparatus also has a gripping mechanism for preparing a grip for automated installation on a shaft while in a dry state. The apparatus also has a shaft shuttle mechanism for transferring the golf club shaft from the taping mechanism to the gripping mechanism. The gripping mechanism has means for expanding the handgrip prior to placement on the butt end of the golf club shaft.

Abstract: A short pitch tooth chain that reduces the level of impact noise generated during operation is disclosed. A chain system includes a first sprocket having a plurality of sprocket teeth spaced apart by a first distance, a second sprocket also having a plurality of sprocket teeth spaced apart by the first distance, and a short pitch tooth chain wrapped around the first and second sprockets. The short pitch tooth chain includes a first link having a first aperture spaced from a second aperture by a second distance, a second link having a first toe spaced from a second toe by the first distance, the second link having a third aperture and being connected to the first link by a first pin extending through the first and third apertures, and a third link having a third toe spaced from a fourth toe by the first distance, the third link having a fourth aperture and being connected to the first link by a second pin extending through the second and fourth apertures.

Abstract: A device and method is shown for invoking a muscle's natural involuntary, reflexive response or stretch reflex by imparting a sudden increase in load on the muscle over a defined period of time from a predetermined base load at which the muscle has assumed a baseline tonus, and over a predetermined amplitude of motion. The muscle is stimulated by cycling the load with a frequency of between 1 and 60 Hz, or more preferably between 10 and 30 Hz, and an amplitude of displacement of the muscle between 2 and 50 mm, or more preferably between 5 and 10 mm. The force input to the muscle can be provided by either the mass of the body to which the muscle is connected or by an external mass or resistance to motion. A seesaw platform can be oscillated in a vertical direction at the correct frequency and amplitude. Alternatively, a surface adapted to be fixed to a portion of the body can be oscillated relative to an external mass or other element that resists motion due to gravitational, frictional or inertial forces.

Abstract: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disease for which the exact etiology is unknown and for which there is no reliably effective treatment. However, it is known that the bladder epithelium is often abnormal in IC. We discovered that human bladder epithelial cells from both normal controls and IC patients are inhibited from proliferating by an anti-proliferative factor (APF) present in IC urine specimens. Inhibited proliferation may cause epithelial abnormalities characteristic of IC such as ulcerations and multiple tears in the bladder epithelium.

Abstract: A method of suppressing immune responses, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising a substance capable of reducing the content of reductive glutathione in macrophages.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for use with substrates which are useful in the sustained delivery of bioeffecting agents are described. The compositions of the invention include a multicomponent complex which attaches a bioeffecting agent to a substrate with an anchor provided by a linker compound which also forms a cleavable linkage so that the bioeffecting agent's release into the area surrounding the substrate occurs in a sustained manner over an extended period of time. The methods of the invention involve providing a bioeffecting composition on the surface of a substrate so that a bioeffecting agent may be released in a sustained manner over time.

Abstract: A process for feeding a pet food supplement or diet to an overweight canine for the purpose of promoting weight loss, increasing lean body mass, and enhancing the satiety of the animal is provided. The supplement or diet contains an effective amount of L-carnitine.

Abstract: A structural element having a plurality of recycled, convoluted scrap metal turnings or shavings disposed randomly within a transparent plastic moldment. The turnings or shavings are interlocked with each other and with the plastic and substantially fill the moldment. A method of forming the structural element is disclosed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a molding composition having an excellent properties to seal carbon dioxide. The composition is made of fluoro thermoplastic elastomer having a reinforcing filler such as carbon black or white carbon having a particle diameter of not more than 100 nm. The composition can be used as a sealing materials such as O-ring, oil seal, gasket, hose, tube or diaphragm for sealing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following adhesive which is good in durability in bonding a glass plate and a resin composition containing a butyl type rubber. The present invention provides the following adhesive which is particularly suitable as an adhesive for bonding a glass plate and a resin composition containing a butyl type rubber, for a double glazing employing a spacer comprising a resin composition containing a butyl type rubber.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor having an emitter(s) and a detector, with a layer having a first portion of the emitter and a second portion of layer over the detector is provided. A barrier is included between the first and second portions of the overlying layer to substantially block radiation of the wavelengths emitted by the emitter(s). Preferably, the barrier reduces the radiation shunted to less than 10% of the radiation detected, and more preferably to less than 1% of the radiation detected.

Abstract: The present invention provides ultrasound-guided ablation catheters and methods for their use. In one embodiment, a tissue ablation apparatus (2) includes a flexible elongate body (12) having proximal (14) and distal (12) ends. A plurality of spaced-apart electrodes (24) are operably attached to the flexible body near the distal end. A plurality of transducer elements (28) are disposed between at least some of the electrodes. Transducers assist the physician in determining whether or not the ablation elements are in contact with the tissue to be ablated.

Abstract: A technicue for determining blood flow in a living body by changing the thermal energy level by a predetermined amount at a site in a blood flow path and detecting temperatures at locations upstream and downstream of the site. The temperature difference at such locations is determined and the blood flow is calculated as a function of the change in energy level and of the temperature differences measured prior to and following the change in energy level.

Abstract: A penetrator for penetrating a stopper sealing an opening in a container. The penetrator includes a stamped piece of sheet material formed to define a shank having a length. A groove extends along the length of the shank. The shank has a pointed distal. The stamped piece of sheet material further includes a bearing plate extending from the shank at a proximal end opposite the distal end of the shank.

Abstract: A penetrator for penetrating a stopper sealing an opening in a container. The penetrator includes a stamped piece of sheet material formed to define a shank having a length. A groove extends along the length of the shank. The shank has a pointed distal. The stamped piece of sheet material further includes a bearing plate extending from the shank at a proximal end opposite the distal end of the shank.