Abstract: A TV camera system comprises a TV camera unit and a lens unit that can be attached to, and detached from, the TV camera unit. The lens unit includes an iris mechanism the operation of which is controlled by signals from the TV camera unit. The TV camera unit and lens unit are electrically connected by means of a cable that also includes an amplifier section that amplifies the signals sent from the TV camera unit to control the operation of the iris.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element, a light shielding portion, a planarized layer, a color filter, another planarized layer and an undercoat layer are formed successively on a semiconductor substrate, followed by forming resin lenses. The undercoat layer positioned between adjacent resin lenses is subjected to an etching treatment with the resin lenses used as a resist mask so as to form ditches extending in the X- and Y-directions and other ditches extending in the XY-direction. Further, a transparent resin layer having a predetermined thickness is formed to cover the resin lenses and the ditches, thereby obtaining a solid image-pickup device comprising a micro lens array including a plurality of micro lenses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a digital camera in which the start-up time which is from when a power source is turned on until the digital camera is in a state in which photographing is possible is short. A DC motor and a stepping motor are driven simultaneously. A cord plate which is provided in advance at an outer circumferential surface of a rotating cylinder is detected. Then, the stepping motor is driven to move the focus lens by a movement amount corresponding to a detected range of the cord plate. When the setting of various types of components necessary for photographing other than the lens groups has finished, even if the zoom lens groups (forward lens group and backward lens group) are moving to their home positions, the digital camera is in a state in which photographing is possible.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image decoding apparatus, a semiconductor device, and a image decoding method, capable of outputting images simultaneously using different formats. In the image decoding apparatus, an MPEG decoding portion 1 decodes an inputting coded data and stores the decoded data in an external memory portion 12. A decoded data reading portion 2 reads decoded data in the image output sequence from the external memory portion 12 and outputs the decoded data as the decoded data signal B1. A first image format converting portion 3-1 converts the decoded data signal B1 into a prescribed image format and outputs a first image output. Furthermore, a second image format converting portion 3-2 converts the decoded data signal B1 into a prescribed image format and outputs a second image output after synchronizing a second vertical image synchronizing signal A2, which is synchronized with a first vertical image synchronizing signal A1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a caption display method of a digital television which is capable of displaying a caption having a certain size and a font on an appropriate position of a picture having 16:9 picture ratio when a picture having 4:3 picture ratio or a picture having 16:9 picture ratio enlarged from the picture having 4:3 picture ratio is displayed on a screen of a digital television having 16:9 picture ratio.

Abstract: A non-linear editor is connected to video processing equipment through a serial digital video interface to edit high definition (HD) television video data. The non-linear editor includes a randomly accessible, computer-readable and re-writeable storage medium that stores a plurality of sequences of HD digital images representing a frame or field of HD motion video data. The non-linear editor provides a configuration control signal to identify processing to be performed on the HD video data and defines a video program to be rendered using the stored HD digital images. An input serial digital interface and an output serial digital interface in the non-linear editor provide the HD video data to be edited. A multiformat video router controls the HD video data sent between the non-linear editor and the video processing equipment. The router is video interconnected to the video processing equipment and to the serial digital interfaces of the non-linear editor.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device including first and second substrates, a liquid crystal composition layer provided between the first and second substrates, a plurality of drain lines and gate lines formed on the first substrate and crossing each other in a matrix form, a plurality of counter lines formed on the first substrate, and a plurality of pixels formed by adjoining the drain lines and the gate lines. At least one counter electrode is formed on one of the drain lines with an insulating layer therebetween. A layer on which one of the counter lines is formed and a layer on which the at least one counter electrode formed are different, and the one of the counter lines and the at least one counter electrode for one of the pixels are connected via a through hole.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal layer capable of coming into a light scattering state when no voltage is applied, and first and second transparent electrodes capable of forming an electric field to the polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal layer. The first transparent electrode has a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern disposed adjoiningly to the first electrode pattern via a boundary area between them. The boundary area has a width adequate to make transparent the polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal layer at its area corresponding to the boundary area, by the action of an electric field formed by the second electrode pattern and second transparent electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is provided a two-domain vertical aligned LCD with negative compensator. The liquid crystal molecules in each of the liquid crystal domains are orientated nearly perpendicular to surfaces of the transparent substrates with a little pre-tilted angle to the normal of said substrates when an electric field is not applied, the tilt angle projected on the azimuthal of substrate between the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in two domains are not equal to 180 degree, and the orientation of said liquid crystal molecules in two domains are oriented opposed direction. The structure that described above is obtained by ultraviolet exposure process.

Abstract: Support for auxiliary lenses (11) able to associate auxiliary lenses (11) with glasses (13) comprising a frame (20) supporting main lenses (14), for each of said auxiliary lenses (11) said support (10) comprising at least two attachment elements arranged along the edge of said lens (11), each of said attachment elements (16, 15) comprising at least a substantially U-shaped segment (16a), equipped with elastic means (22) to couple with a lens (11), at least the attachment elements (16) comprising a hook-shaped extension (16b) able to anchor itself to the frame (20) of the glasses (13).

Abstract: A pair of spectacles comprises two support elements (7) for engaging the nose of the wearer. Each support element comprises a pad (8) of an elastic material secured to a shank (10) with an enlarged head (11) adapted for retaining the support element relative to the rest of the spectacles by way of inserting the shank through said eyelet of the frame. According to the invention a peg (13) is inserted into the head end of the shank for providing a hard core inside at least part of the shank. Thus, easy mounting and safe retention are provided. The invention further comprises a blank for the manufacturing of the peg, and a method of manufacturing a pair of spectacles.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for developing a substrate by supplying a developing solution from a developing solution supply nozzle onto a surface of the substrate mounted on a predetermined position, and comprises the steps of moving the developing solution supply nozzle from a standby position of the developing solution supply nozzle outside one end of the substrate to at least the other end of the substrate without supplying the developing solution, and thereafter, moving the developing solution supply nozzle from the other end to at least the one end while supplying the developing solution. Therefore, the developing solution supply nozzle which is used once and has a possibility of a drip of the developing solution does not pass above the substrate, so that the developing solution never drips from the developing solution supply nozzle onto the substrate before and after supplying the developing solution for some reason or other.

Abstract: An image reading system and computer readable medium storing control procedures thereof, to obtain a final image by displaying a plurality of images read under various image reading conditions and comparing the images. The image reading system includes an image reading device that divides an image into a plurality of areas, reads the plurality of areas and outputs image signals corresponding to the plurality of areas. A reading condition input device sets first and second reading conditions under which the image is read. An image processing device converts an image signal corresponding to a first area, among the plurality of areas, into a first image signal based on the first image reading condition, and converts an image signal corresponding to a second area into a second image signal based on the second image reading condition. A display displays respective images according to the first and second image signals.

Abstract: A photographic system includes a photographic film having a unique identification code thereon. An identification tag is included with the photographic film; the identification tag bears a uniform resource locator that includes the unique identification code, and an associated password. The film is scanned after processing to generate a digital image and the unique identification code is associated with the digital image and stored in a digital storage device. A web server connected to the digital image storage device includes a resource identified by the uniform resource locator for accessing the digital image. A database accessible by the web server contains the unique identification code and the associated password wherein the resource is password protected and accessible by use of the password.

Abstract: The present invention aims at preventing deterioration of flatness of a substrate and contamination of a substrate-holding surface of a substrate holder, which are caused by a resist leaking into the back surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A digital camera loaded with a removable memory card storing image files and a print order file, in a wireless mode, sends the files to a computer via a handy phone set, and prepares a directory information file in which the files are virtually positioned in a preselected layer, so that the directory structure of the memory card can be reconstructed. The camera then accesses the handy phone set to send the files to the computer. The computer reconstructs the original directory structure and file names based on the directory information file and then prints out the image data of the image files in accordance with the print order file. The computer produces prints in the same manner as when directly reading the image data from the memory card.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus comprises an IRED for projecting a light beam toward a target object; a PSD for receiving reflected light of the light beam projected to the target object and outputting an output signal corresponding to a distance to the target object; an output circuit for charging an integrating capacitor according to the output signal of the PSD; and converting means for A/D-converting a voltage of the integrating capacitor after an end of a rangefinding operation in which a predetermined number of light-projecting actions by the IRED, light-receiving actions by the PSD, and integrating actions by the output circuit are repeated; wherein a plurality of rangefinding operations are carried out with a different number of repetitions therein, and the distance is detected according to respective A/D-converted values obtained by A/D conversions after the rangefinding operations. Consequently, conversion errors in A/D conversions are reduced, whereby the rangefinding accuracy is improved.

Abstract: A coherent laser radar system includes a pulsed laser oscillating a pulsed laser beam which is split into two parts by an optical divider. A first part of the two is transmitted as a transmitted beam via a beam splitter. A second part is supplied to a delay line via a coupling optics and others to be delayed by a predetermined time as a local beam, and is incident onto an optical coupler. The received beam from the target is incident onto the optical coupler via a scanning optics and so on. A photodetector carries out the coherent detection of the light beam coupled by the optical coupler. A signal processor computes a target velocity and the like from a signal generated by the detection and converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter. This makes it possible to solve a problem of a conventional system in that the system configuration is complicated and expensive.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for endpoint detection for the stripping of a particular material, such as photo-resist material, from a substrate surface. A beam of light is projected onto the substrate surface and the fluoresced and/or reflected light intensity at a particular wavelength band is measured by a light detector. The light intensity is converted to a numerical value and transmitted electronically to a control mechanism which determines the proper disposition of the substrate. The control mechanism controls the cessation of the stripping process and may control a substrate-handling device which sequentially transfers substrates to and from a stripping chamber.

Abstract: An angle compensation method compensates for the angle of the light-receiving surface of a photodiode disposed in an inclination detection device. The light-receiving surface is divided into four parts by an a-axis and a b-axis disposed perpendicular to each other and receives light reflected from an object surface that is an X-Y plane. The inclination detection device seeks the inclination of the object surface from changes in the irradiation position of the light reflected onto the photodiode light-receiving surface.

Abstract: A visual reinspection of circuit patterns using a reviewing apparatus is omitted from a semiconductor circuit pattern forming process to achieve the minute analysis of detected defects in the circuit patterns quickly. A fast pattern inspecting system comprises a calculating means for calculating the graphical characteristic quantities of the defects in synchronism with the detection of the defects, and a classifying means for classifying the defects in clusters by the calculated characteristic quantities.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating for measurement uncertainty due to atmospheric effects. In one embodiment the apparatus includes two sources separated by a predetermined distance and two target locations separated by a predetermined distance. The radiation at the target locations is combined to form an interference pattern onto a detector which generates a signal corresponding to the measurement having a substantially reduced error due to atmospheric effects such as temperature variations. In another embodiment the radiation from the sources crosses somewhere in the measurement environment as it propagates toward the target locations. In yet another embodiment the separation between the two sources is substantially the same as the separation between the two target locations.

Abstract: Input image data Ki for the black color component is divided into distribution data Tc, Tn, Ty, and Tk for the four color components C, M, Y, and K. The distribution data Tc, Tm, and Ty for the three color components C, M, and Y is combined to the input image data Ci, Mi, and Yi of the three color components C, M, and Y.

Abstract: A profile storing process (S1), a downstream profile preparation process (S2 to S4), a downstream profile judgment process (S6 to S8), an upstream profile preparation process (S6, S7, S9), and a profile judgment process (S11 to S13) are performed. When it is judged in the downstream profile judgment process that the downstream profile has been improperly prepared, or when it is judged in the profile judgment process that at least one of the upstream and downstream profiles has been improperly prepared, then the prepared profile(s) are returned to the initial state of when stored in the profile storing process (S15). Afterward, the series of processes from preparing the downstream profile are again executed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system which has: a wavelength-demultiplexing means for receiving a wavelength-multiplexed signal that a monitor-signal wavelength component is multiplexed to a plurality of main-signal wavelength components and demultiplexing the wavelength multiplexed signal into wavelength components; an optical switch for receiving the main-signal wavelength components demultiplexed by the wavelength-demultiplexing means and switching into either one of routes to output directly and to output through a bit-rate-selective type regenerator for each of the main-signal wavelength components;

Abstract: A spatial light communication equipment being capable of providing compatibility between two communication equipments placed opposite to each other and of providing, with simplified configurations, highly accurate seizure and tracking capability and excellent beam directivity for ultra-long-distance communication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispersion compensation monitoring device that can be applied for an optical communication system for dispersion compensation, and that can simplify the device configuration and reduce the number of procedures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for compensating for chromatic dispersion in an optical network. The method and system includes analyzing an optical signal at a first location in the optical network and determining if an eye of the optical signal has a desired shape at the first location. The method and system further includes automatically adjusting a dispersion of the optical signal at a second or at any location in the optical network if the optical signal does not have the desired shape; providing feedback concerning the shape of the adjusted optical signal at the first location; and automatically readjusting the dispersion of the optical signal at the second location based upon the feedback until the optical signal has the desired shape at the first location. The method and system of the present invention automatically compensates for dispersion in an optical system. This saves the network operator considerable time and raises the reliability.

Abstract: Detection of an optical pulse position uses an optical pulse string with a determined repetitive ratio and an electric clock signal with a same frequency as the repetitive ratio of the optical pulse string. A phase of the electric clock signal oscillator is shifted and supplied to an optical modulator. The optical modulator modulates the optical pulse string based on the electric clock signal and outputs a modulated optical signal. A photo detector converts the modulated optical signal output from the optical modulator to an electric signal. The phase shift amount of the electric clock signal is controlled to maximize an output from the photo detector. Additionally, a dither signal may be used in the control of the phase shift, more than the optical modulator may be employed, and/or more than color light source may be employed. The use of at least one of feed forward and feedback control provided by maximizing an output of the photo detector allows an optical pulse having a short width to be realized.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes a semiconductor laser, a polygonal mirror, which deflects a beam emitted from the semiconductor laser, an f&thgr; lens for converging the deflected beam onto an object surface, and a diffractive element located between the polygonal mirror and the f&thgr; lens. The diffractive element corrects a lateral chromatic aberration caused by the f&thgr; lens. The diffractive element is inclined such that the light source side edge of thereof is close to the polygon mirror and the other side edge is apart from the polygon mirror relative to the reference condition where the normal of the diffractive element is parallel to the optical axis of the f&thgr; lens. Further, the diffractive element is arranged such that a reference point, which is the center of the rotationally symmetrical diffractive surface, deviates from the optical axis of the f&thgr; lens in the direction away from the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A multibeam scanner for scanning an image area with a plurality of laser beams, comprising a plurality of beam emitting points that emit a plurality of laser beams reaching the image area with respective time lags therebetween, a time lag determination unit that determines at least one of the time lags during a predetermined calculation time, a scan controller that controls the plurality of beam emitting points to emit the plurality of laser beams successively in the image area with the at least one of the time lags determined by the time lag determination unit. The multibeam scanner of the invention, comprises a photodetector that detects any one of the laser beams at a predetermined beam detection position. The time lag determination unit determines the time lag between the nth laser beam and the n+1th laser beam.

Abstract: A solid state device used to modulate the intensity of reflected or transmitted light by modulating with an external voltage the optical thickness of a thin film ferroelectric placed in an etalon cavity is disclosed. The device is constructed by selecting a generally planar supporting substrate, preferably silicon or sapphire in order to be compatible with silicon integrated circuits. A dielectric stack consisting of alternating layers of different index of refraction materials, also specifically selected to be compatible with later growth of the thin film ferroelectric, is deposited thereon to form a partially reflective and partially transmitting mirror, followed by a transparent electrically conductive layer. The thin film ferroelectric is deposited on the conductive layer, followed by a second transparent conductive layer and a second dielectric stack. Leads are connected to the conductive layers and in turn to a voltage generator.

Abstract: A confocal microscope for observing the image of an object to be observed by scanning a spot light for illuminating the object through an objective lens, comprises an aperture stop for adjusting the numerical aperture of the objective lens; and a control unit for calculating a contrast of the image of the object corresponding to each focal position while varying the focal position of the objective lens along the direction of the optical axis so as to determine the height of the unevenness on the surface of the object from a change of the contrast, thereby setting the aperture stop to have the focal depth substantially equal to the height of the unevenness.

Abstract: An optical path changing polarizer has a polarizer including a polarizing element and a transparent protective layer disposed on at least one side of the polarizing element, an adhesive layer disposed on one side surface of the polarizer, and a repetitive prismatic structure disposed on the other side of the polarizer. The repetitive prismatic structure includes optical path changing slopes aligned in a substantially constant direction so as to be inclined at an inclination angle of from 35 to 48 degrees with respect to a plane of the polarizer. Each of respective refractive indexes of the adhesive layer and a material for forming the optical path changing slopes is not lower than a refractive index of the polarizing element or the transparent protective layer. The adhesive layer has a refractive index different by 0.1 or less from a refractive index of a surface layer of the one side of the polarizer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing a plurality of laminae for use in a mold suitable for use in forming retroreflective cube corner articles. Each lamina has opposing first and second major surfaces defining therebetween a first reference plane. Each lamina further includes a working surface connecting the first and second major surfaces. The working surface defines a second reference plane substantially parallel to the working surface and perpendicular to the first reference plane and a third reference plane perpendicular to the first reference plane and the second reference plane. The method includes orienting a plurality of laminae to have their respective first reference planes parallel to each other and disposed at a first angle relative to a fixed reference axis. At least two groove sets are formed in the working surface. Each groove set includes at least two parallel adjacent V-shaped grooves in the working surface of the laminae.

Abstract: A multibeam optical system that employs a laser source emitting a laser beam, a diffractive beam-dividing element that diffracts the laser beam emitted from the laser source to be divided into a plurality of diffracted beams exiting at different diffraction angle, and a compensating optical system. compensating optical system, which is afocal and consists of a first group and a second group, arranged at the position where beams divided by a diffractive beam-dividing element are incident thereon. The compensating optical system has a characteristic such that the angular magnification thereof is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the incident beam. The angular difference among the diffracted beam caused by the wavelength dependence of the diffractive beam-dividing element can be reduced when the beams transmit the compensating optical system.

Abstract: In an optical element (B1) prepared by integrally forming, on surfaces of a transparent member, a refracting surface (R2) for receiving a light beam, a plurality of reflecting surfaces (R3, R4, R5) with curvatures, and a refracting surface (R6) for outputting the light beam reflected by the plurality of reflecting surfaces, a reference portion (7) for defining the position of the optical element in a predetermined direction with respect to a Y′-Z′ plane including an incident reference axis (5) and an exit reference axis (5) of at least one reflecting surface of the optical element (B1) is formed on the optical element.

Abstract: A display device for displaying information is provided with an optical system for guiding the light of the display device to the eye, the optical system having, in the order in the proceeding direction of the light, an entrance face for receiving the light, a curved face for totally reflecting the light and a reflecting face concave to the eye side and adapted to reflect the light toward the eye. The reflected light is transmitted by the curved face and reaches the eye. Thus there is obtained a compact display device with satisfactorily suppressed aberrations.

Abstract: The invention provides a compact, low-cost zoom lens system comprising a positive lens group and a negative lens group. The system comprises a first lens group G1 having positive refracting power and a second lens group G2 having negative refracting power. The second lens group comprises, in order from an object side thereof, a positive lens 2-1, a negative lens 2-2 and a negative lens 2-3. The lens 2-1 is a plastic lens.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning an optical component (1) in a beam path (2), preferably in the beam path of a microscope, in particular of a confocal scanning microscope, multiple optical components (1) being arranged in aligned fashion in a mount (3), is characterized in that the mount (3), as a magazine carriage (3), is guided in a guide block (5) that is positioned in the beam path (2) and has an opening (4) for the beam path (2).

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror for vehicles has a mirror pane support and an adjusting device with a housing for adjusting the position of the mirror pane support. One or more spring elements for connecting the housing and the mirror pane support with one another are provided. The spring elements are part of the mirror pane support and/or the housing. One or more locking counter members interact with the spring elements to connect the housing and the mirror pane support with one another.

Abstract: A rotary magnetic head apparatus which can be formed into a smaller size is provided in a case in which signals of a plurality of recording tracks which are recorded on a tape-like information recording medium are reproduced by using a plurality of reproduction heads without depending on the arrangement of the recording tracks in the information recording medium.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit for a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus, including at least an AGC, a PLL, a LPF, an equalizer circuit and a detection circuit, wherein a coefficient compensation circuit is formed by defining a constitution of the equalizer circuit, an error detection circuit is provided which operates by receiving input from the detection circuit, and the LSI is formed by a plurality of analog and digital chips, and the analog and digital chips are connected by current-output type D/A converters connected to at least the AGC and the PLL.

Abstract: Methods and systems for self-servowriting a data storage medium are disclosed, including servoing to propagation bursts of a propagation pattern located in tracks other than an immediately preceding track. Reference levels used to position a recording head are accordingly kept in a usable dynamic range necessary to keep servo track spacing constant across the medium. The methods and systems are disclosed in connection with a rotary actuator having spaced read and write heads. Similar methods are disclosed for writing trigger or timing bursts of the propagation pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted for testing, in a non-contact manner, true/false property of bill, coin or magnetic card to be tested, comprises a non-contact type magnetic sensor 1 disposed, at a predetermined position of a carrying passage of the bill, in a manner close to the carrying path, and a testing circuit 2 for testing true/false property of the bill on the basis of a signal outputted from the magnetic sensor according as the bill is carried along the carrying passage. This testing apparatus permits improvement in the security and prevention of wear of bill and the apparatus itself.

Abstract: A cover seal closes an opening of a housing body and enclose a cover for the opening in cooperation with the housing body. The rigidity of the cover seal is reinforced by a metallic sheet or a multilayer synthetic resin sheet, so that vibration of the cover seal is prevented even if air stream in a seam between the housing body and cover acts on the cover seal from the behind. Noise can be suppressed.

Abstract: The rotational balance by weight of a rotational driving apparatus for a disk is adjusted in a state in which a hub or a dummy member equivalent to the hub is fixed onto a turntable while a motor thereof is driven. When the hub is mounted on the turntable, rotation with excellent weight balance can be achieved, resulting in prevention of vibration due to imbalance of weight.

Abstract: An inorganic insulation underlying layer and an organic insulation underlying layer are formed on a lower core layer behind a recording region. Also, a coil layer is formed on the organic insulation underlying layer. Therefore, the withstand voltage between the lower core layer and the coil layer can be improved.

Abstract: If a large external impact is applied to a magnetic disc apparatus, a slider jumps from a disc surface and rotates. When the slider jumps and rotates, its edges re-contact the disc surface to damage this surface. To reduce the rotation angle of the slider to control its position if an impact is effected, the present invention provides a roof on a load arm to reduce the contact angle at which the slider contacts the disc surface in order to relax the impact upon a contact.

Abstract: A gap film of a write element is provided between a first pole portion and a second pole portion. The second hole portion includes a third magnetic film and a fourth magnetic film. The third magnetic film is provided adjacent to the gap film and the fourth magnetic film is provided adjacent to the third magnetic film. The surface of the fourth magnetic film facing opposite the medium includes a first side adjacent to the third magnetic film and a second sides extending outward from the first side. The second sides inclines toward the opposite side from the third magnetic film at an angle of less than 90° relative to an extended line of the first side to eliminate recording bleed occurring due to leaked magnetic field.