Abstract: With a conventional cylindrical can method, a region used as a film formation ground electrode is a portion of the cylindrical can, and an apparatus becomes larger in size in proportion to the surface area of the electrode. A conveyor device and a film formation apparatus having the conveyor device are provided, which have a unit for continuously conveying a flexible substrate from one end to the other end, and which are characterized in that a plurality of cylindrical rollers are provided between the one end and the other end along an arc with a radius R, the cylindrical rollers being arranged such that their center axes run parallel to each other, and that a mechanism for conveying the flexible substrate while the substrate is in contact with each of the plurality of cylindrical rollers is provided.

Abstract: In a plasma CVD apparatus including a reaction chamber and a susceptor to form a thin film on a semiconductor substrate, a pretreatment step is conducted to form a surface layer on the surface of the susceptor so that the surface layer can prevent the semiconductor substrate from electrostatically adhering to the surface of the susceptor. The pretreatment step includes steps of introducing into the reaction chamber a gas containing, e.g., the same gas as the gas for use in a film-forming treatment, and forming a surface layer on the susceptor surface by a CVD process.

Abstract: The present invention controls the state electronic energy and generation of radical species by controlling the electron energy state using electromagnetic wave radiated into plasma and magnetic field, and by controlling each state of capacitatively coupled discharge, inductively coupled discharge and electronic cyclotron resonant discharge. The present invention further controls radiated electromagnetic wave power distribution through displacement current control, and controls uniformity in plasma processing through plasma distribution control. Still further, it controls the density distribution of radio frequency current flowing through the substrate, thereby preventing changes in characteristics of semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A method for aligning a wafer on a support member within a vacuum chamber includes increasing the pressure within the vacuum chamber to at least about 1 Torr before aligning the wafer. The wafer is introduced into the vacuum chamber on the support member, the pressure is increased to at least about one Torr, and the support member is lifted into a shadow ring that has a frustoconical inner cavity constructed to funnel the wafer to a centered, aligned position.

Abstract: A new animal brush having a head to be refillable with cardboard paper sticky therein extending a curve handle. The inventive device includes a cover, and snap closure. The slots all surrounded with bristles having bridges in the center of the brush head.

Abstract: A pet toy that projects a moving light beam in various directions to entertain a pet is provided. The pet toy comprises a hollow housing having an upper opening and a lower opening. A domed cover is pivotally attached to the housing and capable of closing the upper opening. The domed cover has a reflective material on an underside thereof. A light source is operatively received within the housing and capable of producing a beam of light directed upward through the upper opening. An electric motor is operatively received within the housing and capable of moving the light source. A power source is operatively received within the housing for powering the light source and the electric motor. A switch is located on the housing and movable to an on position allowing the power source to power the light source and/or the electric motor and an off position for preventing the power source from powering the light source and/or the electric motor.

Abstract: A leash assembly designed to accomplish a quick release or detachment of an animal from its tethered position and/or a quick re-attachment into a tethered position, the assembly including a lead having a release structure which may be axially movable along the length of the lead. A distal end of the release cable is connected to a rotating coupling assembly structured to removably connect a collar, harness, or similar attachment assembly to the distal end of the lead. An activation assembly may be connected adjacent to the proximal end of the lead and which when selectively positioned serves to orient the release structure into a disconnect position relative to the coupling assembly such that the components may be easily released. A quick release coupling assembly, of the type utilized by the leash assembly, is also provided for use in numerous other connection applications.

Abstract: A piston is reliably cooled from its backside by using an oil for lubricating portions around a crank pin of a crankshaft. An engine including a crankshaft is provided with lubricating oil bores to supply an oil from journals of the crankshaft to an outer peripheral surface of a crank pin. A larger end of the connecting rod is provided with a pair of opposed axial oil grooves in its outer peripheral surface, and with an annular oil passage connected to the axial groove in its side thrust face. A pair of cooling oil injection grooves each have one end connected to the annular oil passage and the other end directed to a piston while they are provided proximate to each other.

Abstract: A manually guided implement having an air-cooled internal combustion engine for driving a tool is provided. Disposed between an output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the tool is a centrifugal clutch, whereby a flywheel portion of the clutch and a fan wheel are fixedly disposed on the output shaft. The flywheel portion is secured on a suction side of the fan wheel that is provided with guide vanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a balanced pendulum mechanism that is useful in devices such as vacuum pumps, compressors, engines and blowers. The mechanism includes a pair of toroidal shaped cylinders originating from the centerline of a central axis, with each cylinder structurally arranged to receive and cooperate with a plunger attached to a pendulum arm that is pivotally anchored to the central axis. The pendulum arms are linked to connecting rods mounted to the crankshaft to complete the pendulum mechanism which is operable with or without lubrication.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for the actuation of the intake or exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine, in which an oscillating arm has a first end hinged on a support frame secured to the head of the engine and a second end in abutment on the upper end of the stem of the intake or exhaust valve; two electromagnets being provided in order to move, on command, the oscillating arm so as axially to displace this valve between a closed position and a position of maximum opening; the frame being connected to the head of the engine so as to be able to oscillate about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of movement of the intake or exhaust valve and the electromagnetic actuator further being provided with a device for adjusting the position of the frame with respect to the head, which is adapted to rotate, on command, the frame about the axis of rotation so as to maintain the mechanical play between the second end of the oscillating arm and the upper end of the stem of the valve at a predetermined

Abstract: The present invention offers a valve driving apparatus provided in an internal combustion engine. The valve driving apparatus drives an exhaust valve by using electromagnetic force. The exhaust valve is movable between an open position and a closed position. The valve driving apparatus includes an armature coupled with the exhaust valve, an electromagnetic coil for generating an electromagnetic force exerted on the exhaust valve, and a control means for controlling the electromagnetic force applied to the armature in the direction of the closed position of the exhaust valve when the exhaust valve is moving to the open position, in the fuel injection cut control, that is, combustion is suspended in the internal combustion engine. The present invention also offers a method for driving the exhaust valve, which comprises the steps of driving the electric current through the electromagnetic coil, biasing the armature and controlling the electromagnetic force applied to the armature.

Abstract: A system and method control intake air of an internal combustion engine. The engine has at least one combustion chamber provided with intake valves together with an intake manifold provided with a throttle valve. The opening and closure timings of the intake valves are adjustable entirely independently by electromagnetic drivers from the crankshaft position to control the amount of intake air supplied to the combustion chamber. The system and method provide a response adjustment to variable valve timing control of the intake valves for unthrottled intake air control.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes an elongate input shaft having a central axis. An input cam lobe is disposed on the input shaft and is eccentric relative to the central axis. A guide member is pivotally mounted on the input shaft. A frame is disposed in engagement with the input cam lobe, and is pivotally and slidably coupled to the guide member. A link has a first end pivotally coupled to the frame. An output cam is pivotally mounted on the input shaft. The output cam is pivotally coupled to a second end of the link arm. The output cam is configured for oscillating engagement of a roller of a roller finger follower.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes an elongate input shaft having a central axis. An opening cam lobe and a closing cam lobe are disposed upon the input shaft. The opening cam lobe and the closing cam lobe have a predetermined angular relation relative to each other and relative to the central axis. A rocker assembly has a first end and a second end. The rocker assembly carries a roller that engages the opening cam lobe. A first split frame member assembly is pivotally mounted upon the input shaft. The first split frame member assembly is pivotally coupled at a first end thereof to the rocker assembly. The first split frame member assembly is configured for being pivotally coupled at a second end thereof to a control shaft. A first split output cam is pivotally mounted upon the input shaft, and a link pivotally couples the first split output cam to the second end of the rocker assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for internal combustion engines of the piston engine type having at least one row of cylinders, comprising at least one fuel injector for each cylinder and at least one intake manifold for admission of air to the cylinders. The inlets of the fuel injectors are connected to a fuel channel arranged in the intake manifold.

Abstract: The available space within the apparatus housing (2) in the portable handheld work apparatus is limited so that the individual components have to be accommodated in a tight space. In work apparatus having internal combustion engines, this means that the carburetor (7) is flange connected directly to the engine block (12) in the region of the inlet opening (11). A spacer (9) is provided in order to avoid unfavorable heat effects on the carburetor (7) and to provide an advantageous mounting position. The spacer (9) is positioned between the engine (10) and the carburetor (7). The spacer (9) has a channel section (18) which runs diagonally to the respective flange planes (19, 20) of the spacer (9). This channel section (18) connects the intake channel (21) of the carburetor (7) to the inlet opening (11) of the engine (10).

Abstract: An engine starting device includes a first pulley mounted to the crankshaft of an engine for rotation with the crankshaft. A second pulley is mounted to an arbor that extends into a spring housing containing an elastic member. The elastic member is interconnected with the arbor such that rotation of the arbor in a loading direction loads the elastic member. A belt interconnects the two pulleys and a tensioner is mounted near the belt to selectively apply tension to the belt. When the tensioner applies sufficient tension to the belt, the second pulley rotates in response to the first pulley and crankshaft rotating. Rotation of the second pulley causes the elastic member to become loaded in response to rotation of the arbor in the loading direction. A ratchet wheel and pawl may be used to keep the arbor from rotating in the unloading direction. To initiate start up of the engine, the pawl is removed from engagement with the ratchet wheel.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cylinder liner for combustion engines and a cylinder liner which can be manufactured by the method according to the invention are disclosed. The method comprises a thermal spray-deposition, such as by an arc spray-deposition process, of a wearing layer on a supporting body and a spray-deposition of a protective or connecting layer on the wearing layer. The wearing layer comprises a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and the protective or connecting layer comprises a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. A melt retarder of iron, for example, may be interposed between these two layers. The melt retarder comprises a higher melting temperature than the two aluminum-silicon alloys, thereby preventing the wearing layer from partially melting when the cylinder liner is cast into a cylinder bore.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection of a crankcase (3) of an internal combustion engine (1) to a cylinder housing (2) of which at least one housing part is made of light metal. The housing parts (2, 3) lie with their respective housing flanges (4, 5) in surface contact one against the other and are clamped seal-tight to each other with the aid of retaining screws (7). The retaining screws (7) are of light metal and a curing liquid seal (18) is between the housing flanges (4, 5) so as to lie against both sides. In this way, a connection for a light metal cylinder housing (2) with a crankcase (3) is achieved by using light metal housing materials. A reliable seal is provided which is permanently resistant to the operating loads of the engine (1).

Abstract: An oil pan includes an oil reservoir and a pair of side walls facing the reservoir. A bulge is formed in each side wall. Each bulge defines an oil sub chamber connected to the oil reservoir. The bulges are formed integrally with the side walls by deforming the side walls outward. In other words, the bulges are not fastened to the side wall but are part of it. The oil pan is therefore easily and inexpensively formed by pressing. Further, since there is no joint between each bulge and the side wall, the oil pan has improved strength and durability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a monobloc 10.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a lubrication system having a crankcase lubricant delivery port adapted to deliver lubricant to engine components within a crankcase chamber and a cylinder lubricant delivery port adapted to deliver lubricant to engine components within a cylinder bore. In engines having inclined or horizontal cylinders, a cylinder lubricant delivery port can be formed through an uppermost wall of the cylinder, and lubricant distribution is aided by gravity. A different volume of lubricant may be delivered to the crankcase lubricant delivery port than is delivered to the cylinder delivery port. The present invention has particular advantages for use in two-cycle, direct-injected engines.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an internal combustion engine (1) especially of a motor vehicle. The engine (1) includes a combustion chamber (4) wherein fuel can be injected during a compression phase in a stratified mode of operation. A control apparatus (18) is provided for determining an injection duration in the stratified operation in dependence upon the pressure difference between a fuel pressure, which operates on the fuel, and a combustion chamber pressure present in the combustion chamber (4). A mean fuel pressure is determined by the control apparatus (18).

Abstract: A method for detecting a misfire in at least one truck or motor vehicle internal combustion engine cylinder by analyzing the values (Cg, n, i) of a quantity (Cg) characteristic of combustion and generated by observing the rotation of the crankshaft to detect the occurrence of a misfire. According to the method, misfire detection is suspended for a predetermined time when the analysis of said values (Cg, n, i) reveals anomalies originating in the transmission power line between the drive shaft and the vehicle wheels.

Abstract: A computer readable storage medium having instructions for controlling an engine includes instructions for determining a desired engine brake torque and modifying the desired engine brake torque based on current engine operating conditions to determine a requested engine brake torque prior to determination of control parameters, including at least one of an airflow and a fuel quantity, to effect the requested engine brake torque. Preferably, the desired engine brake torque is modified by combining the desired engine brake torque with an idle speed torque to generate a first intermediate torque, comparing the first intermediate torque to an actual engine brake torque to generate a second intermediate torque, generating a feedback correction torque based on the second intermediate torque, and combining the first intermediate torque, the feedback correction torque, and a third intermediate torque to determine the requested engine brake torque.

Abstract: The invention provides a throttle valve control apparatus provided with a throttle sensor which is in trouble at a low possibility and has a long service life, whereby an accurate output of a throttle opening degree can be obtained. The throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine has a throttle opening degree sensor constituted by an non-contact sensor using hole elements.

Abstract: An improved tube configuration for use in essentially fluid-tight connection with a suitable connector body which includes a multi-layer or single layer tubing having an elongated cylindrical wall having an outer surface and inner surface parallel to the outer surface. The inner surface defines an essentially unobstructed circular interior opening extending longitudinally through the tube. The tubing includes a first region in which the cylindrical wall is essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis running coaxially through the cylindrical interior. The tubing includes another region continuous to the first region, wherein the other region includes at least one corrugation in the cylindrical wall. The corrugated region has a cross sectional diameter which varies depending on position with respect to the corrugations longitudinal length and has a diameter different from the essentially uniform cross section diameter of the first region.

Abstract: A fuel injector assembly for mounting a fuel injector to a fuel rail and permitting alignment of the fuel injector with an engine head. The assembly includes a cup having an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion being connected to a fuel rail, the lower portion including an interior, an exterior, and a lower surface. The fuel injector has an inlet, an outlet, and a fuel passageway extending from the inlet to the outlet, the inlet being disposed within the interior of the cup. A collar can be disposed proximate the lower surface of the cup, the collar cincturing the inlet of the fuel injector. A ring cinctures the inlet of the fuel injector. A fastener is secured to the exterior of the cup such that the ring establishes an interference fit between the collar and the inlet of the fuel injector.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine equipped with a pair of intake ports for each cylinder and capable of controlling a quantity of air entering the engine by controlling an intake valve open timing and an intake valve closure timing of each of a pair of intake valves located in the respective intake ports, a two-intake-valve operating mode is used in a high-load, high-speed operating range, whereas a one-intake-valve operating mode isused in predetermined low- and mid-load, low- and mid-speed operating ranges to create a great gas flow within the cylinder. A fuel injector is located in a first one of the intake ports to allow air flow through the first intake port over all operating ranges.

Abstract: A pump arrangement is disclosed having a housing, a first pumping chamber within the housing, a drive shaft carried by the housing, and first pumping means arranged for rotation within the first pumping chamber. The first pumping means is driven by the drive shaft. A second pumping chamber accommodating a second pumping means is separated from the first pumping chamber by the housing such that the housing forms common separation wall. To provide a compact arrangement in which the first and second pumping chambers are reliably sealed from each other, the second pumping means is driven by the drive shaft via a magnetic coupling. Thus, the coupling comprises a drive rotor connected to the drive shaft and a driven rotor carried by the housing. The driver rotor and the driven rotor are separated by a separation wall assembly serving as a static seal to hermetically seal the second pumping chamber from the drive shaft.

Abstract: A tank-venting system includes an active charcoal filter (20), which is connected to a tank (10). An intake manifold (40) of an internal combustion engine is connected to a tank-venting valve (30). The active charcoal filter (20) stores fuel vaporized in the tank (10). When the tank-venting valve (30) is driven open by the control unit (60), air from the ambient is drawn by suction through the active charcoal filter (20) and the fuel stored therein is released to the inducted air. A pump (50) is provided for checking the tightness of the tank-venting system and is connected to the control unit (60). A switchover valve (70) is connected downstream of the pump (50). A reference leak (81) is arranged in parallel to the switchover valve (70). A throughflow sensor (90) and a temperature sensor (91) are connected forward of the pump (50) which detect the scavenging air quantity, which is used to scavenge the active charcoal filter (20), as well as the intake air temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor-operated flow control valve for internal combustion engines which has a longer useful life and does not cause a drop of torque generated by a motor at the start-up. A rotor shaft (9) is reciprocated with rotating motion of a motor (32), whereupon a valve head (2a) is moved to open and close an orifice for control of a flow rate. Specific frequency of a rotor unit (33) of the motor (32) is set to be higher than the secondary vibration frequency of rotation of a 4-cycle internal combustion engine. The rotor unit (33) comprises an integral magnet (25), a single ball bearing (27) and a resin-made magnet holder (26) for supporting these two members, the magnet, the ball bearing and the magnet holder being formed into an integral structure. The rotor unit is supported such that an outer race (27c) of the ball bearing (27) is held at its one end against an inner peripheral wall of a housing resin (14) and a preload is applied to the other end of the outer race (27c).

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine has an arrangement comprising a power part and a control part which are accumulated in a one-chip in an IGBT monolithic silicon substrate. The control circuit part has current limiting function of prevent the flowing of any current which is above a predetermined value as well as function of detecting malfunction heat generation by which a primary electric current is blocked compulsorily. The secondary voltage of an ignition coil is generated repeatedly below a plug discharge voltage so as not to generate spark discharge in the sparking plug when the electric current compulsory blocking is carried out, and energy charged in the ignition coil is emitted or discharged. With this arrangement, the one-chip ignition apparatus with high reliability can be achieved.

Abstract: A grilling surface, and a grease diverter, within a standard gas grill having a cover, base, and a gas burner. The grilling surface is formed of a series of integrally structured inverted and truncated pyramids, or cones, connected together, and having an aperture provided through each pyramid or cone, at its downward edge, to allow for drainage of grease therethrough, but to generally retard the direct access of flame to the food being cooked. A grease diverter, may be positioned below the grilling surface comprising a compound sloping plate, having its apex at the midpoint, and sloping downwardly to its front and back edge to divert grease away from the open flame.

Abstract: A heating stove which is constructed from a generally cylindrical hollow container having a concave or convex rearward end, a baffle plate, a front facing end including a door, an extended ashtray, an air intake mounted on the door, a base and a flue mounted on the top. The entire casing is glass lined and is preferably made from discarded or recycled hot water tanks although other containment shapes may be successfully utilized. The base consists of legs attached to the bottom of the stove, with two legs supporting the front and in the back. From an ecological point of view it would be desirable to recycle used or discarded hot water tanks for a useful purpose such as modifying the tanks into wood burning stoves, thereby reducing the environmental contamination and creating an inexpensive low maintenance heating device.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a burner assembly for igniting fuel from a fuel source, an upper housing for the burner assembly, and an elongate support member extending upwardly to the burner assembly housing to space the housing from ground level. A shroud is spaced from the burner assembly by the elongate support member, is configured for slidably engaging the elongate support member and is dimensioned for surrounding the fuel source. An emitter surface of the housing is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the burner assembly for maximum efficiency in warming of a preselected area by the heat emitted from the housing. At least three legs support the elongate support member above a base and define a space for accommodating a gas cylinder serving as the fuel source. A dome is mountable above the burner assembly and a single carton is provided for enclosing the disassembled assembly.

Abstract: The need for the delivery of insulin by injection can be reduced or eliminated by delivering an aerosolized monomeric insulin formulation. Repeatability of dosing and more particularly the repeatability of the blood concentration versus time profile is improved relative to regular insulin. The blood concentration versus time profile is substantially unaffected by specific aspects of the patient's breathing maneuver at delivery. Further, the rate at which blood glucose is lowered is increased by the use of monomeric insulin. Particles of insulin and in particular monomeric insulin delivered to the surface of lung tissue will be absorbed into the circulatory system. The monomeric insulin may be a dry powder but is preferably in a liquid formulation delivered to the patient from a hand-held, self-contained device which automatically releases an aerosolized burst of formulation.

Abstract: A device for the controlled inhalation of therapeutic aerosols comprises means providing individual patient parameters and/or aerosol parameters for the inhalation. The aerosol doses, such as the tidal volume and the respiratory flow, are individually adjusted on the basis of these individual parameters. Thus, the inhalation device may be individually adjusted to the patient to be treated.

Abstract: A hand-held compressor nebulizer suitable for vaporizing liquid medication, comprising a casing (2) and a motor-driven air pump (5). The nebulizer includes a liquid medication supply unit and a vaporizing unit. The vaporizing unit comprises upper and lower vaporizing chamber (9 and 6), said lower chamber (6) including a reservoir (12) for liquid medication from the liquid medication supply unit. The vaporizing unit includes a hollow conical member located within lower chamber (6) and defining an internal conical passage (11) having a relatively smaller upper end and a relatively larger lower end, said lower end being in communication with the air pump (5) for receiving an upward airflow produced by the air pump (5). The airflow increases in speed in the upward direction and creates a negative pressure upon exit from the upper end of the conical passage (11).

Abstract: An implantable flow control element is provided which prevents air from entering an isolated portion of a patient's lung. The element may permit air to escape from the isolated portion so that the element acts like a valve. Systems for implanting pulmonary devices are also provided.

Abstract: Method for the evaluation of the diving air time for a scuba diver equipped with bottles and with a computer for diving, comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery system for delivering nitric oxide to a patient to treat a medical condition includes a container, a nitric oxide generation chamber, and a pump. The container is designed to contain a nitrogen-containing compound. The nitric oxide generation chamber includes a heat source and is designed to generate nitric oxide from the nitrogen-containing compound. The pump is designed to transfer at least a part of the nitrogen-containing compound from the container to the nitric oxide generation chamber..

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining the circumference of a finger or toe joint, in particular a proximal interphalangeal joint, to be evaluated in the context of an arthritis examination of an examination subject, the joint is irradiated using a light source and at least one two-dimensional projection image is recorded using a camera apparatus. From the projection image, the diameter of the joint is determined by means of an automatic edge detection method, and the circumference is calculated on the basis of the diameter. Additionally, a diaphanoscopic examination of the joint can be made with the same apparatus, and the results combined with the diameter information to identify or monitor a degree or progress of the inflamation.

Abstract: A sheath for use on a closed loop Joule-Thomson cryosurgical probe, and the combination of the and the closed loop probe. The sheath is slipped over the probe, thereby separating the probe from the environment. The sheath has a grip which fits over the handle of the cryosurgical probe, and an extendible shroud which can be longitudinally extended to cover tubing and which are attached to the handle. The sheath has a hollow multi-lumen catheter shaped and sized to fit snugly over the cannula of the cryosurgical probe. The catheter is not thermally conductive, preventing transfer of heat from the ambient to the gas mixture, and preventing the freezing of tissues at undesired locations along the catheter. A thermally conductive cap or tip is attached to the distal end of the hollow catheter. The thermally conductive cap or tip fits snugly over the cold tip on the probe, and it efficiently transfers heat from the target tissue to the cold tip, which in turn transfers heat to the expanded gas mixture.

Abstract: A hair gathering construction for securing hair strands together preparatory for securement to the head of the user which includes a single layer of curable tacky material extending across an edge marginal region of the hair strands. A thin fabric strip may be used to aid attachment of the strands together and for handling purposes. A peel-off strip may be used to removably cover the tacky material. Exposed tacky material such as an adhesive is placed in a desired position on the natural hair of the user.

Abstract: The present invention describes a releasably attachable ultra violet light blocking shield preferably in the shape of a cup or closed end tip that envelops the wearer's finger(s) from the base of the nail to the tip of the artificial or natural nail; which purpose is to protect the wearer's artificial and or natural nails from yellowing due to exposure to the Ultraviolet light from artificial or natural sunlight. It is and can be composed of rubber, plastic, latex, foam, metal, wood, paper or any other such materials that are impenetrable by UV light. It is made of pliable materials is easily assembled and is readily stored.

Abstract: An applicator includes an application element configured to apply a product to eyelashes and/or eyebrows. The application element includes a support, and at least two rows of teeth. The rows of teeth are disposed transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the support. Each of the rows of teeth comprises at least two teeth extending from the support. The rows of teeth comprise a first row of teeth adjacent to a second row of teeth. The first row of teeth and the second row of teeth are spaced apart by a first distance. A pair of consecutive teeth of the first row of teeth are spaced apart by a second distance less than the first distance. An applicator system includes the applicator in combination with a receptacle for containing the product. Also provided is a cosmetic application method using the applicator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for delivering ozone to a workpiece. In one embodiment, fluid is sprayed onto a workpiece placed in an ozone-rich environment. Alternatively, ozone is mixed with the fluid prior to spraying the fluid onto the workpiece. When spraying the fluid, the invention pulses the fluid at desired rates to create a substantially uniform layer of ozone-rich fluid on the workpiece. In another embodiment, the workpiece is also slowly rotated during at least a portion of the time the layer of ozone-rich fluid is applied to the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fabrication of materials and structures having selected mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of these materials and structures in ion implantation systems. Structures comprising boron material provide components for use in implanters including arc chambers with which a beam of ions is generated for implantation into a target such as a semiconductor wafer.