Abstract: Drywall endcaps of the type that mate with drywall seam finishing material. The endcaps can be square or bullnose and cap the ends of exterior corners with either three 90 degree or other exterior angles, or two 90 degree or other exterior angles and one 90 degree or other interior angle. The endcaps can be made of two or three laminate layers with an inner layer that faces wallboard and a rigid or semi-rigid layer that can be optionally tapered. The semi-rigid layer can be high impact plastic. An optional outer layer is of fibrous material and is prepared to directly receive paint or texture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ventilation system for an attic or rafter space that mimics the appearance of the roofing material and thus has little effect on the appearance of the building. The vent has two pieces, a primary vent and a secondary vent and they may be made of aluminum, galvanized steel or copper. The primary vent is installed on a roof deck over a ventilation opening cut through the deck. The secondary vent is constructed to look like the surrounding field tiles and is installed over the primary vent. One or more vent openings in the secondary vent and an opening in the primary vent conduct air between the attic or rafter space and the outside. The secondary vent has a skeleton with one or more vent openings and a cap covering each opening shielding the ventilating space. Skeletons are formed in one piece and are made to fit each different size and type of roofing tile. The caps and the skeleton are ribbed for rigidity.

Abstract: A prefabricated building component, e.g. for incorporation in a wall, a floor, a roof or another building component, comprises a frame formed by lengths of lumber with heat insulating foam material provided in spaces between the lumber so as to form a heating insulating barrier. To reinforce the frame against racking forces, a reinforcement sheet of fiber reinforced composite material is provided on the barrier and the lumber at least one side of the frame.

Abstract: A sheet of plastics material is continuously extruded onto the upper run of an endless conveyor which carries aluminum vacuum mold plates each defining a cavity with a shingle pattern. The sheet is progressively vacuum-formed into the mold plate cavities, and opposite longitudinal upper and lower portions of the sheet are progressively vacuum-formed, with traveling plug assist in one embodiment, to define shingle panels with hook-shaped lower portions and upper portions defining grooves for receiving the lower portions. The upper portion of the sheet is punched with longitudinally spaced slots to form a nailing flange, and the sheet is then cut laterally at longitudinally spaced intervals to produce elongated siding panels each having integrally connected shingle panels. The shingle panels may have different bottom configurations or profiles and are interchangeable.

Abstract: The structural wooden joist described comprises a lower chord, an upper chord spaced from the lower chord and a laminated panel structure joining the chords. This panel structure defines an uninterrupted surface from one end of the joist to an opposite end thereof and has opposite upper and lower edges joined to the lower and upper chords respectively. The laminated panel structure is formed of a series of elongated planks adhesively secured edgewise to one another and extending vertically between the lower and upper chords.

Abstract: Reinforcement devices (10, 10′, 110, 110′) may be inserted into a cavity (6) of a hollow structural member (1) in order to reinforce the hollow structural member (1). The reinforcement devices (10, 10′, 110, 110′) may include a first elongated reinforcement part (11, 111) having at least one mating surface (15a, 17a, 115a) extending along a longitudinal axis of the first part (11, 111) and a second elongated reinforcement part (12, 121) having at least one mating surface (25a, 27a, 125a) extending along a longitudinal axis of the second part (12, 121). An adhesive resin material preferably adheres the first elongated reinforcement part (11, 111) to the second elongated reinforcement part (12, 121). The adhesive resin material may comprise a thermosetting resin that thermosets when heated. Thus, a thermoset product (31, 136) will connect the reinforcement parts (11, 12, 111, 121) after heating.

Abstract: An improved waterproofing system for concrete slab of a flat roof on a building is disclosed. The invention concerns a construction method for installing on the concrete substrate a waterproofing layer comprising hollow plastic panels of designed size, different thickness, and the groove and the tongue joint, and installing a supplementary waterproofing layer using sheet membrane materials such as asphalt sheet, metal sheet and other sheets on the vertical surface, especially the parapet of roof. The invention further concerns a construction method for applying fluid-applied materials after reinforcement with fiber mesh on their joint line to connect plastic panels on substrate with sheet membrane layer on the vertical surface. The waterproofing layer of sloped step type, hollow plastic panels of different thickness permits fast drainage of stagnant water, which inhibits weather damage to the waterproofing layer.

Abstract: A plant packaging system comprising a combination of a protective sleeve portion and a decorative cover portion having a base and skirt for packaging a potted plant. The protective sleeve can be detached from the decorative portion of the package system once the protective function of the sleeve has been completed, thereby exposing the decorative cover and allowing the skirt portion to extend angularly from the base. The protective sleeve and decorative cover components may comprise a unitary construction or may comprise separate components which are attached together by various bonding materials.

Abstract: Methods of making slide-zippered reclosable packages are provided. In one embodiment, a pair of opposing film extensions are provided on each package between which a zipper and slider are attached. In another embodiment, sliders are inserted on to zippered packages output from a form-fill-seal machine or the like. In yet another embodiment, during package formation a reclosable zipper is sealed to each package and then a slider is inserted on to the zipper. In yet another embodiment, during package formation a reclosable zipper is sealed to each package and a slider is inserted on to each zipper, either before or after zipper sealing.

Abstract: Methods of making slide-zippered reclosable packages are provided. In one embodiment, a pair of opposing film extensions are provided on each package between which a zipper and slider are attached. In another embodiment, sliders are inserted on to zippered packages output from a form-fill-seal machine or the like. In yet another embodiment, during package formation a reclosable zipper is sealed to each package and then a slider is inserted on to the zipper. In yet another embodiment, during package formation a reclosable zipper is sealed to each package and a slider is inserted on to each zipper, either before or after zipper sealing.

Abstract: Tissue clips are selectively turned 90 degrees on a bucket conveyor for endwise flat carton loading, or left alone for boutique carton loading. Extensible pushers engage the sides of tissue clips configured for flat cartons at longitudinally displaced positions for turning the clips and dropping them into transverse channels across the bucket floors. Boutique clips are later depressed into the channels they span for configuration and sideways transfer into boutique cartons. The channel floors lie below the bucket floors. Transfer guide buckets have floors at the same level as the bucket channel floors and are used to facilitate clip transfer into cartons of a selected configuration. Tamps descend from above the buckets to confine the clips and/or selectively form the boutique clips at least partially into the channels. Methods and apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method for refilling a system and apparatus for dispensing wet wipes. The system may include a housing, a tray and a cartridge. The cartridge has the ability to be inserted into the dispenser in a pre-selected manner based on the desired orientation of the wipes contained therein. The use of identifiers on or associated with such produced is further provided.

Abstract: The snaffle bit for a horse has two side rings and a shackle arranged between the two side rings. The shackle is provided with tow side portions and has at least one joint. The at least one joint defines an articulation axis. A bore is arranged in the end area of each of the side portions that is remote from the at least one joint and receives with play a respective one of the two side rings. The axes of the two bores defines a plane that is inclined at an angle of 45°±20°, preferably of 45°±10°, to the articulation axis of the at least one joint.

Abstract: An apparatus for mowing and rolling grass comprising a lower mowing-rolling unit, a handle coupled to the mowing rolling unit and securable in two or more positions, a first of said two or more positions for performing grass mowing operations, a second of said two or more positions for performing grass rolling operations, said lower unit comprising a rear driving assembly, a front roller assembly, a grass-cutting assembly interposed between the front roller assembly and the rear driving assembly, and a drive-train gear assembly coupling the rear driving assembly to the grass-cutting assembly for rotatingly driving said grass-cutting assembly during forward movement of the apparatus, said drive-train gear assembly comprising a first drive gear, a second transducer gear, a drive shaft and a third gear secured to said first drive shaft, whereupon forward movement of the apparatus drives said first drive gear which in turn drives said second gear, said second gear in turn driving said third gear and said first dr

Abstract: A method for making a pure buffalo yarn is disclosed and includes the steps of, scouring a buffalo fleece with detergent and water at a temperature of at least 80 degrees centigrade to clean the fleece, dehairing the buffalo fleece to remove unwanted course hair from the fleece to produce dehaired fine soft fibers, blending the dehaired fine soft fibers with an oil and water emulsion in a mixing picker to produce a mixed fiber, carding the mixed fiber at 50 weight percent of normal to produce a roving of straight and parallel fibers, spinning the roving to produce a yarn and twisting the yarn to increase the bulk and softness of the yarn.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby high quality, well-coalesced spandex can be made by dry-spinning a high-melting thermoplastic polyurethane, bundling the as-spun filaments into a side-by-side relationship, and passing the bundled filaments over or through a guide. The spandex made by this method has high-heat settability, high denier uniformity, good knittability and weavability, and provides fabrics having good surface uniformity.

Abstract: In order to monitor the efficiency of a ring spinning machine, the doffed bobbins are analyzed with respect to their weight and/or appearance during their transport away from the machine. The bobbins are preferably transported away on peg trays, which are guided past a weighing device connected to the machine.

Abstract: A silver filled gold jewelry wire item includes an inner precious metal core, such as silver, and an outer gold layer. The outer gold layer has a predetermined thickness of from about 0.0001 inch to about 0.002 inch, preferably no more than 0.001 inch thick, which is much thinner than durable hollow wires of at least 0.004 inch in thickness or greater. A forming process draws a gold sheet strip into an open channel shaped member into which a solid silver core is placed at ambient temperatures. The open channel shaped member is closed by further rollers at ambient temperatures and welding of a seam when closed about the solid core. The resultant solid tubular gold jewelry wire item resists damage from diamond cutting knives, and can be used to create jewelry rope chains, earrings and bangles.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a gas turbine engine that includes a high pressure compressor and a water injection apparatus for injecting water into a flow of the engine upstream from the high pressure compressor. The method includes the steps of operating the engine without injecting water into the gas flow of the engine, injecting water at a first flow rate into the gas flow for power augmentation once engine full power is about reached, and injecting water into the engine at an increased second flow rate for evaporative cooling of engine components downstream from the high pressure compressor.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine comprises at least one combustion chamber (1, 1′) for burning a fuel in timed explosions accompanied by formation of a combustion gas, at least one expansion chamber (3) which is connected with the combustion chamber and separate from the combustion chamber and which has a piston (4) for converting energy of the combustion gas into mechanical energy or work, and a cam gear unit by which a drive shaft (32) can be driven by the piston and which has a cam disk (31) and associated thrust member (30), wherein the thrust member (30) can be lifted from the cam disk (31) for carrying out irregular engine cycles independent from a continuous rotation of the cam disk (31), including a pausing of the piston (4) of the expansion chamber (3) at its top dead center.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating power includes a gas turbine unit having a compressor for compressing ambient air and producing compressed air, a combustion chamber to which the compressed air is supplied, a source of relatively high grade fuel for burning in the combustion chamber and producing combustion gases, and a gas turbine connected to generator and to the compressor for expanding the combustion gases and producing exhaust gases. The apparatus further includes a combustor that burns relatively low grade fuel, and produces combustion products, and an indirect contact heat exchanger responsive to the combustion products for heating the compressed air before the latter is applied to the combustion chamber, and for producing cooled combustion products. In addition, an energy converter is provided having an organic working fluid responsive to the exhaust gases for converting heat in the exhaust gases to electricity.

Abstract: An Advanced Cheng Combined Cycle engine is a combination of the Cheng Cycle or the Advanced Cheng Cycle and a combined cycle, and serves to further enhance the power generation capability of either the Cheng Cycle, the Advanced Cheng Cycle, or the combined cycle alone. A gas turbine is provided, having a turbine generating power, a compressor receiving power from the turbine, and a combustion chamber to which is input compressed air from the compressor along with fuel and combustion products for producing energy to drive the turbine, the gas turbine producing a hot stream gas. A heat recovery steam generator receives hot stream gas produced by the gas turbine and generates high-pressure steam therefrom. A steam turbine receives and is driven by high-pressure steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator. The steam turbine bleeds intermediate-pressure steam for cooling the turbine and for injection back into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.

Abstract: An NOx accumulator catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine is desulfonated by providing a plurality of intermittent rich/lean operating cycles of the engine wherein rich operation is at a lambda of less than 0.985, and wherein the duration of rich mixture operation is limited to reduce hydrogen sulfide emission.

Abstract: An exhaust header system for an internal combustion engine having improved exhaust gas flow characteristics. Primary pipes extend from openings in a flange bolted to the engines exhaust ports. The primary pipes come together at a collector pipe into which the primary pipes extend slightly. The ends of the primary pipes are substantially parallel, uniformly spaced around the collector pipe axis and have end surfaces lying substantially in a single plane. A generally pyramidal transition piece has a base corresponding to, and secured to, the primary pile end surfaces so as to cover the area between the pipe ends. The pyramid apex extends along the collector pipe centerline toward the exit end. The length and cross section of the transition piece is selected to provide a smooth transition from the greater combined internal cross section of the primary pipe ends to the lesser cross section of the collector pipe exit end.

Abstract: A hydrostatic continuously variable transmission includes a fixed capacity hydraulic pump and a variable capacity hydraulic motor, connected by a hydraulic closed circuit. A control system and method for the variable transmission provides a good deceleration feeling when going downhill. In accordance with the control system and method, a range of a selected gear is determined. Next, it is determined whether the vehicle is in an automatic gear shift mode. If these conditions are met, it is then determined whether or not certain criteria for descent control are satisfied. The certain criteria may include: (1) whether the throttle is closed; (2) a speed or acceleration of the vehicle; (3) whether the acceleration exceeds a threshold; and (4) whether simultaneous satisfaction of conditions (1)-(3) exist for a period of time exceeding a fixed time. If all of the criteria are satisfied, the gear ratio is shifted by a specified amount towards a LOW side.

Abstract: A multi-channel thermal regenerator for a heat engine comprising a coiled annulus of thin high-temperature sheet material coiled so that individual coils are in spaced substantially parallel arrangement in an annular configuration. In one embodiment the sheet material is approximately 0.002 inch thick stainless steel embossed in a rectangular array with approximately 0.008 inch high protruding dimples that space the coils. In another embodiment the sheet material is carbon having a plurality of fibers oriented generally circumferentially around the coiled annulus providing a higher thermal conductivity in a direction along the fibers. A ceramic string is woven between the coils radially across the annulus at a plurality of locations around the annulus to space the coils. The coiled annulus is preferably contained in a cartridge having a substantially open cage base with a plurality of bars that space the end of the coiled annulus from adjacent engine structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel apparatus for use as beverage container vending machines, beverage dispensers, transportable beverage container dispensers and glass door merchandisers, all cooled by Stirling coolers. The apparatus includes an insulated enclosure and a Stirling cooler having a cold portion. A plate or coil made from a heat-conducting material disposed within the insulated enclosure is connected in heat exchange relationship with the cold portion of the Stirling cooler. Heat transfer fluids, heat pipes and direct contact are different methods used to transfer heat from the plate to the cold portion of the Stirling cooler. The cooled plate or coil is used to cool a container or a fluid that is, in turn, used to cool either a container or a fluid. Methods of chilling containers and fluids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas cooled hydrogen storage element which includes a hydrogen storage alloy material in which hydrogen flow channels are provided. The flow channels provide pathways through the hydrogen storage material to allow for high speed hydrogen gas flow. A portion of the high speed hydrogen flow is stored within the storage material which releases its heat of hydride formation. The remainder of the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen storage material at a sufficient mass flow rate to remove the heat of hydride formation.

Abstract: An ice making machine controller system includes methods and components for making commercial quantities of ice pieces includes adaptive controls responsive to input sensors, output actuators, adaptive ice making control algorithms, adaptive ice harvesting control algorithms, diagnostics for operation cycle monitoring and communicating, and reprogrammable, expanded controller memory for reliable and efficient operation under diverse conditions.

Abstract: A food preservation refrigerator such as an upright refrigerator or a chest freezer comprises at least one food preservation compartment on which at least one corresponding closure member is provided, said refrigerator comprising a refrigeration circuit, driver means for controlling the operation of this latter and means for controlling the operation of any accessory user items provided in the refrigerator, such as an ice producer, ice cream maker or the like, said control means being associated with a user interface; this latter is positioned on the closure member. Remote connection means are provided to enable said driver means positioned on the user interface to control the various refrigerator components.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioning system, a non-contact temperature sensor having plural temperature detecting elements is disposed to detect a predetermined region within a passenger compartment. The plural temperature detecting elements are constructed by plural first elements each of which has a smaller temperature detecting area in the predetermined region, and plural second elements each of which has a larger temperature detecting area in the predetermined region. The non-contact temperature sensor detects an area, where a detail temperature-distribution information is necessary, using the first elements, and detects an area, where the detail temperature-distribution information is unnecessary, using the second elements.

Abstract: A portable soft sided insulated container has an impermeable liner that provides a liquid holding barrier. The liner is folded from a single monolithic plastic sheet to reduce or eliminate the need for heat welded seams. The liner seats within the container and has a releasable attachment around its lip for mating with the rim of the container. The container has an insulated lid so that the entire assembly may be closed. The liner can be removed for cleaning, or replacement if punctured. When not in use the entire assembly can be folded into a collapsed position for storage. The container has two storage chambers that share a common insulated dividing wall.

Abstract: A container filled with a freezable mixture for use in refrigeration or temporary cooling purposes. The container of the invention is generally one of the common metal cylindrical containers or cans but may also include both plastic and glass bottles. Normally such containers are unsuitable for holding a freezable mixture due to the expansion of the freezing mixture causing the deformation or rupture of said container. By using a fully soluble eutectic mixture, such as propylene glycol and water mixed at a ratio of 20% propylene glycol, an ice slurry is formed at the temperatures normally present in home freezers. A small gas space is also needed for expansion and contraction of the container contents. When a can or other inwardly flexible container is utilized, a positive pressure within the container, relative to the external pressure, can be maintained with a gas charge.

Abstract: A subcooling-type condenser includes a refrigerant condensation core and a subcooling core for supercooling refrigerant condensed by the refrigerant condensation core. A header portion corresponding to an entrance portion of the subcooling core is formed as a liquid refrigerant storage portion, and a capacity of the header Vh is set within a range of 100 cc≦Vh≦250 cc. Thus, subcooling-type condenser having a desired re-liquefaction function without using a separately formed liquid tank may be achieved, thereby reducing the condenser's size and cost.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prevent the adhesion of particles such as fine iron powders onto a glass substrate upon the production of a glass substrate for an information recording medium.

Abstract: A method for forming an optical glass element by pressure molding a glass pre-form using top and bottom molds, has steps of heating a glass pre-form held at a position separated from the top and bottom molds by a holding member within the top and bottom molds, pressing the glass pre-form while the glass pre-form is held by the holding member, and moving the bottom mold independently in an upward direction and pressing the glass pre-form again.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a glass melt.

Abstract: In an industrial glass furnace, which optionally contains recuperators, regenerators, electric boost or other devices for providing heat to glass batch material, at least one staged combustion oxy-fuel burner is mounted in the roof of the furnace to provide heat to melt the glass batch material by providing a flow of fuel to the oxy-fuel burner; providing a flow of gaseous oxidant in association with said the oxy-fuel burner; injecting the fuel and the oxidant into the furnace; and, combusting the fuel such that at least a portion of combustion is effected in the vicinity of said glass forming material to enhance convective and radiative transfer of heat to said glass forming material without substantially disturbing the glass forming material. In one embodiment, the oxy-fuel burner is adapted for injecting liquid fuels.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches design features that can be used alone or in combination to facilitate faster, more uniform flow of glass through the apparatus and allows the thickness of the sheet to be adjusted. An overflow device is provided at the far end of the trough and is used in conjunction with tilting of the apparatus to expand the range of glass flow rate and glass viscosity for which this invention will produce satisfactory product. The forming apparatus can be made with non-linear weirs and the trough bottom to provide a greater range of flow rates. The glass flow in the inflow pipe can modulated or a contoured trough cross-section used to provide more uniform time dependent flow for forming the sheet. The forming apparatus can include an orifice on top of the trough and glass can be moved through the apparatus using pressure. Additional orifices can be provided on the bottom or sides to allow greater variability in sheet thickness.

Abstract: A method of sewing the toe of a sock is provided which can automatically take out a sock pattern of knitted fabric from a sock knitting machine and sew up the selvedge at the toe portion of the sock pattern of knitted fabric thus improving both the efficiency of production and the energy saving.

Abstract: A pad lock mechanism is described having a body portion and a latch which cooperate to lock and unlock the device. The body portion has at least one body core and a biasing element disposed within the body core for biasing or displacing the latch a predetermined depth therein. The body core includes a locking mechanism and at least two channels for insertably receiving a latch. The lock mechanism is unlocked via a multipurpose key element which is configured to operate via a single handcuff key which alleviates worry associated with trying to find a single key from a ring having numerous keys thereon. The lock mechanism utilizes a simple T-shaped structure which forms a locking arrangement via single and dual recess latch configurations. The lock is made from a durable metal material which is impervious to rust and corrosion.

Abstract: A customer key actuated lock includes a retention mechanism which prevents counterrotation of the customer key plug subsequent to rotation from the locked position toward the unlocked position and further includes a release mechanism to disengage the retention mechanism.

Abstract: A round die type form rolling apparatus comprises: a pair of die moving blocks 15a, 15b rotatably supporting a pair of round dies 12a, 12b; four beam shafts 19 disposed around the rolling position of a work 33 being rolled by the round dies 12a, 12b and extending between the pair of die moving blocks 15a, 15b; and a push mechanism 20 for moving the pair of die moving blocks 15a, 15b toward each other. The die moving blocks 15a, 15b are moved, guided by the beam shafts 19, toward each other and the reaction forces generated between a pair of the round dies 12a, 12b by the rolling pressure are shared by the beam shafts 19 to prevent the round dies from escaping outwardly upwardly due to the reaction force from the work that is generated when the rolling pressure is applied to the work. This arrangement improves the machining precision of the work.

Abstract: A device for forming a cutting blade for prints is disclosed. The device of this invention forms cutting blades by appropriately bending and cutting a metal strip into desired blades through integrated work regardless of a difference in the size of metal strips. The device is also provided with changeable jigs, thus being capable of forming bridge notches having different intervals, widths and configurations. The device has one vertically movable bending pin and one swing cutter. The bending pin is capable of quickly bending a metal strip into a desired configuration, while the swing cutter finely and precisely cuts the metal strip into cutting blades. The device also quickly produces high precision cutting blades, thus improving productivity and reducing the cost of the cutting blades.

Abstract: In order to produce a metal bellows of a length of “Ls” for use in a heated atmosphere, the following steps take place. First, a blank of the bellows is prepared, which is a metal pipe having a plurality of bulges formed therearound. The blank has a length of “L” that is longer than the length “Ls”. Then, the blank is axially compressed by a length of “a”, so that the compressed blank has a length of “L−a” that is shorter than the length “Ls”. Then, the compressed blank is axially expanded so that the expanded blank has a length of “L−a+b” that is longer than the length “Ls”. Then, the force that has been applied to the blank is removed, and then the treated blank is left in room temperature until the time when the treated blank becomes to have the length of “Ls” due to the spring-back phenomenon.

Abstract: A reciprocating press for forming workpieces includes a tilting table that supports the workpiece and positions it with respect to the press tooling as the press closes, and then is pivoted upward into an inclined orientation as the press opens so that the finished workpiece falls down the table and is automatically discharged from the press. A preferred embodiment has a lifting arm attached to an upper reciprocating press member that carries an upper forming tool such as a punch. The lower end of the lifting arm engages the tilting table such that the table is pivoted about a horizontal axis in concert with the upward and downward movement of the reciprocating press member. The press preferably also includes a safety door that is automatically closed before the press fully closes and is opened again as the press opens such that operator access to the moving press parts is prevented by the door during a press cycle.

Abstract: A vapor sensing device that is sufficiently small and lightweight to be handheld, and also modular so as to allow the device to be conveniently adapted for use in sensing the presence and concentration of a wide variety of specified vapors. The device provides these benefits using a sensor module that incorporates a sample chamber and a plurality of sensors located on a chip releasably carried within or adjacent to the sample chamber. Optionally, the sensor module can be configured to be releasably plugged into a receptacle formed in the device. Vapors are directed to pass through the sample chamber, whereupon the sensors provide a distinct combination of electrical signals in response to each. The sensors of the sensor module can take the form of chemically sensitive resistors having resistances that vary according to the identity and concentration of an adjacent vapor.

Abstract: A gas concentration measuring apparatus is provided which measures the concentration of two kinds of gas components such as O2 and NOx contained in exhaust gasses of an internal combustion engine of automotive vehicles. The apparatus has a gas sensor which includes a first cell responsive to application of a voltage to discharge O2 in the exhaust gasses to the outside and produce an electric current as a function of concentration of the discharged O2 and a second cell responsive to application of a voltage to produce an electric current as a function of concentration of NOx in the exhaust gasses from which the O2 is discharged by the first cell. The apparatus offsets an error component of the electric current produced by the second cell which depends upon O2 contained in the exhaust gasses.

Abstract: A single car tester including a housing having a hanger to mount the housing to a car coupler or ladder of the car. Various configurations of valves and sensors are described to perform a single car test. The controller includes a program for uniquely performing the required tests.

Abstract: A single car tester including a housing having a hanger to mount the housing to a car coupler or ladder of the car. Various configurations of valves and sensors are described to perform a single car test. The controller includes a program for uniquely performing the required tests.