Abstract: A gas sensor 10 includes a sensor element 1 having a specific function, and a housing 5 containing the sensor element 1 therein and including a specific thread section 2 and a sealing surface 4 which forms a sealing section 3 together with an installation section at a position deeper than the thread section 2 in a direction in which the sensor element 1 is inserted. Release torque at 850° C. (1123 K) in the case where the housing is screwed into the installation section is 9 N·m or more, and an estimated value X1 of a gap formed between the sealing surface 4 and the installation section at 850° C. (1123 K) calculated according to a specific equation is 31 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: Leak testing a closed container with at least one flexible wall area is performed with the method and apparatus wherein a biasing arrangement compresses or expands the container under test. A biasing force is monitored with a force detector applicable to the wall of the container. The force detector generates an electric output first biasing force signal at a first po9int in time which is stored for comparison with the monitored biasing force signal at a second subsequent point in time to generate a different signal as a leak indicative signal. A difference signal is generated at the first point in time from the first force measuring signal stored and the first force measuring signal. This latter difference signal is stored as a zero offset signal which is used to compensate zero offset of the generated difference signal.

Abstract: The grade of oil used in a machine or apparatus can be determined by determining a temperature and pressure within an oil supply and determining the oil grade in response to determining the temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A system for estimating peak cylinder pressure in an internal combustion engine includes a pressure sensor producing a pressure signal indicative of pressure within an intake manifold of the engine, a temperature sensor producing a temperature signal indicative of temperature within the intake manifold, means for determining a charge fuel ratio corresponding to a ratio of in-cylinder trapped charge mass and in-cylinder trapped fuel mass, and a control computer determining a start-of-injection value corresponding to a start of fuel injection into the engine. The control computer is operable to estimate peak cylinder pressure as a function of the pressure signal, the temperature signal, the charge fuel ratio and the start-of-injection value.

Abstract: A system for measuring the relationship between the top dead center of the piston and the centerline of the cam lobe in an internal combustion engine, commonly known as “Installed Cam Angle”. A rotary encoder mounted to the end of the crankshaft, and linear encoders mounted over the piston and the cam lobe lifter provide data which is calculated to provide the angle between TDC and the cam lobe centerline. The method is useful during the build of an engine, particularly high performance and racing applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a flaw in a tire includes a voltage generator producing a high voltage pulse on an electrical conductor. The electrical conductor is oriented with respect to the tire to establish an electric field within the tire. Relative motion between the tire and the electrical conductor occurs such that an electric arc extends from the electric field through a flaw when a flaw is proximate the electric field. A flaw detection circuit is capacitively coupled to the electrical conductor and receives a signal indicative of a voltage signal on the electrical conductor. The circuit further includes means for determining if the frequency of the received signal is greater than a predetermined threshold frequency, and if so, producing an indicator signal indicating the presence of the flaw.

Abstract: A testing head for a high voltage non-destructive tire testing apparatus that is positionable inside the carcass of a tire to be tested without spreading the beads of the tire. The testing head includes a horseshoe shaped body portion with a pair of depending legs. An electrode is operably coupled at the end of each leg. One of the electrodes is attached to a high-voltage power source and the other electrode is attached to electrical ground. Each electrode may be attached off-center from the center of gravity of the electrode so that the electrode is positioned at an angle with the leg to which it is attached when the testing head is suspended by the body portion and the electrodes are not in contact with a tire or other surface. When the electrodes are brought into contact with the inner surface of the tire carcass, the electrodes rotate into a testing orientation wherein each electrode is substantially perpendicular with the leg to which it is attached.

Abstract: A change in physical properties of a fluid within an open tube which is caused by heating an arbitrary portion in the open tube by heating means is detected by using a detector disposed with a predetermined spacing from the arbitrary portion, thereby measuring the flow in the open tube. The present invention provides a method for measuring flow within an open tube, in which a mechanical error and contamination of a passage do not occur, as a method for measuring flow within an open tube having a very small diameter provided for the separation analysis field and chemosynthesis field.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel engine oil system which automatically or manually replenishes oil in the crankcase from an onboard oil reservoir system. An oil level indicator and oil refill device comprising: (a) a source of electrical power; (b) an engine crankcase; (c) an oil level float in the crankcase; (d) a first electrical contact point associated with the oil level float; (e) a second electrical contact point located at a predetermined level in the crankcase; (f) an oil reservoir; and (g) an electrical solenoid valve connected to the source of electrical power and the oil reservoir and normally in a closed position, the solenoid valve being activated when the first electrical contact point contacts the second electrical contact point and opening the solenoid valve and permitting oil to drain from the oil reservoir to the crankcase, said solenoid valve closing when the first electrical contact point rises with oil level and ceases to contact the second electrical contact point.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a resonator gyroscope including an isolated resonator. One or more flexures support the isolated resonator and a baseplate is affixed to the resonator by the flexures. Drive and sense elements are affixed to the baseplate and used to excite the resonator and sense movement of the gyroscope. In addition, at least one secondary element (e.g., another electrode) is affixed to the baseplate and used for trimming isolation of the resonator. The resonator operates such that it transfers substantially no net momentum to the baseplate when the resonator is excited. Typically, the isolated resonator comprises a proof mass and a counterbalancing plate.

Abstract: In an accelerometer in which a frame supporting a pendulum through hinges is held between a pair of opposed housings and a displacement of the pendulum is detected as changes in electrostatic capacitances between electrodes formed on both sides of the pendulum and electrodes surfaces formed integrally with the housings in opposing relation to the electrodes, a C-shaped outer ring having a slit formed in its periphery is mounted around the housings and bonded thereto by a conductive adhesive to provide conduction between the housings. The-shaped configuration of the outer ring effectively prevents thermal stress from being produced in the outer ring, suppressing development of cracks in the conductive adhesive which causes changes in the conduction between the housings.

Abstract: A flexible piezoelectric-based transducer, mounted on a circumference of a rotating object senses acoustical energy traversing portions of the object. In a preferred embodiment, the transducer is affixed, using a suitable adhesive, within the enclosed portion of a wheel/tire assembly. The transducer senses acoustical energy, e.g., ultrasonic transmissions, generated by the tire contacting the road surface at its contact patch and, without need of external power, translates it to an electrical current and communicates it for further processing. Because the acoustical impedance of the tire casing changes with temperature, hot spots within the tire, as well as other characteristics of the tire's operation, can be detected. Further, any Doppler shift which occurs due to the rotating medium may be compensated for since the rate of tire rotation may be made known via a speed sensor. A position sensor may also be employed to indicate the position of the hot spot.

Abstract: An acoustic gas monitor has a measurement chamber into which a reference gas of known composition is received and is provided with a wall section for the selective transmission of a gaseous substance to be monitored between the reference gas internal the chamber and a host gas externally of the chamber. An acoustic velocity meter is arranged to supply to an analyzer a signal indicative of an acoustic velocity within the mixture of reference gas and gaseous substance in the chamber. The analyzer being programmed to derive, from the velocity measurement made within the single chamber, information relating to the level of the gaseous substance to be monitored.

Abstract: A piezoelectric sensor (7) is dedicated to making a precise measurement of the light amplitude of pulses (2) from a laser (1), so that quantitative measurements such as photo-acoustic spectroscopy can be used to precisely measure the concentration of some bodies in a solution.

Abstract: For the purpose of reducing the load on hardware for driving a two-dimensional array ultrasonic probe having a multiplicity of transducers, the present invention comprises programmable gain amplifiers a00-a99 for amplifying signal voltages e00-e99 from transducers in a two-dimensional array ultrasonic probe, voltage-to-current converters h00-h99 for converting the voltages into current signals i00-i99, a matrix switch M for outputting additive current signals I0-I9 obtained by dividing the current signals i00-i99 into groups and adding current signals in respective groups, current-to-voltage converters H0-H9 for converting the currents into voltage signals, programmable gain amplifiers A0-A9, A-D converters C0-C9, and a digital beamformer unit B for conducting reception beamforming using digital signals D0-D9 and outputting an acoustic line signal W.

Abstract: Machine and process for operating machine having at least one roll and an opposing surface arranged to form at least one nip. The machine includes at least one roll and an opposing surface arranged to form at least one nip. A sound measuring device is arranged to conduct sound measurements in at least one of an area of the at least one roll and an area of the at least one nip to monitor vibrations in the at least one roll and/or in the at least one nip. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A tongs monitor for monitoring the tightening of tubing, casings, and sucker rods of a well is selectively operable in a learning mode and a monitoring mode. A target tightness value is determined during the learning mode. Subsequent tightness values are then compared to the target value. For example, a first connection is tightened in a conventional manner, while its tightness is monitored during the learning mode. If the tightening process went well, then an operator pushes a button that tells the monitor to remember how tight the first connection was tightened. The tightness value of that first joint then becomes the target tightness value for any subsequent joints. As additional joints are tightened, their tightness are monitored and compared to the first one to ensure that all the joints are as good as the first one within an allowable tolerance.

Abstract: In a dynamic mechanical analysis, a test specimen (2) is coupled to an excitation device (4) by means of a holder device (3). The excitation device (4) applies an excitation force comprised of a static pre-tensioning force component and a time-variable force component to the test specimen, and a deformation of the test specimen (2) is measured by means of one or more displacement sensors (5).

Abstract: A process flow device that includes a self-averaging orifice plate type of primary flow element for measuring, by a differential pressure process, the volumetric rate of fluid flow at a point in a fluid carrying conduit where the velocity profile of the fluid is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. The improved flow element comprises a planar flow-impeding plate disposed transversely across the interior of the conduit and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof. The plate includes at least three circular apertures eccentrically disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the conduit to create static pressure averaging on the downstream side of the plate. Upstream and downstream static pressure sensing ports are respectively provided on opposite sides of the flow impeding plate.

Abstract: A sampling system for providing a sample plug 70 from a fluid sample, comprising: a flow channel through which a flow of a fluid sample is passed; plasma generators 12 and 14; and a control unit configured to drive the plasma generator 12 at a power level at which the fluid sample is modified by the plasma P1 and interrupt busy the plasma P1 for a period of time such as to allow a plug of the fluid sample to pass downstream thereof. The volume of the plug 70 is determined by the time period during which the plasma P1 is interrupted. With the plasma P1 being maintained, the components of the plug 70 separate on transit through a separation channel 10. These components pass through the second plasma P2, and the emissions generated are detected by an optical detector 16.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus is characterized by a sampler operable to obtain samples of liquid product from a body of product in a vessel. The sampler includes a plunger having a sample receiving recess and a connecting device couples the sampler to the vessel at an aperture to the vessel. The sampler is attached to the connecting device and the connecting device is moveable between a first position placing the sampler into, and a second position taking the sampler out of, communication with the aperture. With the connecting device in the first position, the plunger is reciprocated to extend the plunger and its recess through the connecting device and vessel aperture into product in the vessel to receive a product sample in the recess. The plunger is then retracted from the vessel and through the connecting device to deliver the product sample to a collection point.

Abstract: An internal inspection unit for pipe has ultrasonic transducers that inspect weld volume, weld root, and wall thickness. The ultrasonic transducers are mounted to a portion of the inspection unit that is rotatable, but no more than one full revolution. One of the units has independently movable shoes for each separate transducer. The shoes are moved between retracted and extended positions by pneumatic cylinders. The other unit has shoes that support more than one transducer, the shoes being biased outwardly by springs.

Abstract: Provided is a consolidometer and methods of its use. In its preferred embodiment, the device and methods permit accurate and convenient laboratory sampling of the selfweight consolidation of media, such as soft soil and soil slurries that may result from dredging operations. One option also provides for attaching sensors at locations along the consolidometer for taking data on additional characteristics of the media.

Abstract: A concrete test specimen apparatus includes a test cylinder having a cylindrical side wall closed by a bottom wall to define an interior space accessible through a top opening. A rectangular liner in the interior space covers an inside of the cylindrical side wall. When the interior space is filled with a specimen of concrete, the liner is disposed between the specimen and the side wall to enable sliding of the specimen out of the interior space.

Abstract: An inertial control and measurement system is provided for applying inertial control to a vehicle and measuring angular rate of the vehicle. The system includes a control moment gyroscope having a spinning rotor, a gimbal, a gimbal support assembly attached to a spacecraft for allowing rotation of the gimbal about a gimbal axis, and a gimbal motor for rotating the gimbal about the gimbal axis to induce torque. A controller controls the gimbal motor to generate a control torque. The controller further determines an angular rate of the vehicle as a function of a determined torque and a gimbal angle acceleration.

Abstract: The linear guide apparatus includes a guide rail 3 including a rolling body rolling groove 8 and a friction apply unit 6 assembled to the guide rail 3. The friction apply unit 6 includes a unit main body 15, a brake member 16, an oil pressure cylinder 17 and a plate spring 32. The brake member 16 is disposed so as to face the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and can be contacted with the other portions of the side surface 3a than the rolling body rolling groove 8 thereof. The oil pressure cylinder 17 includes a piston member 20 which is structured to be driven in a positive direction to thereby press the brake member 16 against the side surface 3a of the guide rail 3 and also the piston member 20 can be driven in the opposite direction to thereby remove the pressure of the brake member 16 from the side surface 3a.

Abstract: A haptic shift device for use in shift-by-wire systems in vehicles. The haptic shift device includes a shift lever manipulatable by a user. At least one sensor detects a position of the shift lever, and a transmission gear of the vehicle is caused to be changed based on the position of the shift lever. At least one electrically-controlled actuator outputs a force on the shift lever. In some embodiments, the shift lever is moveable within a pattern and is blocked from areas outside the boundaries of the pattern. The actuator(s) can be active or passive, and/or a variable mechanical gate can be used to implement the pattern. Provided shifting modes can include automatic, manual, and/or sequential modes. Other shifting modes can also be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a setting device for an adjustable gearing mechanism, in particular, for selecting a parking position in an automatic transmission. The inventive setting device comprises a mechanical setting element, an intermediate gearing mechanism for transferring the setting motion of the setting element to a control element of the adjustable gearing mechanism. A mechanical energy store, which can be replenished once again by the setting element, is provided for driving the intermediate mechanism when the setting element malfunctions.

Abstract: An adjustable steering column comprises a steering column shaft, a handlebar, and an adjustable clamp assembly securing the handlebar to the steering column shaft. The adjustable clamp assembly comprises a handlebar clamp to secure the handlebar to the adjustable clamp assembly. An extension is secured to the handlebar clamp and extends away from the handlebar clamp. The extension has first and second opposing sides. A first clamp surface is attached to the steering column. The first clamp surface is disposed on the first side of the extension. A second clamp surface is disposed on a second side of the vertical extension. The second clamp surface is moveable with respect to the first clamp surface from a first position where the extension is immovable to a second position where the extension is moveable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pinion gear type rotating device, in particular for use in electromagnetic interference characterization of a fiber optics transceiver, by which device a member, such a fiber optics transceiver can be hold and rotated by at least 360 degrees about x, y and z axes.

Abstract: A steering column (10) includes a steering column member (12). A mounting bracket (66) connects the steering column (10) to a vehicle frame. The mounting bracket (66) has a surface defining an aperture (77). A support (24), through which the steering column member (12) extends, is connected with the mounting bracket (66). The support (24) supports the steering column member (12) for rotation about a longitudinal axis (26) of the steering column member (12) and is movable relative to the mounting bracket. A locking mechanism (130) prevents movement of the support (24) relative to the mounting bracket (66). A first portion (42) is connected with the support (24) and is movable with the support (24) and the steering column member (12) relative to the mounting bracket (66). A follower pin (63) extends from the first portion (42) and into the aperture (77) in the mounting bracket (66).

Abstract: A bicycle shift control device comprises a base member; an operating member structured to be mounted around a handlebar so as to rotate in first and second directions around the handlebar; a transmission control member coupled to the operating member and rotatably mounted relative to the base member for pulling and releasing a transmission control element; a first position setting member; a second position setting member structured to rotate with the operating member and to move axially, wherein the second position setting member moves between an engagement position in which the second position setting member engages the first position setting member and a disengagement position in which the second position setting member is disengaged from the first position setting member; a first coupling member that moves in response to rotation of the operating member; a second coupling member coupled to the second position setting member for engaging the first coupling member so that rotation of the operating member cau

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor unit, integrated in a pedal-box, for the determination of the angular position of a pedal lever (1), in the form of an inductive non-contact separation sensor, comprising a stationary sensor head (3) and a sensor element (4), moving with the pedal lever (1). The sensor head (3), oriented transverse to the pedal axis (6), is directed at the sensor element (4), which moves with the pivoting pedal lever (1) in the direction of the main sensor, such as to alter the separation. The separation of the sensor head (3) and the sensor element (4) influences the electrical signal generated by the sensor head (3), from the values of which, inferences can be drawn about the position of the pedal. Two adjacent pedal levers (1) are arranged on a common housing (5), each with one of the integrated sensor heads (3).

Abstract: An integral auxiliary handlebar for a main handlebar generally comprises a neck portion operatively arranged to be secured to a main handlebar, an arcuate portion proximate the neck portion, a first straight handgrip portion proximate the arcuate portion, and a second straight handgrip portion proximate the first straight handgrip portion. The neck portion of the integral auxiliary handlebar generally comprises a C-shaped member operatively arranged to be clamed about the main handlebar. The integral auxiliary handlebar is solid throughout, yet lightweight to meet the needs of the competition bicyclist. The integral auxiliary handlebar is specifically configured to be secured a main handlebar of an off-road bicycle, but could be modified to be secured to any type of handlebar.

Abstract: A detachable pedal assembly including an automatic release mechanism that is positioned approximately between the pedal and crank arm is disclosed. The detachable pedal assembly in one embodiment comprising an axle assembly including thrust bearing and threads to engage the crank, a binding assembly including a pedal to which the cyclist applies force and clasp that detachably receives the thrust bearing, and a force-sensitive locking means that holds the binding assembly in operational engagement to the axle assembly until a predetermined force is applied, at which time the binding assembly automatically releases the axle assembly to permit the cyclist to dismount or avoid injury in an accident. The position of the release mechanism to the side of the binding assembly permits the binding assembly to be offset from the axle axis, thereby improving increased riding efficiency, lower aerodynamic drag, and increased turning clearance.

Abstract: A method for making reduced iron using blast-furnace sludge is provided. The method includes a mixing step of mixing the blast-furnace sludge and an iron-oxide-containing powder to prepare a mixed material, an agglomerating step of agglomerating the mixed material to form agglomerates, a feeding step of feeding the agglomerates onto a continuously moving hearth, and a reducing step of heating the agglomerates to remove zinc and reduce the agglomerates.

Abstract: This bit has an axis and a tip end with an obtuse angle. There are multiple scraping surfaces, each facing counter-clockwise into a longitudinal recess in the tip end. Each scraping surface has a scraping edge at an angle of about 55° to 70° to the axis. Behind each scraping surface the outer surface of the tip end curves down to a rearward edge adjacent another of the longitudinal recesses, the rearward edges each being disposed at a sharper angle to the axis than the scraping edge so that there is some relief, allowing the scraping edge to be more pronounced and enhance its ability to dig into the metal of a deformed screw at points removed from the axis to get a good purchase on the screw.

Abstract: A hand tool with three connecting bodies comprises a handle body and at least two connecting bodies for being connected to screwing tools. The handle body is an approximate T shape body. Two ends thereof are installed with a first connecting body and a second connecting body. The handle body has a cruciform-like pivotal hole. A center of the hole is vertical to an axis of the handle body. A cruciform-like pivotal elastomer is tightly engaged in the pivotal hole. A third connecting body has a pivotal end. The pivotal end of the third connecting body is inserted into the pivotal hole. Thereby, the first, second and third connecting bodies are capable of being engaged with sleeve form openers, hexagonal openers and other screwing tools.

Abstract: A hand tool, including a shank having a proximal end joined to an operational head, the shank including an elongated groove with corresponding ends adjacent the proximal end and a distal end of the shank; a slidably sleeve sized to receive the shank, the sleeve defining a set aperture; a set disposed in the set aperture and positioned to bias into the elongated groove, the set preventing sliding between the shank and sleeve when tightened and the set allowing sliding between the shank and the sleeve when loosened; and a selective lock relating between the sleeve and the shank, the lock preventing separation of the sleeve and the shank when the sleeve and shank are in rotational alignment, the lock allowing separation of the sleeve and the shank when the sleeve and shank are out of rotational alignment.

Abstract: A spanner comprises a driving head and a second pivotal portion; the driving head having an engaging portion for engaging screws; and the handle being capable of being held, thereby, the user can apply a force thereon. One end of the driving head has a first pivotal portion and one end of the handle has a second pivotal portion; the first pivotal portion and second pivotal portion are pivotally connectable for adjusting a respective orientation between the driving head and the handle. The holding area of the handle is larger than the prior art and thus the user can apply force to the handle easily. Moreover, the orientation of the handle respective the driving head is adjustable.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a handle which has two opposite first surfaces and two second surfaces. A width of each of the first surfaces is larger than a width of the second surfaces. An engaging portion is pivotably connected to an end of the handle so that the user's hand may contact the first surfaces when rotating the handle of the tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for servicing a telecommunication junction box. The method enables a reduced number of tools to be utilized to service a telecommunication junction box.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hexagonal head wrench assembly that includes a tubular body with a plurality of passages defined longitudinally therethrough for receiving the hexagonal head wrenches. A wedge-shaped recess is defined in an outer periphery of the body and a magnet is engaged in the recess so that a short end of the hexagonal head wrench is secured engaged in the recess.

Abstract: A slitter knife system for facilitating efficient changing of cutting knives upon a slitting machine. The slitter knife system includes a main housing, a chuck housing movably positioned within the main housing, a plunger member movably positioned within the chuck housing, an arbor member rotatably attached about a portion of the chuck housing for receiving an upper knife, a clamp member positioned adjacent the upper knife, and an outer bearing attached to a distal portion of the plunger member. Utilizing a source of air pressure, a user is able to draw the plunger member inwardly so that the outer bearing forces the clamp member tightly against the upper knife. When replacement of the upper knife is required, the user releases the air pressure and a spring engaging the plunger member forces the same outwardly to allow for removal of the clamp member thereby providing unobstructed access to the upper knife.

Abstract: When a magnetic tape material is slit into a plurality of magnetic tapes, projections are formed in edge portions of side surfaces of the magnetic tapes. The projections are removed by pressing cutting tools against the edge portions of the side surfaces of the magnetic tape while transporting the magnetic tape. Thus, product quality of the magnetic tape is improved.

Abstract: A gang blade assembly which controls the trajectory of detritus from a ball grid array substrate dicing operation is described. The assembly includes a cover which partially encases a hub with a plurality of blades. A brush is mounted on the cover to disrupt an air flow created by rotation of the hub and blades. The brush extends beneath the cover and has bristles which contact the hub. The bristles also serve to clear the hub of any detritus produced during dicing. More than one brush may be mounted on the cover.

Abstract: A method for making decorative grass having a three-dimensional pattern which constitutes at least a portion of the decor of the decorative grass. Printed designs or materials and/or embossed materials can also constitute a portion of the decor of the decorative grass. The method includes slitting a material having a three-dimensional pattern on at least a portion of at least one surface thereof and then cutting the slit material into segments of a predetermined length to provide the decorative grass having a three-dimensional pattern.

Abstract: A vacuum conveyor is provided comprising an endless perforated belt which extends over a first vacuum plate and a second vacuum plate, which vacuum plates may be maintained at different air pressures and may be situated at different angles relative to horizontal. An apparatus for cutting and transporting sheet materials is provided comprising the vacuum conveyor according to the present invention and a rotary die cutter situated such that an emerging portion of a cut workpiece can become held by the vacuum conveyor before it is fully separated, enabling pattern-cut sheet materials to be cut and transported to a destination such as a laminating nip with accurate registration.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus for use with a platen die station is employed for cutting relatively thin planar material layers, such as thin material layers used in the construction of fuel cells. The cutting apparatus includes a die having a substantially planar first surface and a substantially planar second surface. A cutting surface and at least one bearer surface respectively protrude from the first surface of the die. A height of the bearer surface is substantially equal to a height of the cutting surface, such that the bearer surface prevents damage to the cutting surface when the cutting surface and bearer surface are moved to contact an anvil surface of the platen die station. One or more layers of a compliant material, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, may be situated in contact with the second surface of the die to add compliance to the cutting apparatus.

Abstract: A gutter punch device is positioned over the water collecting opening of the gutter and is adapted to punch the front and rear sheet metal portions of the gutter. The punched holes are made prior to the hanging of the gutter and are used to receive the gutter fastener for securing the gutter to the fascia board of the structure. The gutter punch can be a double throw or single throw device and enables perfect alignment of the front and rear mounting holes for gutters in an easily reproducible manner.