Abstract: A sliding assisting apparatus includes a main body provided on a base or a movable body, and having a pair of sliders disposed in a case; lock members formed on the sliders; coupling parts provided on the case to couple/uncouple with the lock members; a forcing device provided between the two sliders to accumulate a biasing force when one of the sliders is slid to move away from the other; a pair of strikers provided on the base or the movable body; and a switch between a case restrained position and a case restraint released position. One striker is disposed between the first and second sliding positions to cause the movable body to slide toward the first sliding position, and a second striker is disposed closer to the second sliding position than the first striker to cause the movable body to slide toward the second sliding position.

Abstract: An optical unit is disclosed which is capable of being easily assembled, enabling its optical element to smoothly move, and preventing friction loss from being generated around its nut member. A lens driving apparatus is provided for moving an optical element holder, which supports an optical element having an optical axis and is movable along a guide member, in an extension direction of the optical axis, using a nut integrally provided at the holder, and a lead screw threadedly coupled to the nut to rotate forward and backward by a driving unit. In the lens driving apparatus, the forward or backward rotation of the motor is transmitted to the lead screw via a reduction gear train. The lead screw is installed to be inclinedly movable with respect to the extension direction of the optical axis about threaded coupling portions of a threaded section of the lead screw and the nut.

Abstract: A linear actuator comprises rotary motion producing means (1,2,3,4,5); linear motion producing means (6,7,10,11,12) coupled with the rotary motion producing means for converting rotary motion to linear motion; a driven member (18) movable linearly by the linear motion providing means from a first position to a second position; and back-drive means (22) for returning the driven member to the first position. The arrangement is such that the linear motion producing means includes torque reaction means (13,15,16,17) which, in normal operation, is in an activated condition and provides a torque reaction path to enable the driven member to be moved from the first to the second position but which, in the event of a fault, is in a de-activated condition so that it no longer provides the torque reaction path and the back-drive means can move the driven member to the first position, without disengaging the rotary motion producing means from the linear motion producing means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling gear-shifting processes of a powershift gearbox which can be coupled to a drive motor and has gear steps comprising two friction clutches and a plurality of clutches, and at least one gearbox actuator for actuating the gear steps. Said method comprises the following steps: the torque of the drive motor is received by the new friction clutch associated with the new gear step to be engaged; before the disengagement of the old gear step and before or during the torque reception, a pre-determined pre-tensioning force is applied to the clutch of the old gear step by means of the gearbox actuator; and the old gear step is disengaged when the motor torque and the clutch torque are balanced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a torque limiter device which is provided with an inner ring and an outer ring and the inner ring and the outer ring operate together to transmit an input torque to an output member constituted of one of the inner ring and the outer ring as long as the torque is not more than a set torque. One of the input member and the output member is provided with an engagement groove, and the other of the input member and the output member is provided with a coil spring for pressing into the engagement groove an engaging member which is to engage with the engagement groove. When the input torque applied to the input member exceeds the set torque level, the engaging member deforms the coil spring to disengage from the engagement groove, resulting in the input torque not being transmitted to the output member.

Abstract: A ball screw apparatus has a screw shaft having a first ball screw groove; a nut including a second ball screw groove oppose to the first ball screw groove, a ball return through hole for circulating the balls and ball turning members having a ball turning passageway communicating with both of the ball load rolling passageway and the ball return through hole and provided at opposite end portions of the nut, respectively; and a number of balls rolling in a ball load rolling passageway formed between the first and second ball screw grooves in accordance with a rotation of the screw shaft or the nut, wherein when a diameter of the balls is represented by Dw, and a diameter of the ball return through hole is represented by D1, D1?Dw is 3% of Dw or more and 10% of Dw or less.

Abstract: A shift operating apparatus for a vehicle includes plural operating members, on which toothed portions are respectively formed, tooth phases of the respective toothed portions which is mutually matched in a shift direction when the operating members are positioned at a neutral position; an engagement gear included in a switching engagement body and engageable with the respective toothed portions of the respective operating members. When one of the operating members has moved in the shift direction from the neutral position, the tooth phase of the toothed portion of the one of the operating members is matched with the tooth phases of the toothed portions of the other operating members.

Abstract: A shifter for vehicles including a base structure and a shift lever that is movably mounted to the base structure. A shift gate controls movement of the shift lever between a plurality of control positions including at least PARK, NEUTRAL and DRIVE control positions. The shifter also includes a powered pawl having a pawl member configured to engage the shift gate. The pawl member defines a first position relative to the shift gate wherein the shift lever is locked in the NEUTRAL position. The pawl member also defines a second position relative to the shift gate wherein the shift lever is movable between the PARK, NEUTRAL and DRIVE positions. The pawl member further defines a third position relative to the shift gate wherein the pawl member locks the shift lever in the PARK position.

Abstract: A shifter for controlling a transmission of a motor vehicle includes a base structure and a shift lever that is movably mounted to the base structure for movement between a plurality of control positions. At least one of the control positions comprises a NEUTRAL position. The shifter further includes a shift gate having a plurality of notches corresponding to the control positions. The shift gate is positioned on a selected one of the base and the shift lever. The shifter further includes a movable pawl member selectively engaging the notches of the shift gate to restrict movement of the shift lever relative to the base structure. The pawl member is biased into engagement with the shift gate. A movable retaining member selectively engages the shift gate to retain the shift lever in the NEUTRAL position wherein the retaining member is biased out of engagement with the shift gate.

Abstract: A shift control device for a bicycle transmission comprises a mounting member adapted to mount the shift control device to a bicycle; a first lever operatively coupled to the mounting member such that the first lever stops at a plurality of positions corresponding to gear positions of the bicycle transmission, wherein the first lever moves in a first plane; and a second lever operatively coupled to the mounting member for movement in a second plane between a rest position and an operating position such that the second lever returns to the rest position after moving to the operating position. In this embodiment, the first plane is substantially parallel to the second plane.

Abstract: Scrap silicon from which a profit can be obtained taking into consideration the purchase price and refining cost of scrap silicon and the expected sale price of silicon products is selectively recovered, the recovered scrap silicon is refined, and silicon which can be sold as a silicon product is manufactured.

Abstract: A method of refining scrap silicon using an electron beam includes a step of selectively preparing lumps of n-type scrap silicon containing a specific impurity element as a dopant, a step of crushing the prepared lumps of scrap silicon, a step of placing the crushed silicon into a vacuum vessel, a step of irradiating the crushed silicon which was placed into the vacuum vessel with an electron beam to melt it and vaporize at least a portion of the impurity element, and a step of solidifying the resulting silicon.

Abstract: A niobium powder can be used to manufacture a niobium capacitor of excellent electrical properties The niobium powder when formed into a sintered body of 3.15 to 3.9 g/cm3 density exhibits a capacitance (CV value at a formation voltage of 20V) ranging from 80 to 240 kCV/g and a CV retention of 57% or higher. With respect to the production of the niobium powder, the employed potassium niobate fluoride has a water content of 1000 ppm or less as determined from the amount of water generated upon heating at 600° C. according to the Karl Fischer method.

Abstract: There is provided a production process of silicon that can reutilize a receiving vessel without breaking of the receiving vessel and does not cause inclusion of impurities in silicon from the receiving vessel in contact with molten silicon. The production process of silicon comprises the steps of: depositing silicon in a solid state or molten state by contacting gas mixture of hydrogen and silanes to the surface having the temperature range of 600 to 1700° C.; melting a part or the whole of the deposited silicon, dropping the melt from a deposition surface, and receiving the dropped molten silicon in a receiving vessel, wherein said receiving vessel comprises a silicon bottom plate member(s) and a plurality of silicon side plate members that are installed upright direction from the peripheral part of the bottom plate member.

Abstract: A tool 10 for sharpening a cutting edge 12 and cleaning between adjacent cutting edges 14, 16. The tool includes an elongate gripping section 18 with a first end 20 and a second end 22. Means for sharpening 24 extend from the first end. Extending from the second end is a means for cleaning. The method for sharpening includes the step of moving a V-shaped abrasive surface in relation to the blade that requires rejuvenation. A method for cleaning between adjacent blades involve inserting a cleaning means therebetween, thereby dislodging unwanted debris.

Abstract: A beverage container receptacle and opening apparatus having a base adapted to support a beverage container and having one or a plurality of beverage container openers formed into the base. The openers provide a twist off bottle cap remover, a pry-off bottle cap remover, and a pull tab prying device. A sleeve rising from a top surface of the base provides an insulator as well as a component to hold the container to the base during movement.

Abstract: A wrench capable of transferring power effectively comprise a wrench body having an end formed with a driving portion; the driving portion being formed with a receiving portion; a ratchet wheel being mounted in the receiving portion of the driving portion and having a periphery formed with a plurality of oblique concave portions; a plurality of rollers movably mounted in the oblique concave portions. When the roller is at a position where one side of the roller is in contact with a periphery of the driving portion and one side of he roller is in contact with a long side of the oblique concave portions, a line tangent to the periphery of the driving portion and passing through the contact point of the roller and the driving portion is inclined to the long side of the oblique concave portions with an angle preferably between 5 degrees to 30 degrees.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for a relatively simple and convenient means of operating an automotive scissors jack to raise the tire of an automobile off the ground more easily. A ratchet wrench system comprises a ratchet wrench including a drive member assembly having a multi-piece rotational force application arm. The multi-piece rotational force application arm includes a first elongated portion and a second elongated portion detachably engagable with the first elongated portion. A plurality torque transfer attachments are included. Each one of the torque transfer attachments is configured at a first end thereof for having a rotational force applied thereto by the drive member assembly and is configured at a second end thereof for engaging a respective different configuration of torque application member.

Abstract: The modular wrench with extendible shank includes at least one stubby wrench head segment having either an open end or a box end wrench head, and a truncated shank extending from the wrench head. A short connector sleeve having sockets defined in both ends that frictionally receive the truncated shank of the wrench head segment is provided so that two wrench heads may be attached to opposite ends of the sleeve to form an open end wrench, a box end wrench, or a combination wrench of standard size. Two elongated extension bars, e.g., a six-inch and a ten-inch bar, are provided, each extension bar having a stub projecting from one end that frictionally fits into the connector sleeve, and a socket defined in the opposite end that frictionally receives either the truncated shank of the wrench head or the stub of the other extension bar.

Abstract: A hand tool for detaching rim from a vehicle includes a main shaft having a seat formed on a middle portion thereof and dividing the main shaft into a first section and a second section. A socket detachably mounted to a free end of the first section for driving bolts. A grip is rotatably sleeved on the second section of the main shaft for user to control the main shaft. A drive shaft pivotally and movably extends through the seat. The drive shaft has a taperingly flatted first end such the drive shaft can be used as a lever for detaching a rim cover. The drive shaft has a second end used as a stopper to prevent the drive shaft from overly extending through the seat and detaching from the main shaft during operating.

Abstract: An indicating device of a tool handle of a tool is disclosed. The tool has a tool body. The indicating device of a tool handle has a tool body having a driving head at one end and a handle at another end; a first color layer being installed on the handle; a second color layer covering the first color layer, but at least one end of the first color layer being exposed out of the second color layer; the color of the second color layer different from that of the first color layer; an indicating portion at a bottom end of the first color layer; the shape of the indicating portion being corresponding to the driver head; the indicating portion at the bottom of the first color layer having the same color the second color layer. A method for forming the indicating device of a tool handle is also disclosed.

Abstract: A screwing-tool with a device to adjust transmitted torque consists of a handle to introduce a torque to the device, which is borne in the hollow of the handle and a driver-shaft as outpout element of the torque. On the driver-shaft inside the handle two separate couplings are assembled, between them a compression spring exerting a spring force onto the two couplings. Each coupling consist of a first and second socket engaging each other by gearings at their opposing faces. The maximum torque at which the torque-transmission will be interrupted cab be adjusted in that way, that by an adjustment-element the distance between the couplings can be changed resulting in a change of the tension of the spring exerting a load on the couplings. The teeth of the gearings slide and the sockets rotate relatively to each other and interrupt the torque-transmission if a pre-adjusted torque is exceeded.

Abstract: A tool handle includes a handle member having a shank for driving tool members, and having a barrel. A primary hand grip includes a space to receive the barrel, and to attach the primary hand grip to the barrel. An auxiliary hand grip includes a stem selectively engageable into the barrel, to selectively attach the auxiliary hand grip to the barrel of the handle member, and to increase a length of the tool handle by combining both the auxiliary hand grip and the primary hand grip together, and the auxiliary hand grip may be selectively detached from the barrel of the handle member, to decrease the length of the tool handle to only the primary hand grip.

Abstract: A tool includes a handle device having a shank for driving tool members, and having a primary hand grip. An auxiliary hand grip is selectively attached to the primary hand grip, to increase a length of the tool by combining both the auxiliary hand grip and the primary hand grip together, and the auxiliary hand grip may be selectively detached from the barrel of the handle device, to decrease the length of the tool to only the primary hand grip. A tool device may further be received in the auxiliary hand grip, and removable from the auxiliary hand grip, for driving tool elements having a dimension smaller than that of the tool members. A casing may be secured to the auxiliary hand grip, to receive a tape measuring device.

Abstract: A driver tool having a hollow handle and a head. The head has a body portion and a mouth portion. A plurality of channels formed in body portion each of which is adapted to receive a driver. A selector assembly is mounted within body portion and comprises an exit groove and a stop gate located between said mouth portion and the channels. An exit notch is provided in the stop gate which communicates with the exit groove. Rotation of the selector assembly relative to the handle to move the exit groove and the exit notch past the channels so that when the rotation is stopped when the exit groove and the exit notch are opposite a predetermined channel permits a driver in that channel may move from the channel into the exit groove through the exit notch and thereby freeing a driver in the exit groove to move out of the exit groove through the mouth portion and to protrude out of the handle assembly to an extended position.

Abstract: A cutting tool for attachment to the leading area of a base is provided. The cutting tool includes a holder base having two substantially parallel cutting teeth extending from the holder base, the cutting teeth each having a cutting edge and an opening between the teeth. The cutting teeth define first and second cutting paths. The cutting teeth impact and cut asphalt shingles, and funneling surfaces of the teeth funnel the cut shingle material toward and through the opening, and into the path of the rear cutting member which cuts the material a second time. Thus, asphalt shingles are processed more efficiently, thereby creating less frictional heat and avoiding melting of the asphalt shingles.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a work piece is provided that may include a frame, a cutting tool, means mounted to the frame for reciprocally translating the cutting tool between a first position and a second position to define a cutting path and means for positioning the work piece with respect to the cutting path so the cutting tool simultaneously makes a first bevel cut and a second bevel cut across an end portion of the work piece when translated from the first position to the second position. The cutting tool may comprise a V-shaped cutting groove.

Abstract: A landscape utility knife assembly discloses a single tool that can puncture the middle of a landscape liner and make the incisions necessary to place plants in the middle region of a landscape or garden area. The knife assembly consists of a replaceable blade and housing. The housing is composed of three regions: a handle region, a blade region, and a penetration region. These regions, which compose the housing, are arranged geometrically to form an acute angle. The tip of the penetration region forms a sharp point that can puncture a landscape liner. The penetration region is adjacent to the blade region and serves also to guide the liner into the replaceable blade that is exposed and recessed at the vertex of the angle formed by the housing.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus for ductile materials comprises a nozzle having a number of outlet openings separated from each other by separator webs. Next to the nozzle, a rotating cutting tool is provided, having a plurality of cutting knives for cutting off the strands of material discharged through the outlet openings of the nozzle. Each separator web is at least as wide as a cutting knife. For performing a cutting operation, the cutting tool is intermittently rotated. Between two cutting operations, the cutting tool is stopped, whereby its knives remain in a rest position behind the separator webs. For the next cutting operation, the cutting tool is rotated by such an amount that its cutting knives move from a position behind a first separator web to the next adjacent separator web.

Abstract: A slitter apparatus has a rotary shaft provided with one or more upper blades, and a rotary shaft provided with one or more lower blades, the rotary shafts being arranged in parallel with each other and at such a spacing as to achieve a predetermined engagement depth with contact between side face of peripheral part of upper blades and side face of peripheral part of lower blades, wherein a thickness of upper blades is not less than 1 mm, an included angle of upper blades is in a range of 75 to 88°, hardnesses of upper blades and lower blades are in a range of 6.9×103 to 8.8×103 N/mm2, a difference between the hardness of upper blades and the hardness of lower blades is not more than 4.9×102 N/mm2, surface roughnesses of upper blades and lower blades are not more than 4 ?m, and a difference between the surface roughness of upper blades and the surface roughness of lower blades is not more than 2 ?m.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a predetermined amount of adhesive weighted tape includes a controller adapted to receive a request for a desired amount of adhesive weighted tape and an elongated track member adapted to receive a supply of the adhesive weighted tape. A sensor is mounted adjacent a second end of the track member. The sensor in communication with the controller is operable to transmit a signal to the controller corresponding to a measured amount of weighted tape passing thereby. A motive apparatus in communication with the controller is adapted to move the weighted tape from a first end to the second end of the track member in response to the signal from the sensor. A cutting member disposed adjacent the second end of the track member is in communication with the controller and is adapted to cut the weighted tape in response to the signal from the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a miter saw including a base, a turntable, a first rotary shaft for connecting the base to the turntable, a supporting arm and a saw unit. Two micro-adjusting and locking mechanisms which are similar in structure are used to accurately position and reliably lock either or both of the supporting arm or turntable. Each micro-adjusting and locking mechanism has a wormgear which is fixed, a worm, a micro-adjusting handle which is connected to the worm, an eccentric sleeve, an actuator such as a lock-release knob which is connected to the eccentric sleeve and a torsion spring. An axis of the worm is parallel to but not overlapping the axis of the eccentric sleeve. The worm is engaged with the wormgear when the micro-adjusting and locking mechanism is in a first working state. The worm is disengaged from the wormgear when the micro-adjusting and locking mechanism is in a second working state.

Abstract: A saw frame that may be folded and locked in a more compact position. One saw frame disclosed comprises a first section of the frame that is pivotably attached to a second section of the frame so that the first section can pivot upward and fold back down onto the second section, resulting in a considerably more compact structure when folded. The pivot point is located so that, when folded, the frame can be lifted from a handle or lifting point at the frame's folded center of gravity without substantially tilting. Locking pins secure the frame in its folded or open configurations, so that the frame is not permitted to pivot when not desired.

Abstract: A knockout punch is provided with a member such that when the punch and the die are drawn together by the draw stud to make a hole in a workpiece, the member on the punch will locate the punch assembly in a pilot hole. In three embodiments of the invention, the member is formed integrally with the punch and extends from the punch proximate to a bore in the punch which is used to connect the punch to the draw stud. In another embodiment of the invention, the member is provided as an insert which is connected to the punch within a counterbore. The punch is also provided with a pair of piercing portions for piercing through the workpiece after the member has centered the punch assembly with the pilot hole and a pair of cutting portions for shearing the workpiece after the piercing portions have pierced the workpiece.

Abstract: A sawing machine includes a base, a worktable tiltable relative to the base, a tilt control mechanism coupled between the base and the worktable for tilting the worktable relative to the base, and a tilt angle indicator for indicating a tilt angle of the worktable. The tilt angle indicator includes a wheel, which is pivoted to a bottom side of the worktable and has an indication zone, a spring member provided between the wheel and the worktable for providing a torsional force to the wheel, and a pull cord connected between the base and the wheel for driving the wheel to rotate when tilting the worktable relative to the base.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hybrid cutting device for grinders used in the land clearing and wood grinding industry. The disclosure describes a cutting device composed of cutters placed in line to form a helix on a rotor, made of three forged steel parts. This device is assembled by welding and bolting. It can be used on an horizontal axis cutter head, composed of an hybrid cutter of inverted L shape to shred wood, a cutter support used to secure firmly the cutter on the rotor and an anti-wear steel part called “rocker”, allowing the absorption of shocks in place of the cutter and thus allowing a better protection against wear and damage. This system allows further aggressive and efficient usage of the cutter head by considerably reducing the vibration level or cutter damage.

Abstract: A saw blade having blade body supporting a leading cutting edge for cutting through a workpiece. A force and motion are applied to drive the cutting edge against the work piece as the body of the saw blade is driven with a reciprocating, rotational or linear motion transverse to the applied direction of the force. The solid rectangular cross section of a saw blade is modified to improve its ability to cut through a workpiece. The body of the blade is characerized as having cut out areas distributed throughout the blade body to capture and remove the debris from the kerf. This improved cutting performance can be further enhanced by reducing the cross section of the body. Secondary cutting edges may also be incorporated around the perimeter of the cutouts and as part of the reduced geometry portion of the blade body.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming various three dimensional objects, such as various shapes and sizes of boxes, is provided. The apparatus includes a cutting tool, a scoring tool and a template. The template is provided with various channels for guiding the cutting and scoring tools. After all of the selected cutting and scoring procedures have occurred, the material that has been cut and scored is folded along the scored sections in order to form a three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A tuning post for a guitar having a first and second restraining means for receiving and retaining a guitar string. The first and second string restraining means are in a spaced arrangement and allow the tuning post to be rotated to tune the string.

Abstract: A bolt on tremlo unit. The tremlo arm is depressed which rotates a shaft fitted within a frame. The rotating shaft pushes a con-rod against a tremlo tail stop. This forces it to tip thus lowering the pich of the strings When the tremlo arm is released, the expansion springs pull against a shaft spring connecting hinge and return the tremlo to its original position. When the tremlo arm is pulled across the frame causing the adjustable stop to clear the frame, the shaft is free to rotate in the oposite direction. This raises the pitch.

Abstract: A drum includes a cylindrical body, a cylindrical head frame, which is fitted to the outer circumference of the body, a hoop located at the outer circumference of a head, lugs located at the outer circumference of the body, lug nuts, and lug bolts. A loosening prevention structure is located between the lower surface of the head of each lug bolt and the upper surface of the hoop. Each loosening prevention structure is formed by a washer with rubber according to a preferred embodiment. The washer with rubber is formed by an annular elastic body and a bowl-shaped cover. The elastic body is made of rubber. The cover includes a cylindrical portion, which covers the outer circumference of the elastic body. The cylindrical portion is formed to be shorter than the elastic body along the axial direction of the body.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a percussion musical instrument such as a tambourine, riq, pandiero and the like having non-rectangular windows within which the jingles are supported. The configuration of the window affords a greater range of pitch motion for the jingles than otherwise afforded in similar conventional instruments. As such, the pitch motion of the jingles may equal or exceed the range of roll motion of the jingles. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to an instrument having an ovoid shaped shell to provide distinct rotational moments of inertia along a major axis and a minor axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling sounds and images includes: a first memory (11) for storing songs and MMHL (Multi Media Hyper Link) files, each MMHL file including timeline information, lyrics, pictures and videos of a corresponding song, the timeline information including a plurality of time slices and related actions of each time slice; a second memory (13) for storing read songs and MMHL fifes matched with the songs; a third memory (12) for storing one or more controlling programs; and a Central Processing Unit (CPU) (10) for reading a song, obtaining an MMHL file matched with the song, and controlling simultaneous output of the song and the MMHL file according to the timeline information, via the controlling programs. A related method is also disclosed.

Abstract: One of many possible embodiments includes a method of recording and organizing drum sequences for use in composing music. The method includes recording a drum performance, separating the recorded drum performance into drum loops, organizing the drum loops into a song set, and providing a unique name for each drum loop. The unique name is descriptive of a possible position or function of each drum loop in the song set. In some embodiments, the song set and the drum loops are named and organized hierarchically to guide composers in conveniently selecting desired drum loops. In some embodiments, one or more song sets is provided on a processor-readable medium.

Abstract: Plural pieces of music data (performance data) each corresponding to each of plural music pieces are stored in a rewritable external storage device 25. Further, tone range restriction data indicating a sound generable range of a tone is stored in the external storage device 25 as associated with each piece of performance data or each piece of tone color data for controlling a tone color of a tone. A CPU 21 transposes the music piece corresponding to the selected performance data by the inputted transposition amount by the program process. In case where a part of the pitch of the transposed music piece is outside the sound generable range indicated by tone range restriction data corresponding to the selected performance data or to the selected tone color data, the transposition amount of all of or a part of the music piece including at least a note corresponding to the aforesaid part of the pitch is changed.

Abstract: A sound outputting apparatus having compensation characteristics for improving the timbre of output sound is provided herein. The apparatus (10) includes at least one speaker (12) and a memory unit (14). The speaker has real characteristics per se and used to transform audio signals into sounds. The memory unit stores compensation parameters for the speaker, each of which is built according to the corresponding real characteristics of the speaker, and is adapted to minimize or even eliminate deviations between outputs of the speaker due to the corresponding real characteristics of the speaker. A compensation system (20) which is used to build the compensation parameters for the speaker, and a sound outputting system having compensation characteristics which adapts the sound outputting apparatus to output sounds, are also provided.

Abstract: An automatic player piano includes keys driven for the angular motion through a hybrid feedback control loop; a controller, a key position sensor, a plunger velocity sensor and a solenoid-operated key actuator form parts of the hybrid feedback control loop for each key, and a current key position and a plunger velocity are reported to the controller; the controller determines a series of target position or a reference trajectory and a target velocity, and periodically compares a composite current position and a composite current velocity, which are determined on the basis of the current key position and current plunger velocity, with the target position and target velocity to see whether or not the key travels on the reference trajectory; if the answer is negative, the controller adjusts the driving signal to a proper duty ratio so as to force the key to travel on the reference trajectory.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit and method for operating a hydraulic device according to which fluid is passed from a source to the device while some of the fluid is passed to a valve that is adjustable to control the amount of fluid passed to it and therefore the amount of fluid passed to the device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a variable regeneration valve of a heavy equipment in which hunting due to repeated motion of a spool does not occur in a regeneration valve that supplies a return flow of an actuator to a supply port during single operation of the actuator or its composite operation such as composite driving of arm in and swing, and a structure of the variable regeneration valve is simplified to improve process characteristics. The variable regeneration valve includes a hydraulic pump, an actuator connected with the hydraulic pump, a control valve controlling operation, stop, and direction of the actuator, a regeneration switching valve having a first piston, a switching spool, a first elastic member, and a second piston, a first damping orifice, and a second damping orifice.

Abstract: An impact plate for use in a component having parts that move at high velocity, such as a piston or valve, controls energy transfer during impact of the moving part. The impact plate has a recessed inner portion that acts as an impact surface and an outer support surface to hold the impact plate within a housing of the component. The impact surface has a selected, controlled spring rate so that it can deflect and absorb impact forces when the moving part contacts it.